Julian Löffler, Hippies; November 29, 2019 Hippies Origins/History: Term: - the term Hippie came from the word hip or hep, their origin is still uncertain. - It became part of the African American slang in the 1940s. - was a synonym for “sophisticated” (today it means “fully up to date”) -> later it became part of the young countercultural movement which developed to the known “Hippies” Origin: - 1968 a study of the Time magazine on hippie philosophy credited the foundation of the Hippie movement - the ideology can be traced back to the Indian culture and the ancient Greeks - sparked in the early 1900s by a German organization called “Wandervogel” - inspired by works of Friedrich Nietzsche 1958-1966: - novelist Ken Kesey spread a new lifestyle using drugs - 1961 first hippie fashion shop (in Hollywood) - 1965 Protests against the Vietnam war - 1965 development of the psychedelic rock scene (a new form of music), creating music under influence of psychedelic drugs - 1966 California banned LSD 1967: Summer of Love - a period of time, the hippie movement reached its highest point - June 16, 1967 the Monterey Pop Festival marked the start of the “Summer of Love” - Scott McKenzie’s “SanFrancisco” became a hit - founding of the term “Flower Children” - The Beatles released album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely-Hearts Club Band (which was quickly embraced by the hippie movement with its colorful psychedelic sonic imagery) - first misgivings about the hippie culture -> drug addictions 1967-1969: - 1968 hippie-influenced fashion became mainstream - 1968 development of new music genres: Heavy Metal and Reggae - August 15, 1969 Woodstock festival (Music and Art Festival in Bethel, New York) 1970: - under Attack of the upcoming Punks and Skinheads (new youth cultures) - hippie style had been integrated into mainstream American society - became a peace movement -> “make love not war” Ethos and characteristics: > "The Hippies: The Philosophy of a Subculture." Description of the guidelines of the hippie code: "Do your own thing, wherever you have to do it and whenever you want. Drop out. Leave society as you have known it. Leave it utterly. Blow the mind of every straight person you can reach. Turn them on, if not to drugs, then to beauty, love, honesty, fun." Main goals: - promote openness and tolerance - create alternatives to the restrictions and regimentation they saw in middle-class society - spread peace Art and Fashion: - creative posters for their psychedelic concerts - new fashion standards: beards, going barefoot, women going braless, bright colored clothing - psychedelic art Love and Sexuality: - sparked a sexual revolution - spread the term “Free love” - “if it feels good, do it!” -> openness Travel: - part of the culture - the idea of being free - Tramping as a main way to get around - “Hippie trail” a route through India, undertaken by hundreds of thousands of hippies between 1969 and 1971 Spirituality and religion: - rejection of “mainstream religions” - into Buddhism, Hinduism and Sufism or even witchcraft - interest in Hindu spirituality and yoga Politics - The peace symbol was developed in the UK as a logo for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament - participated in non-violent political demonstrations (Civil Rights Movement, marches on Washington D.C., anti-Vietnam War demonstrations and 1968 Democratic National Convention protests) Drugs: - used drugs like cannabis, LSD, mushrooms and DMT - established drug addictions Woodstock: - August 15–18, 1969 in Bethel, New York - major highlight of the hippie movement - music and art festival - the image spread by the popular documentary film “Woodstock” Some facts: - about 400.000 visitors - costs were about 2,7 million dollars (today up to 18 million US-$) - first unprofitable -> later very profitable, earning about 100 million dollars through merchandise - artists: Richie Havens, Sweetwater, Joan Baez (pregnant), Mountain, Jimi Hendrix - muddy and rainy - 5162 medical measures, 797 connected to drug abuse - first day they consumed about half a million Hamburgers and Hotdogs Today: - 2017 area appointed as a Cultural Monument - Woodstock II and Woodstock III - a lot of museums with the thematic Woodstock - unique festival, which could never be replicated Legacy: - assimilated into the mainstream culture - foundation of the awareness of environmentalism, sustainability, nonviolence and social justice concerns - new fashion ideals - sexual revolution, openness for all kind of sexual matters (homosexual, bisexual and transgender people) - new music genres - background culture for a lot of new festivals (for example the “Burning Man” festival in the desert of Nevada) - popular films (describing the hippie ethos and lifestyle include Woodstock, Easy Rider, Hair, The Doors, Across the Universe, Taking Woodstock, and Crumb)
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