1 wh jeh l:dj - 2022 1'0 - mQ¾úldj .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 1'1 wo" ud úiska bÈßm;a lrkafka ksoyia YS% ,xldfõ 76 jk whjehhs' fï whjeh .re f.daGdNh rdcmlaI ckdêm;s;=ukaf.a rch úiska bÈßm;a lrk fojeks whjeh jk w;r" uqo,a weu;sjrhd f,i fuh udf.a ux., whjeh l;djhs' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 1'2 wms fï miq lrñka isákafka udkj YsIagdpdrfha fõokdldÍu hq.hhs' tlS i;H wjfndaO lr .; fkdyels flfkl= isà hehs ud is;kafka keye' flfia fj;;a" wms fï wNsfhda.d;aul fudfyd; ch .; hq;=hs' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 1'3 wNsfhda.hg wNsfhda. lr" fmdÿ iudc hym; ks¾udKh lsÍfï kHdh uu m<uqj bf.k .kafka ueouq,k uy f.or § hs' wNsfhda.j,g ìh jqKq b;sydihla rdcmlaIjrekag ;snqfKa u keye' 1936 § YS% ,xldfõ fojk rdcH uka;%K iNdj ksfhdackh l< — reyqfKa isxyhd ̃ f,i úreodj,sh ,enQ ã'tï' rdcmlaIhkaj uq¿ rgu okakjd' ta uf.a wdorKSh f,dl= ;d;a;dhs' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 1'4 reyqKq .srejdfha ;SrKd;aul foaYmd,k yerjqu ks¾udKh jqfKa 1945 § uf.a mshdKka rdcH uka;%K iNdjg f;aÍ m;aùu;a iu`.hs' ã'ta' rdcmlaI ue;s;=uka wkd.;ldó iajfoaYsljdÈfhl= njg reyqfKa uy fmdf<dj iy ck cSú; wog;a idlaIs orkjd' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 1'5 rdcmlaI foaYmd,k mqrdjD;a;fha uyd fmdÿ idOlh jkafka fï fudfydf;a;a" fï W;a;Í;r iNdfõ isák .re w.%dud;H uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=udhs' ksoyia YS% ,xldfõ ;SrKd;aul oYlh 2005 ;a 2015 ;a w;r jQ oi wjqreÿ ld,hhs' 2 .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 1'6 f,dalfha ́kEu rgl n,hg m;ajk wdKavqjla úiska bgq l< hq;= iuia; rdcldßfha m%Odk fldgia ;=khs' tkï" cd;sl wdrlaIdj" ixj¾Okh iy iudc iqnidOkhhs' fulS ;=ka jeoEreï ld¾hNdrh tlu hq.hl bgq l< tlu kdhlhd uyskao rdcmlaI ckdêm;s;=udhs' tjeks kdhlhska f,dal foaYmd,k is;shu u; wmg iq,Nj yuq jkafka keye' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 1'7 fï foaYmd,k .ufka" B<`. mßÉfPaoh 2015 ;a 2019 ;a w;r hq.hhs' tlS hq.h úiska wmg oi jo fkdÿkafka kï wms fu;rï mßK; fkdjkakg bv ;snqKd' flfia fj;;a" ta fõokdldÍ u;lhka wmg;a wfma wdorKSh igka i.hskag;a wu;l keye' mrdchl § ,nk fõokdjka kej; ch ysñ jQ ojig ffjÍ m%;sm%ydrhla njg fmr<Su idudkHfhka isÿfjkjd' kuq;a" th tfia isÿjkakg wms bv ;enqfõ keye' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 1'8 hymd,k hq.fha ffjÍ foaYmd,kh yuqfõ fkdie ̈Kq wms" ta wiSre m%pKav foaYmd,k jgmsgdj ;=< u wdishdfõ iqúi,au foaYmd,k jHdmdrhla ks¾udKh lsÍug ;rï ù¾hhjka; jqKd' ta YS% ,xld fmdÿck fmruqKhs' wfma w ̈;a mlaIh ìys lr udi 15la .; jQ ;ek wmsg m<uq ue;sjrKhg uqyqK§ug isÿ jqKd' ta" 2018 fmnrjdÍ 10jkod mej;s m<d;a md,k ue;sjrKhhs' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 1'9 ish ̈ n, l`ojqre mrod wms fï ue;sjrKh úYsIag f,i ch.%yKh l<d' bkamiqj" t<UqfKa ckdêm;sjrKhhs' ta jk úg furg lsisÿ foaYmd,k mlaIhlg fkd;snqKq wiuiu foaYmd,k idOl 03 la wm i;=j ;snqKd' bka m<uqjekak " uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=ukaf.a woaú;Sh foaYmd,k kdhl;ajhhs' fojekak " ukd f,i ixúOdk .; fldg ;snQ wfma YS% ,xld fmdÿck fmruqKhs' ;=kajekak " ck iudch úiska u kï lrk ,o úch.%dyS wfmalaIlhd wm l`ojqr i;=ùuhs' ta j;auka ckdêm;s f.daGdNh rdcmlaI ue;s;=uka h' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 1'10 wNHka;r iy ndysr wNsfhda. /ila ueo 2019 ckdêm;sjrKfhka f.daGdNh rdcmlaI ue;s;=uka w;s úYsIaG ch.%yKhla ysñ lr .;a;d' ck yoj;a yeg kj 3 ,laIhla f.daGdNh rdcmlaI ue;s;=uka fjkqfjka Pkaoh m%ldY l<d' th jeä Pkao oy;=ka ,laIhla blau jQ b;sydi.; ckjrula' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 1'11 f.daGdNh rdcmlaI ue;s;=ukaf.a kdhl;ajfha úYsIag;ajh h<s iy;sl lrñka ckdêm;sjrKfhka udi kjhlg miq 2020 md¾,sfïka;= ue;sjrKh ft;sydisl ckjrula iys;j ch .kakg yels jqKd' th m%;sjd§ka i,s; l< ±jeka; uyck m%;spdrhla' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 2'0 fuu whjeh bÈßm;a lrkafka wms f.da,Sh w¾nqo mylg ueÈj isák wjia:djlhs' 2'1 m<uqjekak kï" f,dj wka ljrodg;a jvd iudc iy wd¾:sl úIu;djh jeä ùuhs' ke;fyd;a" fmdfydi;a mqoa.,hska iy iud.ï ;j ;j;a fmdfydi;a fjoa§ ÿmam;=ka ;j ;j;a ÿmam;a fjñka mej;Suhs' 2'2 fojekak kï" ;sridr ixj¾Ok b,lal <`.d lr .ekSfï fõ.h wvd, ùuhs' th wm jeks ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,g jvd;a ÿIalr jkq we;' 2'3 f.da,Sh WIaK;ajh by< f.dia mßir úm;a jeäùu ;=kajk w¾nqohhs' ÈhqKq - fkdÈhqKq fíohlska f;drj wo f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,a úúO iajdNdúl wdmodj,g ,la fjñka ;sfnkjd' 2'4 isõjeks w¾nqoh jkafka" b;sydifha wka ljrodlg;a jvd nyq md¾Yùh iy oaùmd¾Yùh Wmldr iSud ù ;sîuhs' Bg fya;=j iEu Okj;a rgla u mdfya ;uqkaf.a wNHka;r .eg¿ úi`od .ekSug úfYaI m%uqL;djhla § ;sîuhs' 2'5 miajeks idOlh fldfrdakd ksid ìys jQ — kj idudkH ;;a;ajhg ̃ wkq.; ùfï wNsfhda.hhs' ixprK iSud" ksjfia isg fiajh lsÍu" iEu fohlu ñ, by< hdu iy ksIamdok l¾udka; cd,hka f.da,Sh jYfhka ì`ojeàu wd§ wNsfhda. /ilg wms tljr uqyqK foñka isákjd' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 2'6 fuu ;;a;ajhka úúO rgj,g úúO wdldrfhka n,md ;sfnkjd' ksIamdok wd¾Ólh fj; jeä wjOdkhla fhduq l< rgj,g we;s jQ n,mEug;a jvd n,mEula" jdKsc wd¾Ólhg jeä keUqrjla we;s wms jeks rgj,g t,a, ù ;sfnkjd' 4 .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 2'7 foaYSh iy úfoaYSh jYfhka fiajd iemhSu ;=<ska wmg Wmhd .ekSug ;snQ wdodhï wysñj ;sfnk wjia:djla' fï ksid u" rgg fuka u rdcH NdKavd.drhg ,efnk wdodhu o fmr fkdjQ úrE wdldrhg wjysr ù ;sfnkjd' fï jif¾ NdKavd.drhg ,eîug ;sî" wo jk úg wysñj we;s wdodhu remsh,a ì,shk 500 g jvd jeähs' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 2'8 wm f.jd ouñka isákafka ck;djf.a cSú;" cSjfkdamdh" wdodhï ud¾. iy /lshd iqrlaIs; lsßu ms<sn`o b;sydifha oreKq;u wNsfhda. iys; ld,jljdkqjhs' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 2'9 tu wNsfhda. ueo mjd wfma wd¾Ólh yeisrùu i`oyd wjYH ish ̈u Yla;Ska wm i;=j ;sfnk nj ±äj úYajdi lrkjd' tu wNsfhda. wNsl%uKh lsÍfï yelshdj wm i;=hs' 3'0 - wm i;= Yla;Ska .re l:dkdhl;=uks" wm i;= Yla;Ska ms<sn|j fláfhka fyda fuu f.!rjkSh iNdj oekqj;a lsÍug ud fuh wjia:dj lr .kakjd' 3'1 - tä;r kdhl;ajh iy foaYmd,k ia:djr;ajh fï l,dmfha by<u m%cd;ka;%jdoS foaYmd,k ia:djr;ajhla ;sfnk rg wfma rghs' uyck Pkaofhka f;aÍm;a jQ úOdhl ckdêm;sjrfhla isákjd tu ckdêm;sjrhd wjxl" iDcq ;SrK .kakd" ¥IKh" jxpdj iy kdia;sh msgqolsk ir, kdhlfhla' th wfma bosß .ukg uy;a wiajeis,a,la iy Yla;shla ta jf.au wmsg ;=fkka fofla n,hla iys; md¾,sfïka;= n,hla ;sfnkjd .re l:dkdhl;=uks" tu md¾,sfïka;=jg kdhl;ajh ,nd fokafka wdishdfõ mßK;u foaYmd,k kdhlhd" uyskao rdcmlaI w.%dud;H;=ud t;=ud furgg iqúfYaIS ld¾hNdrhla l< kdhlfhla 5 .re l:dkdhl;=uks" iajdëk wêlrK moaO;shla iy úkh .rel rdcH fiajhla wm rg i;=j mj;skjd ta ms<sn|j wm fjkodg;a jvd wdvïnr fjkjd 3'2 - f.da,Sh m%ñ;sfhka hq;= há;, myiqlï .re l:dkdhl;=uks" há;, myiqlï w;ska wm b;du by< ;ekl bkakjd' jrdh" .=jka f;dgqm<" úÿ,s ixfoaY myiqlï" wêfõ.S ud¾." uydud¾. myiqlï yd úÿ,s iemhqï iïnkaO;d b;du by< ;ekl ;sfnkjd' ta jf.au lsf,da ógr ,laIfha ud¾. jHdmD;sh iy md,ï mkaoyi jevigyk yryd w;=re ud¾. moaO;sh ;jÿrg;a Yla;su;a ù uq¿ rgu tl cd,hla njg m;afjñka ;sfnkjd tu ksid foaYSh iy úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhskag cd;Hka;r ;,fha há;, myiqlï iemhSï w;ska wm bosßfhka isákjd 3'3 - fkdne|s" ys; ñ;=re cd;Hka;r in|;d .re l:dkdhl;=uks" wms b;sydifha ljrodj;a ke;s ;rul ñ;%YS,s oaúmd¾Yúl iy nyq md¾Yúl , rdc;dka;%sl iïnkaO;d mq¿,a lrf.k ;sfnkjd f,dal nexl=j , wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j , hqfrdamd ix.uh , cmdk wka;¾cd;sl iyfhda.s;d tackaish , l=fõÜ wruqo, , m%xY ixj¾Ok tackaish (French Development Agency) , c¾uka ixj¾Ok wruqo, (KFD) , fldßhdkq wka;¾cd;sl iyfhda.S;d tackaish (KOICA) , Tfmla cd;Hka;r ixj¾Ok wruqo, (OPEC for International Development) , tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkhg wkqnoaO ish ̈ wdh;k wms;a iu`. b;du iómj lghq;= lrkjd tmuKla fkdfjhs" Wmldr wjeis wjia:djl fuu ixúOdk wfma rgg tieKska Wmldr lsÍug iQodkñka isák nj wm b;d f.!rjfhka hq;=j isysm;a lrkjd 3'4 - iqjm;a , nqoaêu;a udkj iïm;la .re l:dkdhl;=uks" wms jdikdjka; rgl Ôj;a fjkafka wfma ck;dj nyqúO ksmqK;d iys; kSfrda.S , W.;a , nqoaêu;a , wdpdrYS,s iy lD;fõoS ck;djla tu ksid , udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okfha 6 idïm%odhsl ks¾Kdhlj,g yiqfkdjk .=Kdx.j,ska mjd fmdfydi;aj isák nj wdvïnrfhka m%ldY lr isákjd tu ksid , ́kEu wNsfhda.hlg uqyqK oSfï Yla;sh wm i;=j ;sfnkjd fldúâ jix.;h wjia:dfõoS;a by< ixfõoS njlska fyì udkj iïm;la isàfï jeo.;alu wms m%dfhda.slj w;a úkaod tu ksid , ieug wjYH /ljrK tiekska ie,iSug wmg wjia:dj ,enqKd 3'5 - mßirhg we¿ï lrk cd;shla .re l:dkdhl;=uks" mßirhg wms ;rï wdorh l< ck iudchla ke;s;rï jir 2500 g wêl ,sÅ; YsIagdpdrh mqrd ta njg imsß idlaIs ;sfnkjd Y%S ,xldfõ N+ o¾Ykh , jkdka;r , f;;aìï , .xÕd we<-fod< , lDIsld¾ñl bvï , fjr<nv iy iuqø hk ffcj moaO;sj,ska fmdfydi;a .re l:dkdhl;=uks" tys jHdma;sh mq¿,a mrdihl úysoS foaY.=Kh , N+ úIu;d iy mdxY= j¾. u; ieliS ;sfnkjd my;rg jeis jkdka;r iy fldr,amr jeks wm rfÜ ffcj úúO;ajfhka fmdfydi;a mßir moaO;s wjldYSh jYfhka ksYaÑ; N+f.da,Sh m%foaYj,g iSud ù ;sfnkjd 3'6 - ;srir wd¾:sl oelau .re l:dkdhl;=uks" mßirh yd ixj¾Okh tlsfkl yd .efgk lafIa;% f,ihs fndfyda wh uE; w;S;fha oS w¾: oelajQfha kuq;a , wo uq¿ f,dalhu úYajdi lrkjd fï fol tlsfklg jdis iemfhk wdldrhg iyiïnkaO l< yels nj (We Strongly Believe that the Intergration of Development and Environment is Possible) f,dalhu ;sridr ixj¾Okh fj; hk fï wjêfha , wfma fmdfydi;a iajdNdúl iïm;a Wreuh iy ffcj úúO;aj moaO;sh wdrlaId lr.; hq;= fjkjd wfma rfÜ iuia; wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh Wmdh ud¾. ieliS we;af;a mßirh yd ixj¾Okh hk tlsfklg .efgk wruqKq jvd;a idOkSh wdldrhg yiqrejd .ksñka nj uu fuys ,d m%ldY lrkjd oekgu;a yß; wd¾Ólhla f.dvke`.Su i|yd jk jevms<sfj, wm —fi!Nd.Hfha oelau ̃ ;=<ska m%ldY lr ;sfnkjd 2022 wh jeh tlS ixl,amfhau os.=jla 7 3'7 - cd;sl wdrlaIdjg m%uqL;ajh .re l:dkdhl;=uks" Y%S ,xldj ;=< iduldó;ajh;a , cd;sl wdrlaIdj;a b;du iaÓridr f,i ;yjqrefj,d ;sfnkjd ;jÿrg;a fï rfÜ wka;jdohg fyda ;%ia;jdohg bvla kE wfma rg wo f,dalfha iduldóu iy ia:djru rgj,a w;ßka tlls ;%ia;jdoh mrod oskQ idufha m%;s,dN wms N=la;s ú|sñka isákjd ;ukag jvd fyd| wkd.;hla ;u orejkag f.dvke.Sug yelsh hk i;=g N=la;s ú|skjd kuq;a , wmg fmfkkjd f.da,Sh jYfhka we;s iuyr ;¾ckj,g wmg wo uqyqK oSug isÿjk nj tjeks ;¾ckj,ska wdrlaId ùu iy cd;sfha wdrlaIdj iy;sl lsÍu wmf.a m<uqjeks j.lSu f,i i,lkjd .re l:dkdhl;=uks" cd;sl wdrlaIdj ksoyfia iy iuDoaêfha moku jk neúka , fuu j.lSfuka wm lsis f,ilska neyerjkafka kE ck;djf.a wNs,dIhka iu`. fm<.eiS we;s cd;sl wdrlaIdj , mßmQ¾K wdrlaIdjla njg m;a lsÍug wmg yelshdj ,eî ;sfnkjd ta i|yd jk uyck iyfhda.h fkdwvqj ,efnñka mj;skjd tu ksid , rg ;=< ckjd¾.sl iyÔjkh , foaYmd,k iy wd¾Ól ia:djr;ajh , ;%ia;jdoh ;=rka lsÍu iy wka;jdohg tfrys ùug wmg we;s Yla;sh fmrg;a jvd by<ska mj;sk nj i;=áka okajd isákjd 3'8 - m%;sYla;sfhka fmruqKg .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 2020 uehs udifha isg , wm rchg fldúâ jix.;h me;sÍu je<elaùu i|yd oeä l%shdud¾. .ekSug isÿ jqKd uq¿ukskau rg jid oeóug mjd lghq;= lrñka ck;d wdrlaIKh ,nd oSug isÿjqKd osjhsk mqrd .uka iSud lsÍï iy yqol,d m%foaY mekùug isÿ jqKd ;=kajk /,a, iu`.ska , jix.;h je<elaùfï fi!LH ks¾foaY n,d;aul lsÍu jvd;a oeä l<d 8 .re l:dkdhl;=uks" rg mqrd fldúâ m%;sldr uOHia:dk iy myiqlï iemhSu Yla;su;a l<d tkak;a lsÍfï jevigyk , úfYaIfhka by< wjOdkï iys; m%foaYj, iy wjodkug ,laúh yels ck.ykh m%;sYla;slrKh lsÍu flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l<d jix.;h úiska t,a, lrk ,o fi!LH yd wd¾Ól wNsfhda.j,g m%;spdr oelaùu i|yd iïm;a n,uq ¿ .ekaùu i|yd wjYH läkï l%shdud¾. .ekSug rch úúO md¾Yj iu`. lghq;= l<d jix.;hg f.dÿre jQ ,laI myudrlg wdikak msßila frda.fhka uqojd .ekSug wmg yelshdj ,enqKd .re l:dkdhl;=uks" wms lS foa l< wdKavqjla wo wms tkak;alrK b,lal imqrd wjika ta ksid fndfyda wh wo wmsj y`ÿkajkafka Vaccinated Nation in Asia lsh,d tkak;alrK jevms<sfj<g kdhl;ajh ÿka w;s.re ckdêm;s;=uka fj; wmf.a iqúfYaIS f.!rjh yd ia;+;sh ysñúh hq;=hs 3'9 - fldúâ mrod h<s jevìug .re l:dkdhl;=uks" fldúâ jix.;fhka wfma rg uqod .ekSug yelsùu u`.ska wmg iqúfYaI jdisodhl ;;a;ajhla w;am;a lr.ekSug yelshdj ;sfnkjd wfma rfÜ ck Ôú;h h<s k`.d isgqùug;a , ixpdrl l¾udka;h we;=¿ wd¾Ólfha ;SrKd;aul wxY h<s;a mK .ekaùug;a wmg yelshdj ;sfnkjd tmuKla fkdj l,dmfha wka rgj,aj,g l,ska mYapd;a fldfrdakd wd¾Ól mqk¾Ôjkhla we;s lr,Su i|yd wmsg fuh Yla;shla jQ nj wmf.a úYajdihhs úYd, msßila ;u iqmqreÿ Ôjk rgdjg yqre fjñka mj;skjd /lshd ia:dk fj; .uka lrñka isákjd wdodhï W;amdok ud¾. újD; fj,d ck Ôú;h idudkH w;g yeß,d tu ksid , h<s;a wfma rg jev ìula njg m;afjñka mj;skjd 3'10 - foaYSh jHjidh Yla;sh .re l:dkdhl;=uks" jix.; iufha bosß fm< isg wmj /l n,d.;a fi!LH" wdrlaIl yd rdcH wxY wmf.a weig fyd|ska fmkqKd tfy;a wmg weiamkdmsg fkdfmkqKq ;j;a msßila wm ieug 9 msgqmiska isg wmj Yla;su;a l<d ta wfma jHdmdßl m%cdjhs Tjqka ;u fiajlhska /lshdfjka msgux lf<a keye ksIamdok oduhka yels yeu whqßka u mj;ajdf.k hñka w;HdjYH fiajd ck;dj fj; <`.d lrùug iydh ÿkakd .re l:dkdhl;=uks" wmkhk l¾udka; ish cd;sl j.lSu uekúka bgq l<d fj<| fYaIhg úYd, iykhla fï yryd ie,iqKd wmg yels iEu wjia:djlu wm wfma jHdmdßl m%cdjg wjYH myiqlï imhñka rfÜ ;SrKd;aul wxY njg m;a lrkjd Tjqka Yla;su;aj isáhfyd;a fmr<d Tjqka o fujeks w¾nqOldÍ wjia:djl ;u hq;=lu bgq lrkq we;s wfma rch yels iEu myiqlula u Tjqka fjkqfjka iemhSug wosgka lrf.k isákjd .re l:dkdhl;=uks" fï wdldrhg wms ;=< ie`.ù we;s Yla;Ska fndfyduhla wmsg y÷kd.kak mq¿jka kuq;a , ta .ek uu ;jÿrg;a oS¾> jYfhka meyeos,s lrkak hkafka kE 4'0 - wm yuqfõ we;s wNsfhda. .re l:dkdhl;=uks" wjdikdjlg wfma ixj¾Ok .ukg wl=,a fy<k hï ndOl iuQyhla wm yuqfõ ;sfnkjd tajd wNsfhda.hka f,i oelajQjdg jrola ke;ehs ud úYajdi lrkjd ta jf.au , tajd ms<sn| fï .re iNdj oekqj;a lsÍfï jeo.;alu o ud wj;lafiare lrkafka keye tuksid , fuu wNsfhda.hka ms<sn| fláfhka hula i|yka lsÍug ud leu;shs 4'1 - cd;Hka;r u;aøjH ud*shdj .re l:dkdhl;=uks" cd;Hka;r u;aøjH cdjdrug Y%S ,xldj yjq,a lr.ekSug ork W;aiyh ish ̈ wNsfhda. w;r m%uqL ia:dkhla .kakjd tfukau , th b;du wk;=reodhl ;;a;ajhla wfma rg ndr.kak isák ;reK mrïmrdj fï jHikfha m%Odk;u b,lalhhs cd;Hka;r u;aøjH cdjdrug tfrysj ckdêm;sjrhd iu`. ;%súO yuqodj iy fmd,Sish , nkaOkd.dr yd mqkre;a:dmk wxY we;=¿ iuia; rdcH hdka;%Khu fkdìhj igka l<d' ta iïnkaOfhka wm Tjqkag ia;=;sjka; fjkjd' u;aøjH cdjdrug tfrys igfka oS Y%S ,xldj uE; ld,Skj úYd, m%.;shla w;alr f.k ;sfnk nj cd;Hka;r ms<s.ekSuhs 10 4'2 - jxpksl jHdmdßl fufyhqï .re l:dkdhl;=uks" wm úfYaIfhkau i,ld ne,sh hq;= ;j;a tla ne/reï ldrKhla kï , jxpksl jHdmdr lghq;=j,ska whq;= ,dN wfmalaIdfjka lghq;= lrk mqoa.,hka iy wdh;k ish jHdmdßl lghq;= yryd furg ck Ôú;hg isÿlrk n,mEuhs úfYaIfhkau NdKav ie`.ùu , lD;su NdKav ys`.hla ks¾udKh lsÍu , wêl ñ, .Kka yryd l¿ fj<|fmd<la ks¾udKh lsÍu wo fï rfÜ fmdÿ ck;dj jßka jr uqyqK fok fÄokSh ;;a;ajhla tu widOdrK fj<÷kag tfrysj wfma igk ;ju wjika keye .re l:dkdhl;=uks" we;eï wjia:dj,oS ck;dj fjkqfjka Wml%ñlj miqneiSug isÿjqKq nj we;a;la kuq;a , th ÿ¾j,;djhla fia fkdolsk f,i b,a,d isákjd idOdrK fj<|fmd< l%shdldÍ;ajhla we;sjk , taldêldÍ;ajh fjkqjg ;r.ldÍ;ajh;a , fm!oa.,sl fj<| cd,h uÜgug iuQmldr lafIa;%h;a , iq¿ yd uOHu mßudK fj<| m%cdj we;=<;a jk m%;sixialrK i|yd;a jk ;sridr úi÷ula ,nd oSug wfma rch fmdfrdkaÿ fjkjd 4'3 - rgg úklrk n,fõ. .re l:dkdhl;=uks" ta jf.au iudc l%shdldÍka f,i fjia.;a úfoaY n,fõ. fjkqfjka lghq;= lrk tacka;jre wfma ck iudchg ;Sj% n,mEula t,a,lrñka isákjd wo th Yla;su;a iy ck;djdoS rchka fmr<Sfï W;aidyh olajd Tvqÿjñka ;sfnkjd th rchlg ;ksj l<ukdlrKh l<yels fohla fkfuhs ta ksid , uu fï rfÜ iEu mqrjeisfhl=gu wdrdOkd lr isákjd j.lsjhq;= mqrjeishka f,i fï ;;a;ajh .ek wjOdkfhka isák f,i 4'4 - f.da,Sh fmdÿ wNsfhda. .re l:dkdhl;=uks" f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,a uqyqKfok wNsfhda. /ilg wmsgo uqyqKoSug isÿù ;sfnkjd wdydr ksIamdok odu ì| jeàu , foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi , iajdNdúl wdmod , n,Yla;s w¾nqoh , wNHka;r jYfhka md,kh l< fkdyels idOl u; NdKav ñ, WÉPdjpkh ùu idudkH 11 fohla njg m;afj,d fïjdg úi÷ï ,nd oSu foaYSh jYfhka muKla l< fkdyelshs tajdg cd;Hka;r t<Uqï wjYHhs ta i|yd jk m%jK;djhka foaYSh yd cd;Hka;r jYfhka o f.dkq fjñka mj;skjd wm ta ish ̈ md¾Yjj, fldgialrejka úh hq;=hs 4'5 - Ôjk úhoï jeäùfï ienE wNsfhda.h .re l:dkdhl;=uks" ld,hla ;siafia os.ska os.gu NdKav yd fiajd ñ, .Kkaj, isÿjk by<-my< hdu ms<sn|j wms l;d l<d kuq;a ;sridr úi÷ula iemhSug lsisu rchlg yels jqfKa keye wm wjxlju th ms<s.; hq;=hs fj<|fmdf<a fujeks ñ, yd m%udKhka by<-my< hdï fjkafka wehs oehs wm úuid ne,sh hq;= fjkjd mßfNdack rgdj fjkiaùu , ksIamdok M,odhS;dj m%udKj;aj jeä fkdùu , kQ;k ;dlaIKhg wkq.; fkdùu , m%jdykh iy .nvdlrKfha we;s .eg¿ , w;rueoshkaf.a n,mEu iy ksIamdok oduh ;=< ksjerosj f;dr;=re ikaksfõok fkdùu jf.a .eg¿ NdKav ñ, by< hdu iïnkaOfhka n,md we;s nj wmf.a úYajdihhs 4'6 - h,amek .sh wd¾Ól fuj,ï .re l:dkdhl;=uks" ck.yk j¾Ok fõ.hg idfmalaIj ksIamdok lafIa;%hkays m%udKj;a j¾Okhla w;am;a lr .ekSug wm iu;a fj,d keye fï ;;a;ajhka ksjerosj f;areï fkdf.k wm idïm%odhsl fuj,ï Ndú;d lrñka fj<|fmd< ñ, , b,a ̈u yd iemhqu md,kh lsÍug W;aiy lrkjd kï th wksjd¾hfhkau úfõpkhg ,lajk lreKla NdKav yd fiajd ñ, md,khg idïm%odhsl fuj,ï m%udKj;a kE lshk tl uf.a úYajdihhs fï ksid ;uhs miq.sh ld,fha .eiÜ m;% uqøKh lsÍu ms<sn| j wfma rchg;a úúO úfõpk t,a, jqfKa ta jf.au ñ, yd iemhqu md,kh lsÍug Ndú;d l< iuyr l%shdud¾. iïnkaOfhka wúksYaÑ;;djhla f.dvke.=Kd .re l:dkdhl;=uks" ksIamdok jeä fkdfldg ksIamdolhka m%udKj;a wdldrhg Èßfkd.kajd" iemhqï cd,h ms<sn| f;dr;=re ksjerÈj ikaksfõokh fkdfldg" úoHkql=, l%ufõohka wkq.ukh 12 fkdfldg ;Skaÿ ;SrK .ekSu ksid rch úúO úfõpkj,g uqyqK ÿkakd' tu ksid wm w`ÿf¾ w;m; .dk tl" oekaj;a k;r l< hq;= ld,h meñK ;sfnkjd' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" wms ms<s.;hq;= fjkjd NdKav ysÕh ñ, jeäùug fya;=jla" wdkhk iSud mekùu ñ, jeäùug fya;=jla" wdkhk u; muKla /`§ isàu ñ, jeäùug fya;=jla" remshf,a w.h my; jeàu ñ, jeäùug fya;=jla" ksIamdolhka m%udKj;a f,i Èßu;a fkdlsÍu ñ, jeäùug fya;=jla' ta ksid NdKav yd fiajd fj<`ofmd< yeisÍu md,kh lsÍu i|yd we;s úi`ÿï ueÈ yd È.= ld,sk tajd nj f;areï.; hq;=hs' 4'7 - fj<| wd¾Ólhlg jeä nrla .re l:dkdhl;=uks" oekg wfma wd¾Ólh" fj<`o fiajd wd¾Ólhla flfrys jeä keUqrejla iys; wd¾Ól l%uhla' wdkhkh" wmkhkh fuka fo.=Khla j mej;Su ld,dka;rhla ;=< oelsh yels fjkjd' fï ;;a;ajh ;sridr keye' wNsfhda.d;aulhs' wfma wd¾Ólh" ÈhqKq ksIamdok wd¾Ólhla fj; fhduqlsÍu i|yd jQ jev ms<sfj<lg hd hq;= fjkjd' th kùlrKh jQ kfjda;amdohka iys; — fi!Nd.Hfha oelau ̃ ;=<ska f.dvkeÕSug W;aidy lrk wdldrfha tlla úh hq;=hs' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" b;d l=vd ksIamdolhdf.a ^CIqø& (Micro) isg iq¿" uOHu yd uyd mßudK ksIamdolhd olajd ;udf.a ld¾hh bIaG lsÍu i|yd wjYH myiqlï ndOdjlska f;drj iemfhk wdldrfha wd¾Ól l%uhla wm ia:dms; l< hq;=hs' fï i|yd iïm%odhsl kS;sÍ;sj, fjkila úh hq;=hs' f;dr;=re ikaksfõok m%fõYh mq¿,a úh hq;=hs' iuia; rdcH fiajhu ksIamdok wd¾Ól l%shdj,sfha myiqlï imhkakd ñi" th wjysr lrkak fkdùh hq;=hs' 4'8 - úfoaY úksuh bmhSï wNsfhda.h .re l:dkdhl;=uks" úfoaY ixÑ;" úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;sl yeisrùu" iy rfÜ mj;akd Kh w¾nqoh ms<sn|j hula i|yka lsÍu jeo.;a hehs ud l,amkd l<d' úfoaY ixÑ; l%u l%ufhka yelsf,ñka mj;sk nj;a" remshf,a w.h ks;r by< my< hk nj;a" úfoaY úksuh Ndú;h ms<sn|j hï hï iSudjka mekùug isÿjqKq nj;a wms rch úÈyg ms<s.kakjd' 13 .re l:dkdhl;=uks" ixpdrl jHdmdrh u`.ska wm jirlg Wmhd.;a tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ ì,shk mylg wdikak uqo, miq.sh jir follg wdikak ld,h ;=< rg ;=,g .,df.k wdfõ keye' iDcq úfoaY wdfhdack m%udKj;a wdldrhg rg ;=<g .,df.k wdfõ keye' úfoaY /lshdj,ska wm ck;dj Wmhd .kakd wdodhï iSud jqKd' foaYSh jYfhkq;a wdodhï Wmhd .ekSug ;snQ ud¾. fndfyduhla ì| jeà ;sfnkjd' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" fuu wmkhk wdodhï yd wdkhk úhoï mr;rh wfma rfÜ cd;sl wNsfhda.hlg jvd oYl .Kkdjla ;=< fkdúi÷Kq tfy;a" fndfyda úg hg.sh wd¾Ól .eg¿jla njg m;aj ;sfnkjd' 2018 olajd jQ oYlh ;=< ixpdrl wdodhï by< hdu" úfoaY /lshdj,ska wfma rfÜ ck;dj imhd fokq ,enQ by< úfoaY úksuh ;=< wdkhk úhoï mshjd .ekSu ñi ÈhqKq jk ueÈ wdodhï rgla we;slr .; hq;= NdKav yd fiajd wmkhk w;sßla;hla we;slr .ekSug wfmdfydi;a ù ;sfnkjd' 4'9 - rdcH Kh m%idrKh .re l:dkdhl;=uks" jirla mdid wjqreÿ .Kkdjla ;=< bÈßhg f.k .sh whjeh ysÕhka ksid wm rfÜ Kh ord.; fkdyels muKg jeä jqKd' th cd;sl wdodhfuka ishhg ishhla olajd m%:u jrg by< .sfha 1988- 89 rg mqrd mej;s ;%ia;jd§ l%shdjka ksihs' 1998 isg 2004 olajd o th jßka jr ishhg ishh blaujQjd' thska lshfjkafka uq¿ wdodhug iudk f,i kej; Kh ù we;s njhs' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" kuq;a jir 2014 jk úg uyskao rdcmlaI ckdêm;s;=ud" miq.sh rchg rg ndrfok wjia:dfõ" rfÜ iuia; Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk 7"487la' th o< foaYSh ksIamdos;hg wkqmd;slhla f,i 72'3] jqKd' j;auka ckdêm;s;=ud 2019 jif¾ w. n,hg m;ajk úg th remsh,a ì,shk 13"032 la olajd jeä fj,d ;snqKd' th ;uhs hymd,k rcfha Kh ueùfï iajNdjh' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" whjefha jeäu úhou ù ;sfnkafka whjefhka fjkalrk jeäu úhoï YS¾Ih$ ldKavh rch úáka úg ,nd .;a Kh i|yd f.jk fmd<S úhouhs' fuhg wu;rj Kh jdßl wdmiq 14 f.ùu;a l< hq;=hs' foaYSh b;sßlsÍï yd nexl=j,ska rch .kq ,nk Kh by< f.dia we;s ksid ck;djf.a b;sßlsÍï Tjqkaf.a wjYH;djkag ,nd.ekSu iSud jqKd' fmd<S wkqmd; by< .shd' tfukau" iuia; Kh m%udKfhka ishhg mkylg lsÜgq m%udKhla úfoaY Kh' úksuh wkqmd;h wjm%udKh jk iEu remsh,lgu whjeh u`.ska remsh,a ì,shk 50 la Kh f.ùï i|yd uqo,a fh§ug isÿ ù ;sfnkjd' tu ksid" úksuh fj<`ofmd<" uQ,H yd nexl= lghq;=" fmd<S yd úfoaY úksuh wkqmd; tlsfklg n,mEï lrñka whjeh l<ukdlrKh;a" nexl= yd uQ,H l<ukdlrKh;a ixlS¾K lr we;s nj wm wjfndaO lr.; hq;= m%Odk wysfhda.hla' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" wms ms<s.kakjd fldúâ jix.;h yuqfõ ish ̈ wdodhï ud¾. yels,S ;sfnk wjia:djl rdcH uQ,H lghq;= u; oeä n,mEula t,a,jk nj' fldúâ jix.;h uev meje;aùug;a" rdcH fiajd wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hdug;a" rdcH fiajl iy úY%du jegqma ksis fj,djg f.ùug;a" Kh jdßl yd fmd,S ksis mßÈ f.ùug;a" wdodhï ud¾. wysñ jQ mjq,aj,g iyk ie,iSu we;=¿ wfkl=;a iykdOdr f.ùug;a úYd, úhoula oeÍug isÿ fjkjd' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" ta jf.au" fï ld,iSudj ;=< fvd,¾ ì,shk foll jákdlulska hq;a cd;Hka;r iaffjÍ neÿïlr folla f.jd wjika fldg rfÜ Kh fiajdlrK yelshdj ms<sn`oj cd;Hka;r úYajdih wms ;yjqre l<d' wfma nexl= moaO;sh wms wdrlaId l<d' iq¿ yd udOH mßudK l¾udka;lrejkag wjYH iyk ie,iSug remsh,a ì,shk 300 l iyk fmd,shla hgf;a ldrl m%d.aOk myiqlï ,nd ÿkakd' Kh yd ,sisx .dia;= wh lsÍu w;aysgqùu u`.ska fm!oa.,sl wxYh wdrlaId lsÍug remsh,a ì,shk 700 la muK fhdojd iyk ie,iqjd' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" tmuKla fkdfõ" 2018 wfma%,a udifha isg 2019 cq,s 15 olajd jQ udi 15 la we;=<; miq.sh rch ,nd.;a tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ ì,shk 6'9 l úYd, Kh uqo,la f.ùfï j.lSu;a wm rch fj; mejÍ ;sfnk nj fuu .re iNdjg u;la lrkak leu;shs' 4'10 - úfoaY ixÑ; l<ukdlrKh ksoyiska miq iEu rchla u úfoaY ixÑ; l<ukdlrKfha § bÈß oelaula we;sj lghq;= lr fkdue;s nj 1970$71 whjeh l;dj bÈßm;a lrñka uqo,a wud;H wdpd¾h tka'tï'fmf¾rd b;d .eUqßka ú.%yhla lr ;sfnkjd' tu whjeh l;dfõ msgq wxl 5-15 olajd lr we;s ú.%yh fuu W;a;Í;r iNdfõ wjOdkhg fhduq lrkjd' t;=ud mjik 15 mßÈ wdrïNfha isgu úfoaY úksuh ixÑ; f.dvke.Su fjkqjg wdkhk i|yd fhduqùu ;=, úfoaY úksuh w¾nqohla we;s lrf.k cd;Hka;r uq,H wruqof,a (IMF) msysg me;Sug fhduq ùuhs' 1961 m%:u IMF Kh jevigyfka isg" fuu l%shdud¾.hg iEu rchla u mdfya m%fõYùu ksid rfÜ flá ld,Sk IMF jevigyka ñi" È.= ld,Sk jevms<sfj<lg m%fõYùug wmf.a kdhlhska yd uq,H wxYfha n,OdÍka iu;aù keye' w;s.re f.daGdNh rdcmlaI ckdêm;s;=ukaf.a rch úfoaY úksuh ixÑ;j,g wu;rj ixÑ; /ila f.dvk`.d .ekSug wfmalaId lrkjd' bka m%:u ixÑ;h iajNdjO¾u úiska wmg odhdo lr we;s N=ñh" c,h" mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;sh u`.ska f.dv ke`.sh yels c,h" wdydr yd n,Yla;s ixÑ;hhs' 4'11 - wmkhk j¾Ok yelshdjka m%udKj;a f,i y÷kd.ekSu .re l:dkdhl;=uks" úfoaY úksuh Wmhd .ekSu i|yd wm w ̈;a m%fõYhka lrd fhduqúh hq;=hs' th cd;Hka;r Kh ,nd.ekSfuka úi|d.; yels tlla fkdfõ' tu ksid wm úfoaY úksuh Wmhd .ekSu i|yd fjf<| NdKav wmkhkh ffO¾hu;a lsÍu i|yd jk iqúfYaIS jevms<sfj<la wkq.ukh l< hq;=hs ' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" frÈ ms<s iy weÕ ¿ ï" ue ‚ la iy iaj¾KdNrK" rn¾ iy rn¾ wdY%s; ksIamdok fukau" w.h tl;= l< f;a" fmd,a iy fmd,a wdY%s; ksIamdok" uiqka iy uiqka wdY%s; ksIamdok" l= ¿ nvq" ieliqï lrk ,o wdydr" m,;=re iy îu j¾." úis;=re u,a iy me< j¾." bf,laá%l,a iy bf,lafg%dksl ksIamdok" fndaÜgq ksIamdokh iy bxðfkare ksIamdok iy fiajd wmkhk jeks wxY flfrys wfma wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= nj ud úYajdi lrkjd' 4'12 - Kh fkdjk ud¾.j,g m%udKj;a wjOdkhla fhduq fkdlsÍu .re l:dkdhl;=uks" wdkhk wmkhk fj<| ysÕh (Trade Deficit) mshjd .ekSu i|yd fiajd wxYfha odhl;ajh mq¿,a jYfhka ,nd .ekSug;a" wm wfmalaId lrkjd' fiajd wmkhkh Èßu;a lsÍu i|yd úfYaI jevms<sfj<la wm ilia l< hq;= fjkjd' úfYaIfhkau ixpdrl jHdmdrh hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu" f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh mq¿,a lsÍu" jHdmdr l%shdj,sh ndysrlrKh (Business Process Outsourcing) i|yd we;s wjia:djka m%j¾Okh lsÍu" jrdh iy .=jka f;dgqm< wdY%s; fiajdjka ixj¾Okh l< hq;= fjkjd' ta ms<sn|j fuu whjefha § úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq lr ;sfnkjd' 16 4'13 - wdkhk wdfoaYk mq¿,a lsÍfï jeo.;alï .re l:dkdhl;=uks" wm §¾> ld,hla ;siafia wdkhk wdfoaYk l¾udka; m%j¾Okh lsÍu iïnkaOfhka w;aoelSï nyq, rgla" iuyr wxYj,ska wm id¾:l jQjd fiau" rdcH m%;sm;a;sh iuÕ we;s jQ fkd.e<mSu ksid wid¾:l jQ wjia:djka o ke;=jd fkdfõ' — fi!Nd.Hfha oelau ̃ ;=< wdkhk wdfoaYk f,i y÷kd.;a lDIs l¾udka; yd ld¾ñl NdKav ksIamdokh i|yd mq¿,a bvlvla ks¾udKh lr ;sfnkjd' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" yß; wd¾Ólhla i|yd w;s.re ckdêm;s;=ud Èh;a lr we;s ldnksl fmdfydr ksIamdok l¾udka;" mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;sh ksmoùu" lsß" iSks" T!IO ksIamdok wm rfÜ m%n, wdkhk wdfoaYk l¾udka; njg m;a l< hq;=hs' tu`.ska we;s jk úfoaY úksuh b;sßh ;=<ska foaYSh wdodhï W;amdokh lr .ekSfï wjia:djka jvd;a Yla;su;a lsÍu i|yd jQ jevms<sfj<la ms<sn|j wmf.a wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= fjkjd' tu`.ska" úfoaYj,g .,dhk úYd, uqo,la furg f.dúhdg" l¾uka;lrejdg iy tu lafIa;%j, fiajh lrk msßia fj; .,d hEug bvlv i,id Èh yelshs' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" tmuKla fkdj" kj fiajd kshqla;s bvlvla fuu`.ska ks¾udKh lr.; yelshs' kuq;a" l%shd;aul ;,fha §" fuh" wm uqyqKfok ;SrKd;aul wNsfhda.hla' 4'14 - úfoaY iDcq wdfhdack Èß.ekaùfï l%ufõofha we;s iSudlï .re l:dkdhl;=uks" úfoaY iDcq wdfhdack furgg wdl¾IKh lr .ekSu ms<sn`o wmf.a w;aoelSu oYl 3 lg;a jvd jeähs' kuq;a" th yeu úgu wNsfhda.d;aul jqKd' ksoyia fj<`o l,dm yd fjk;a Wmdh ud¾.sl wdfhdack f,i tajd furgg .,df.k wdjd' kuq;a" wm wfmalaId l< uÜgug th m%idrKh lr .ekSug yelshdj ,enqfKa keye' miq.sh jir tl yudr ;=< hï m%.;shla úfoaY iDcq wdfhdack iïnkaOfhka ,nd .ekSug wmg yelshdj ,enqKd' fï jk úg tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ ñ,shk 1076 l muK wdfhdack jHdmD;s wdrïN lr ;sfnkjd' 17 .re l:dkdhl;=uks" wjdikdjlg" wdfhdackhla hkq l=ula o @ úlsŒula hkq l=ula o @ ta i|yd wkq.ukh l< hq;= l%ufõo ljrla o @ hk j." wm iudcfha we;eï fldgia iy iuyr foaYmd,k lKavdhï iu`. ixjdohla we;s lr ksjerÈj f;areï .; hq;= fjkjd' 4'15 - fmdÿ iudc yd wd¾Ól .eg¿ .re l:dkdhl;=uks" W!k fiajd kshqla;sh" ú/lshdj" ÿmam;alu" ukaofmdaIKh" wm iudch §¾> ld,hla ;siafia uqyqKfok .eg¿' fïjd úi`§u i|yd ksoyiska miq n,hg m;ajQ iEu rchla u úúO W;aidyhka ord ;sfnkjd' kuq;a" tajdfha m%;sM, t;rï i;=gqodhl keye' ta ksid" wo jk úg;a iuDoaê m%;s,dN ,nk mjq,a /l n,d.; hq;= fjkjd' fuh ck.ykfhka 23] lg wdikak m%udKhla' 2021 jif¾ muKla" rcfha mqkrdj¾;k úhoñka 20] muK iudc iqnidOk úhoï f,i oeÍug isÿ jqKd' fï w;r ck.yk ixhq;sh ;=< jeäysá ck.ykfha m%;sY;h by< hdu bÈß oYlh ;=< wm uqyqK fok wNsfhda.hla' 4'16 - wdydr iqrlaIs;;djh ;yjqre lsÍfï jeo.;alu .re l:dkdhl;=uks" wdydr iqrlaIs;;djh f,i i,lkafka" úfYaI ndOdjlska f;drj rfÜ ish ̈ mqrjeishkag iqrlaIs;" fmdaIHodhs wdydr ia:djrj imhd .ekSfï wjia:dj Wodlr §uhs' mjq,la wyßka iqrlaIs; jkafka" tys idudðlhka l=i.skafkka fyda l=i.sks ìfhka ðj;a fkdjkjd kï muKhs' fldúâ jix.;h;a iu`. fmrg jvd wm rfÜ wdydr iqrlaIs;djh ms<sn`o ie,ls,su;a jqKd' wdydr wkdrlaIs;Ndjhg f.dÿreù we;s msßila wm w;r isàu thg fya;=jhs' úfYaIfhkau" wúêu;a wdodhï ,nk mqoa.,hska" wdodhï ud¾. fj; fhduq ùfï yelshdjka ke;s mqoa.,hska yd iïmQ¾Kfhka u fj<|fmd< ñ, § .ekSï u; hefmk m%cdj fï w;ßka úfYaIhs' 4'17 - wd¾Ólhg nrla j we;s rdcH jHjidh .re l:dkdhl;=uks" wfma rfÜ" rdcH jHjidhka wdikak jYfhka 300 la muK ;sfnkjd' tu wdh;k" úúO ksIamdok iy fiajd iemhqï lghq;=j, ksr; ù isákjd' tu rdcH jHjidhka fj; rch 18 úiska lr we;s wdfhdackh remsh,a ì,shk 670 lg wêlhs' Bg wu;rj" tajd kv;a;= lsÍug remsh,a ì,shk 75 la muK jd¾Islj jeh lrkjd' fï w;ßka wdh;k jeä m%udKhla rch úiska lr we;s wdfhdack fjkqfjka m%;s,dN ,nd §ula lrkafka keye' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" ud fuf;la fj,d meyeÈ,s lsÍug W;aidy lf<a fï fudfyd;g wod<j wm rg yuqfõ mj;sk iudc wd¾Ól ;;a;ajhkays úúO uqyqKqjrhs' 5'0 - m%;sm;a;s iïmsKavkh .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 5'1 wm yuqfõ we;s wNsfhda." ta wNsfhda. ch .ekSu i|yd rgla f,i wm i;= Yla;Ska ms<sn|j ud l;d l<d' fuu wNsfhda.j,g id¾:lj uqyqK §u i|yd rgla ixj¾Okh lsÍfï jevms<sfjf<a §" Ndú; l< hq;= fuj,ï ksjerÈj l<ukdlrKh lsÍu i|yd wkq.ukh flfrk uQ,O¾u" ud¾f.damfoaY yd kS;sÍ;s hkd§ uQ,sl m%;sm;a;s fudkjdoehs fï W;a;Í;r iNdj yuqfõ ;eîu uf.a j.lSula' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 5'2 kdhl;ajh .ek l;d lsÍfï § " — kdhlhd wkq.dñlhkaf.a bÈßfhkq;a" úfgl wkq.dñlhska iuÕ;a" ;j;a úfgl wkq.dñlhkag msgqmiskq;a isáh hq;= nj lshefjkjd' kdhlhd fld;ekl isáh;a" lem ù" ffO¾hh iïmkakj b,lal ch .ekSfï fmdÿ mrud¾:fhka wjxlj jev l< hq;=hs ̃ f.daG dNh rdcmlaI ue;s;=uka ckdêm;s Oqrhg m;a jQ fudfydf;a isgu fulS wdo¾Yh Wmßufhka wkq.ukh l<d' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 5'3 whjeh fhdackd ,nd .ekSu i|yd isria w;g iy ;sria w;g úysÿKq ish ̈ lKavdhï iuÕ wms idlÉPd l<d' ish ̈ ck udOH yd iudc udOH fukau úúO md¾Yajhka úiska bÈßm;a l< woyia fhdackdj,g weyqïlka ÿkakd' tajdhska" fï wjia:dfõ l< yels foa" lsÍug wmyiq foa" bÈßfha § l< yels foa fjka lr .;a;d' ta wkqj" fmdÿ m%;sm;a;s ud,djla wm úiska ilia l<d' tu fmdÿ m%;sm;a;s ud,dj Tiafia jev lsÍfï §" flá ld,Sk hï hï wmyiq;d we;s jqj;a" ueÈ yd §¾> ld,Sk mrud¾:h hym;a kï" ta i|yd wähla msgqmig ;nd fyda h:d¾:h f;areï .ekSu wm ldf.a;a fmdÿ j.lSula' 19 .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 2022 whjeh ieliSfï §" —fi!Nd.Hfha oelau ̃ cd;sl m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh mßmQ¾K jYfhka ie,ls,a,g .;a nj isysm;a lrkakg leu;shs' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" rcfha M,odhs fkdjk wêl úhoï yd úhoï md,kfha ÿ¾j,;d ksid fndfyda rchkaj,g úhoï l<ukdlrKh lr .ekSug fkdyels ù ;sfnkjd' tA ksid" rcfha wdodhï m%udKj;a fkdfõ hehs i,ld nÿ wkqmd; jeä lsÍug;a" úúO nÿ y÷kajd §ug;a iEu rchla u mdfya lghq;= lr ;sfnkjd' tu`.ska isÿ jkafka nÿ f.jkakkaf.a wdodhfuka fldgila rchg ,nd .ekSu ñi" iuia; fm!oa.,sl yd rcfha wdodhï jeä lsÍula fkdfjhs' tA ksid rfÜ" iuia; wdodhu jeäjk mßÈ b;sß lsÍï yd wdfhdack f.dvkef.k jHqyd;aul fjkila we;sjk jHdmdßl mßirhla f.dvkef.k mßÈ rdcH whjeh m%;sm;a;s ilia úh hq;= fjkjd' 5'4 fï wkqj úhoï l<ukdlrKh fjkqfjka ud fhdackd lsysmhla fï W;a;Í;r iNdjg bÈßm;a lsÍug leu;shs' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 5'4'1 bka m<uqjekak" md¾,sfïka;=j úiska jd¾Isl úi¾ck mk; wkqu; lsÍfuka miq uqo,a wud;Hjrhd rdcH wdh;kj,g úhoï lsÍug uq¿ j¾Ih i`oyd fokq ,nk újD; n,h (Annual Warrant) ñka bÈßhg ld¾;=fjka ld¾;=jg (Quarterly Warrant) ksl=;a lsÍug fhdackd lrkjd' fï wkQj n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka iEu rdcH wdh;khla u ;ukaf.a m%iïmdok ie,iqï" jegqma yd §ukd" Kh fiajd" ixj¾Ok yd kv;a;= úhoï l,ska ie,iqï lr" wod< m%;smdok Ndú;d lsÍfï uQ,H úkhla ia:dms; lsÍuhs' iEu úhoï tAllhlau wdh;k m%OdkSka úiska ish wruqKq j,g wkql=,j j.lSï md,kh lsÍu (Commitment Control) " m%iïmdok l%shdj,sh fufyhùu wksjd¾h flfrkq ,nkjd' 5'4'2 rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh ilia lsÍfï uf.a fojk m%uqL;ajh jkafka" wfma rfÜ nyq;rh b;sß lsÍfï ixiaalD;shlg fhduq lsÍuhs' rfÜ iEu jeisfhl=u" jev lrk ck;dj fukau" by< wdodhï ,nk mqoa.,hska yd jHdmdßlhska ;ukag yels mu‚ka b;sß lsÍug yd tu`.ska wdfhdack Odß;dj mq ¿ ,a lsÍug wjYH mßirh ilia lsÍuhs' tksid" rdcH jHdmdr i|yd fokq ,nk mqkrdj¾;k úhoï fjkqjg 20 m%d.aOk wdOdr jYfhka ,nd § Tjqka rcfha fyda fm!oa.,sl bÈlsÍï yd fiajdjkaj, ksr; ù wdodhï Wmojd .ekSug bvlv ie,eiaùug fhdackd lrkjd' 5'4'3 ;jo ish ̈ rdcH jHjidhkays jHdmdr keUqrej iy uQ,H úkh (Business Focus And Financial Discipline) ;;ald,Sk ks¾Kdhl u; mokïj j¾Okh lsÍu iy cd;sl wd¾Ólhg nrlaj mj;sk" wLKavj mdvq ,nk iy W!k Wmfhdack rdcH jHjidhka flfrys úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq lrñka" tAjdfha uQ,H úkh iy jHdmdr keUqrej by< kexùu i|yd jk Wmdh ud¾.sl jevms<sfj<la" nyqúO WmfoaYk lñgqjla u`.ska ksYaÑ; ld, rduqjla ;=< l%shd;aul lsÍug fhdackd lrkjd' 5'4'4 tfukau" fuu rdcH yd w¾O rdcH wdh;k i;= úYd, m%udKhl j;alï W!k Wmfhdackh fjñka mj;skjd' fuu j;alï mQ¾K Wmfhdackhlg ,la lsÍug wjYH l%shdud¾. läkñka .ekSug ud fhdackd lrkjd' tA i`oyd" uf.a ifydaor wud;Hjreka" Tjqkaf.a wud;HdxY f,alïjreka yd wdh;k m%OdkSka tA i`oyd wjYH kdhl;ajh fokq we;ehs ud wfmalaId lrkjd' oekg bÈfjñka mj;sk ld¾hd, f.dvke.s,s yer" kj ld¾hd, myiqlï bÈlsÍu jir follg w;aysgqùug ud fhdackd lrkjd' mj;sk ld¾hd, myiqlï jvd M,odhs f,i mßyrKh lrñka fjka lr we;s m%d.aOk ck;d m%;s,dN iDcqj ,efnk ixj¾Ok lghq;= i`oyd fhdod.ekSu wjYH fjkjd' tfukau iEu wud;HdYhlau 2022 j¾Ih ;=< mßmQrl weia;fïka;= b,a,Sfuka j<lajk ixfYdaOk o úi¾ck mk;g we;=<;a lsÍug ud fhdackd lrkjd' 5'4'5 cd;sl b;sß lsÍïj,g fhduq lsÍfï § rdcH wxYh o thg odhl úh hq;= hehs ud ;rfha úYajdi lrkjd' fuys § mqkrdj¾;k úhoï wvq lr.ekSu;a wjYHhs' tneúka" .re wud;Hjreka yd rdcH ks,OdÍkag fokq ,nk bkaOk §ukd uilg ,Sg¾ 5 lska wvq lsÍug;a" rdcH wdh;kj, ÿrl:k úhou ishhg 25 lska lmd yeÍug;a" úÿ,s wjYH;d iQ¾h n,Yla;sfhka ,nd .ekSu Èß.kajkq jia úÿ,sn, m%;smdok ishhg 10 lska wvq lsÍug;a fhdackd lrkjd' fuu lghq;=j,g iu.dój kd.ßl fiajd ia:dkj, fiajlhska .%dóh m%foaYj,g fhduq lsÍug o wud;HdxY f,alïjreka yd wdh;k m%OdkSka lghq;= l< hq;= fjkjd' .re l:dkdhl;=uks" 5'4'6 oekg" md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrfhl=g úY%du jegqmla ,eîug kï" wLKavj jir 05 la md¾,sfïka;=j ksfhdackh lsÍu m%udKj;a' tu jir 05 l ld,h" jir 10 la olajd §¾> lsÍug ud fhdackd lrkjd' fuu fhdackdj tAldnoaO wruqof,ka jegqma