PRELIMS Is the sum of the symbols, ideas, forms of expressions and materials products associated with a social system Is derived from the latin word cultus which means "care" - a care and attention provided to a human person as he grows into a mature person Is a design, recipe or roadmap, for living that guides the behavior of members of society A very powerful force that affects the lives of the member of a society CULTURE MATERIAL CULTURE. Refers to the concrete and tangible things that man creates and uses. This includes dwelling units, tools, weapons, clothings, books, machine, artifacts relic, fossils etc. - things that man creates by altering the natural environment. NON - MATERIAL CULTURE Refers to non - material things or intangible objects which the person uses, follows, professes, or strives to conform. It includes knowledge ,laws, lifestyles, techniques, ideas, customs, behaviors, among others. This kind of culture is the area of sociological study. KIND OF CULTURE superstitious beliefs are not based on scientific evidences. ○ These are man's perception about the reality of things and shared ideas about how the environment operates. Man's evolution, attitudes, values, ideology, and religion may influence man's belief. ○ BELIEFS. NON MATERIAL CULTURE PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE Knowledge is a body of facts and beliefs that people acquire and accumulate over time. It consists of information about places, events, and people. It binds or links individuals in a society. ○ knowledge maybe natural, supernatural, technical and magical.) ○ KNOWLEDGE. These are guides or models of behavior which tell how people should behave in a particular situations; what people ought or not ought to do. They set limits by which individuals achieve their goals. ○ They regulate people's behavior in a given society; a societal perception on how one is to act in a given situations - for example in any sport, restaurant, church, recreational center, etc ○ Norms are usually in the form of rules, standards or prescriptions and socially shared expectations. ○ MORES. These are norms associated with strong ideas of right and wrong. Mores are standards of conduct that are highly respected and valued by the group and their fulfillment is felt to be necessary and vital group welfare A. FOLKWAYS These are norms that are simply customary, normal, habitual ways a group does things. These customary ways are accumulated and become repetitive patterns of expected behavior, which tends to become permanent traditions. B. forms of norms ○ NORMS. PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE(CULTURE) Page 1 Sanctions are prescribed norms of conduct exposed by society to an individual for him to conform to moral standards and accepts those that are favorable to a group. Formal sanctions are prescribed norms of conduct that are written guide for individuals to conform with. ○ Informal sanctions are those prescribed norms of conduct which are transmitted by word of mouth from one person or group to another. ○ Whether formal or non - formal, sanctions always imposed rewards to those who observe the norms of conduct and punish those whose violate the norms of conduct. ○ SANCTIONS Perhaps, the most defining characteristics of human being is the ability to develop and use highly complex system of symbols like language ○ LANGUAGE. They are shared ideas about desirable goals. They are the person's ideas about worth and desirability or an abstract of what is important and worthwhile. ○ VALUES. Culture is not instinctive nor part or biological equipment of man. It is acquired through the senses and experiences from the neighbors, family, playmates, schools, churches, and other agents of socialization. ○ CULTURE IS LEARNED AND ACQUIRED To continuously preserve culture, it is best to share to other people or to transmit it to the next generation, or else it will die a natural death. ○ CULTURED IS SHARED AND TRANSMITTED Culture is always changing. New ideas, procedures, and techniques are added, modified or discarded. People must be prepared and ready to conform to these changes . ○ CULTURE IS ADAPTIVE OR DYNAMIC Certain features of culture have been retained today and they modified and innovated to make them new and update. ○ CULTURE IS CUMULATIVE. Culture is ideal pattern of behavior which the members are expected to follow. Thus, the members of society see society from the standpoint of culture. ○ CULTURE IS IDEATIONAL Cultures continues to exist if it satisfies human needs biologically and psychologically. An individual is likely to follow and observe cultural techniques that satisfy his needs. ○ CULTURE GRATIFIES HUMAN NEEDS. Culture is a group product developed by many individuals interacting in a group. The habits and knowledge of the members in a group is shared by the other members. ○ CULTURAL IS SOCIAL By integration, it means that there is a tendency for individuals to fully appreciate those elements in culture that are best for them and these are very often integrated in their personality and become a part of their behavior. ○ CULTURAL IS INTEGRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE PRELIMS PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE(CULTURE) Page 2 PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE PRELIMS It serves as a distinguishing mark of one group of people to another. ○ IT SERVES AS THE TRADEMARK OF THE PEOPLE IN A SOCIETY. There is no society that does not have a culture. Through culture, the existence of the members of a society becomes more meaningful and purposive ○ IT GIVES MEANING TO MAN'S EXISTENCE. Each individual behavior that is brought into the society is unified and coordinated with other individual's behavior. ○ CULTURE UNIFIES DIVERSE BEHAVIOR. It develops loyalty and devotion for a common national pride. ○ CULTURE PROVIDES SOCIAL SOLIDARITY. Despite differences among individuals, there is only one social personality that is produced in society. ○ CULTURE ESTABLISHES SOCIAL PERSONALITY. Individuals are governed by culture. Each culture consists of one norm as basis for all individuals to observe. ○ CULTURE PROVIDES SYSTEMATIC BEHAVIORAL PARTTERN. Since knowledge and ideas are internalized by the members of a particular society, the culture of the members can be the basis of predicting the behavior of the members in the society ○ CULTURE PREDICTS SOCIAL BEHAVIOR The existing culture of the people in a certain society could be the basis of judging the kind of social structure existing in the society . ○ CULTURE PROVIDES SOCIAL STRUCTURE CATEGORY. FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE Children and adults alike have the tendency to imitate the values, attitudes, language and all other things in their social environment. ○ IMITATION. This may take the form of formal training or informal training. Formally, the person learns from school. Informally, he may acquire those behaviors from listening or watching, reading, attending training activities or through interaction. ○ INDOCTRINATION OR SUGGESTION The values and attitudes of other people acquired through conditioning. This conditioning can be reinforced through reward and punishment. ○ CONDITIONING. MODES OF ACQUIRING CULTURE The same culture may take place in two or more different places. For example, the domestication of dogs, cats, pig and other animals may have semblance in other places. ○ PARALLELISM. This refers to those behavioral patterns that pass back and forth from one culture to another. Examples are food and eating practices, marriage and wedding ceremonies, burial ritual, feast celebration. ○ DIFFUSION. When two or more culture are fused or merged into one culture making it different from the original culture. ○ CONVERGENCE When people break away from their original culture and start developing a different culture of their own ○ FISSION. Individuals incorporate the behavioral patterns of other culture into their own either voluntary or by force. ○ ACCULTURATION. When the culture of a larger society is adopted by a smaller society , that small society assumes some of culture of the larger or host of society ○ ASSIMILATION. When the larger society and smaller society are able to respect and tolerate each other's culture even if there is a prolonged contact of each other's culture ○ ACCOMODATION. ADAPTATION OF CULTURE PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE(CULTURE) Page 3 PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE PRELIMS FILIPINO CULTURAL VALUES When an individual is confronted with a problem or difficulty, everybody shares the burden of helping the person who is in need of assistance ○ Examples: sharing in the expenses during an emergency or times of needs, pooling a common fund from which the members borrow for their needs; giving reliefs in the form of cash or kind to a person struck by calamities ○ "BALIKATAN" SYSTEM A certain task is effectively and Easily completed if everybody shares his time, effort and money to expedite the completion of a task. ○ Example: Transferring the whole nipa hut to another place is done by bayanihan way; digging a drainage canal by the barangay people; cleaning the area for the putting up a basketball court ○ "BAYANIHAN" SYSTEM This is a positive way of yielding to the groups's unanimous of majority's decision so as to complete a task. Without it, there would be disunity in the group. To get along well with the group, even with some important commitment is "magaling makisama " ○ "PAKIKISAMA" CONFORMITY POSITIVE OR ACCEPTABLE CULTURAL VALUES AND PRACTICES This is value based on good relationship with people. SIR is characterized by the use of go - between and euphemism. The use "go - between" necessitates the hiring of a third party to act as a "bridge" or referee to assuage a bruise, heal a "wound" in his relations with people whose good will is important. ○ Examples: act as middleman to an embarrassing request as a loan, a complaint or to avoid " hiya" or a face - to - face confrontation. ○ SMOOTH INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP (SIR) This is sympathetic attitude to another person and it is emphasized by the statement "di ka nag - iisa". This is often practiced among friends, neighbors, distant relatives and among barrio mates and town mates. In times of grief or distress or even the death of a person, the bereaved family is extended a condolence by other individuals. ○ "PAKIKIRAMAY" The closeness of family ties is usually extended to ritual kinship to include "ninong" and "ninang". These sponsors to a baptismal, confirmation, or wedding ceremonies are usually prominent people in the community. ○ "COMPADRE OR COMADRE" SYSTEM One aspect of this is in gif - giving, that is, when a gift is given, it is "utang na loob" of the recipient. ○ "UTANG NA LOOB" OR THE SENSE OF GRATITUDE. Every Filipino family wants to succeed and for the children to be successful in their aspirations. Parents feel that education can bring success to their children as if it is the only legacy they can give to them ○ DESIRE FOR SOCIO - ECONOMIC IMPROVEMENT PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE(CULTURE) Page 4 This value is done by people welcoming visitors with warmth and enthusiasm at home or by inviting them to visit their homes or wherever circumstances warrant. Hospitality can promote goodwill and cooperation ○ HOSPITALITY VALUE Celebration can serve every important purposes. It strengthens family loyalty and unity; it serves to acquire new friends and allies; may heal individual's animosity and misunderstanding; may serve to strengthen the power structure; may serve to display the affluence of the host. ○ On the other hand, fiesta celebration has negative effects when the host incur so much debt that could hardly repay. ○ FIESTA CELEBRATION. A Filipino trait of giving highest importance to the family above other things. A trait wherein family members should be taken care and supported regardless of whether he/she did something wrong, a family member must be given and should not be abandoned. ○ FAMILISM OR CLOSE FAMILY RELATIONS. A trait found in most Filipinos, a trait that makes them unique that even in times of calamities and other challenges in life, they always have something to be happy about , a reason to celebrate. ○ FUN LOVING TRAIT A Filipino trait of being sympathetic to other even if the person is a stranger. An example of this is giving alms to the beggars. This is observed when we hear Filipinos saying,"kawawa naman or nakakaawa naman" ○ COMPASSIONATE A Filipino trait of giving more priority or preference in giving favors to his proving mate before others. ○ REGIONALISM A trait found in most of Filipinos. They are sincere, loyal, kind and sociable people. ○ FRIENDLY PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE PRELIMS The ability of Filipinos to " ride - on" or adjust to the norms of the other group just to attain smooth harmonious relationship. ○ FLEXIBLE OR MAGALING MAKIBAGAY Most Filipinos posses strong conformance of their religious belief both in words and in deeds. ○ RELIGIOUS A Filipino Filipino trait of Being courteous both in words and deeds to other people. ○ RESPECT TO ELEDERS. A Filipino trait of being creative and resourceful. The ability to do things that are next to impossible. Example is Fixing appliances that look impossible to repair ○ RESOURCEFULNESS Filipinos are known for their tenancy and strong determination in every undertaking. ○ PATIENCE PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE(CULTURE) Page 5