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Mit Methoden zur Umweltbewertung, die – wie die interviewgestützte Contingent Valuation Methode – auf der Messung individueller Präferenzen basieren, lässt sich der Wert einer Umweltveränderung umfassend bestimmen, aber sie erweisen sich in der Praxis oft als zu teuer. Durch die Verwendung von Bayes’schen Ansätzen können die Kosten der Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse für explizite Bewertungsstudien sowie für die implizite Bewertung durch den Nutzentransfer deutlich gesenkt werden. Darüber hinaus wird durch diesen Ansatz der Nutzentransfer erheblich zuverlässiger, so dass dieses <I>Sparmodell der Umweltbewertung</I> mit weitaus geringeren Einschränkungen als bislang empfohlen werden kann. Die Arbeit illustriert diese Aussagen mit einer Vielzahl simulierter und empirischer Beispiele.

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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the oldest biotechnological processes and originally referred to biomass degradation under anoxic conditions in both natural and engineered systems. It has been used for decades to treat various waste streams and to produce methane-rich biogas as an important energy carrier, and it has become a major player in electrical power production. AD is a popular, mature technology, and our knowledge about the influencing process parameters as well as about the diverse microbial communities involved in the process has increased dramatically over the last few decades. To avoid competition with food and feed production, the AD feedstock spectrum has constantly been extended to waste products either rich in recalcitrant lignocellulose or containing inhibitory substances such as ammonia, which requires application of various pre-treatments or specific management of the microbial resources. Extending the definition of AD, it can also convert gases rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane that can substitute natural gas, which opens new opportunities by a direct link to traditional petrochemistry. Furthermore, AD can be coupled with emerging biotechnological applications, such as microbial electrochemical technologies or the production of medium-chain fatty acids by anaerobic fermentation. Ultimately, because of the wide range of applications, AD is still a very vital field in science. This Special Issue highlights some key topics of this research field.

weareleach

Steele, Edward Strieby, 1850-1942

Clube Teoria Feminista Ontem e Hoje

Just Dental Care

Are there any dental problems that you should be worried about? - Since most of us don’t go to a dental clinic in Chermside unless we have a dental problem, we may not be aware of the already existing dental problems.

SEO_11

Just Dental Care

moi

aucune

Пользователь Windows

Agung Eka Desa Lokapaksa, Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Reality Mesh Network (RMN) adalah sebuah konsep jaringan realitas global yang berfungsi membaca, merekam, dan mengirimkan state (keadaan fisik dan informasi) dari setiap objek di dunia nyata secara terus-menerus dan terdistribusi. RMN bertujuan menciptakan lapisan digital paralel yang memetakan realitas fisik secara detail—mulai dari posisi, bentuk, struktur atom, kondisi energi, hingga konteks lingkungannya—sehingga setiap perubahan dapat dicatat dan diakses secara real time.

Ruel Perley Smith

PD-US

Michael Gilek (editor)

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This edited volume presents a comprehensive and coherent interdisciplinary analysis of challenges and possibilities for sustainable governance of the Baltic Sea ecosystem by combining knowledge and approaches from natural and social sciences. Focusing on the Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM) and associated multi-level, multi-sector and multi-actor challenges, the book provides up-to-date descriptions and analyses of environmental governance structures and processes at the macro-regional Baltic Sea level. Organised in two parts, Part 1 presents in-depth case studies of environmental governance practices and challenges linked to five key environmental problems - eutrophication, chemical pollution, overfishing, oil discharges and invasive species. Part 2 analyses and compares governance challenges and opportunities across the five case studies, focusing on governance structures and EAM implementation, knowledge integration and science support, as well as stakeholder communication and participation. Based on these cross-case comparisons, this book also draws a set of general conclusions on possible ways of improving the governance of the Baltic Sea by promoting what are identified as vital functions of environmental governance: coordination, integration, interdisciplinarity, precaution, deliberation, communication and adaptability.

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How does the motor cortex enable mammals to generate accurate, complex, and purposeful movements? A cubic millimeter of motor cortex contains roughly ~10^5 cells, an amazing ~4 Km of axons and ~0.4 Km of dendrites, somehow wired together with ~10^9 synapses. Corticospinal neurons (a.k.a. Betz cells, upper motor neurons) are a key cell type, monosynaptically conveying the output of the cortical circuit to the spinal cord circuits and lower motor neurons. But corticospinal neurons are greatly outnumbered by all the other kinds of neurons in motor cortex, which presumably also contribute crucially to the computational operations carried out for planning, executing, and guiding actions. Determining the wiring patterns, the dynamics of signaling, and how these relate to movement at the level of specific excitatory and inhibitory cell types is critically important for a mechanistic understanding of the input-output organization of motor cortex. While there is a predictive microcircuit hypothesis that relates motor learning to the operation of the cerebellar cortex, we lack such a microcircuit understanding in motor cortex and we consider microcircuits as a central research topic in the field. This Research Topic covers any issues relating to the microcircuit-level analysis of motor cortex. Contributions are welcomed from neuroscientists at all levels of investigation, from in vivo physiology and imaging in humans and monkeys, to rodent models, in vitro anatomy, electrophysiology, electroanatomy, cellular imaging, molecular biology, disease models, computational modeling, and more.

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The Matawai Maroon Johannes King (ca. 1830-1898) taught himself to read and write at an advanced age. He wanted to bridge the gap between the generations by publishing his Book of Horrors (Skrekiboekoe) and the present book which has been given the title Life at Marispaston. King wanted to explain the root of the problems between him and his elder brother, Chief Noah Andrai, representatives respectively of the church and the state at the village level. King wanted to justify his life in the eyes of the church, the EBG-Moravian Brethren, and his fellow Maroons. This book is an important contribution to the church history of Suriname, yet also offers insights into the history of the Maroon communities in Suriname. This book is one of the first original works in Sranantongo.

admin

PD-US

Admin

Anonymous

PD-US

This ebook uses 19th century spelling

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Electronic Iran introduces the concept of the Iranian Internet, a framework that captures interlinked, transnational networks of virtual and offline spaces. Taking her cues from early Internet ethnographies that stress the importance of treating the Internet as both a site and product of cultural production, accounts in media studies that highlight the continuities between old and new media, and a range of works that have made critical interventions in the field of Iranian studies, Niki Akhavan traces key developments and confronts conventional wisdom about digital media in general, and contemporary Iranian culture and politics in particular. Akhavan focuses largely on the years between 1998 and 2012 to reveal a diverse and combative virtual landscape where both geographically and ideologically dispersed individuals and groups deployed Internet technologies to variously construct, defend, and challenge narratives of Iranian national identity, society, and politics. While it tempers celebratory claims that have dominated assessments of the Iranian Internet, Electronic Iran is ultimately optimistic in its outlook. As it exposes and assesses overlooked aspects of the Iranian Internet, the book sketches a more complete map of its dynamic landscape, and suggests that the transformative powers of digital media can only be developed and understood if attention is paid to both the specificities of new technologies as well as the local and transnational contexts in which they appear. This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.

Mark Twain

PD-US

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Food webs describe the structure of communities and their energy flows, and they represent interactions between species in ecosystems. Recently, we have witnessed rapid development of techniques for both experimental studies and theoretical/computational studies on food webs as well as species interactions. This reprint book is focused on food chains and food webs in aquatic ecosystems, with seven papers published in the corresponding Special Issue of Applied Sciences. The topics include empirical studies on food chains and food webs as well as effects of environmental factors on organisms in aquatic ecosystems.

Daniel Panateri

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El libro propone un estudio del discurso monárquico hispano a partir de un elemento específico: Las Siete Partidas entre los siglos XIII y XVI. La mirada implica entender dicha obra como un objeto textual que debe estudiarse bajo sus propias condiciones de existencia (tres ediciones con cuantiosas emisiones cada una y casi cien manuscritos en su tradición). A través de un estudio filológico y discursivo de la tradición manuscrita y édita, consideramos entonces la posibilidad de entender el funcionamiento de dicho dispositivo discursivo como un elemento recurrente, siempre presente, pero, a la vez, cambiante en la historia política hispánica a partir de la imagen regia que provee. El núcleo central del análisis está en la consideración de que el texto jurídico alfonsí hace del espacio interno y externo en su construcción discursiva de poder, el cual implica al resto de los poderes imperantes en el período Medieval y Moderno. En tal sentido, no solo hay un análisis del funcionamiento del dispositivo a través de sus diversos testimonios entre los siglos XIII y XVI, sino también una propuesta epistemológica, metodológica y política sobre el funcionamiento de este discurso en la historia. Se reponen varias obras del rey Sabio, tanto jurídicas como historiográficas, obras de su misma época, comentarios y tratados de juristas, medievales y romanos y canonistas para lograr entender el clima de (las) época(s) estudiadas, las innovaciones y reposiciones de vocabulario, etc. Es una muestra de trabajo interdisciplinario al servicio de la Historia del Derecho, entendida esta última a partir de sus textos y sus itinerarios materiales e intelectuales, más que una forma clásica de abordar los mismos problemas de siempre.

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Indonesia