The aim of this book is to document for the first time the dimensions and requirements of effective integrated groundwater management (IGM). Groundwater management is a formidable challenge, one that remains one of humanity’s foremost priorities. It has become a largely non-renewable resource that is overexploited in many parts of the world. In the 21st century, the issue moves from how to simply obtain the water we need to how we manage it sustainably for future generations, future economies, and future ecosystems. The focus then becomes one of understanding the drivers and current state of the groundwater resource, and restoring equilibrium to at-risk aquifers. Many interrelated dimensions, however, come to bear when trying to manage groundwater effectively. An integrated approach to groundwater necessarily involves many factors beyond the aquifer itself, such as surface water, water use, water quality, and ecohydrology. Moreover, the science by itself can only define the fundamental bounds of what is possible; effective IGM must also engage the wider community of stakeholders to develop and support policy and other socioeconomic tools needed to realize effective IGM. In order to demonstrate IGM, this book covers theory and principles, embracing: 1) an overview of the dimensions and requirements of groundwater management from an international perspective; 2) the scale of groundwater issues internationally and its links with other sectors, principally energy and climate change; 3) groundwater governance with regard to principles, instruments and institutions available for IGM; 4) biophysical constraints and the capacity and role of hydroecological and hydrogeological science including water quality concerns; and 5) necessary tools including models, data infrastructures, decision support systems and the management of uncertainty. Examples of effective, and failed, IGM are given. Throughout, the importance of the socioeconomic context that connects all effective IGM is emphasized. Taken as a whole, this work relates the many facets of effective IGM, from the catchment to global perspective.
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Why do we play games and why do we play them on computers? The contributors of »Games and Rules« take a closer look at the core of each game and the motivational system that is the game mechanics. Games are control circuits that organize the game world with their (joint) players and establish motivations in a dedicated space, a »Magic Circle«, whereas game mechanics are constructs of rules designed for interactions that provide gameplay. Those rules form the base for all the excitement and frustration we experience in games. This anthology contains individual essays by authors with backgrounds in Game Design and Game Studies, who lead the discourse to get to the bottom of game mechanics in video games and the real world.
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IVF provides a glimmer of hope for couples who are having trouble conceiving naturally. To guarantee the greatest results, the procedure calls for accuracy, expertise, and caring attention.
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The Global Leather chemicals Market Research Report Forecast is a valuable source of insightful data for business strategists. It provides the industry overview with trend analysis, historical, futuristic data, revenue, demand and strategic development.
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While the incidence rate of neuroendocrine tumours has been increasing, the survival rate has not. Therefore, there is a great need for state-of-the-art research and new treatment protocols. The chapters in this book contribute to that debate and will be required reading for both researchers and healthcare practitioners, as it offers both overviews of the condition and specialized contributions. Topics covered include the association between chronic inflammation and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, or GEP-NETs. GEP-NETs are also addressed in a chapter on their circulating markers, which can help in diagnosing this hard to detect condition. One chapter covers the role of Chromogranin A, while another addresses the diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine carcinomas in cases where the primary site is unknown.
TBC materials in the hot components of a gas turbine are exposed to extremely harsh environments. Therefore, the evaluation of various environmental factors in applying new TBCs is essential. Understanding the mechanisms for degradation which occur in comprehensive environments plays an important role in preventing it and improving the lifetime performance. The development of novel coating techniques can also have a significant impact on lifetime performance as they can alter the microstructure of the coating and alter the various properties resulting from it. This Special Issue presents an original research paper that reports the development of novel TBCs, particularly the application of advanced deposition techniques and novel materials.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and still represents one of the global health threats to mankind. The World Health Organization estimated more than 10 million new cases and reported more than 1.5 million deaths in 2019, thus ranking TB among the main causes of death due to a single pathogen. Standard anti-TB therapy includes four first-line antibiotics that should be administered for at least six months. However, in the case of multi- and extensively drug-resistant TB, second-line medications must be used and these frequently cause severe side effects resulting in poor compliance. Developing new anti-TB drug candidates is therefore of outmost importance. In this Special Issue dedicated to Tuberculosis Drug Discovery and Development, we present the main and latest achievements in the fields of drug and target discovery, host-directed therapy, anti-virulence drugs, and describe the development of two advanced compounds: macozinone and delpazolid. In addition, this Special Issue provides an historical perspective focused on Carlo Forlanini, the inventor of pneumothorax for TB treatment, and includes an overview of the state-of-the-art technologies which are being exploited nowadays in TB drug development. Finally, a summary of TB vaccines that are either approved or undergoing clinical trials concludes the Special Issue.
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