FRONTIER CONFLICT AND THE NATIVE MOUNTED POLICE IN QUEENSLAND Member of the Qld Parliament [Role/status/position ] Label Member of the Qld Parliament Default Name Role/Status/Position Notes Tools Balfour, John Station owner (grazier/squatter);Member of the Qld Parliament Took up Colinton on the Brisbane River with his brothers Charles and Robert in 1841 and Fairnelaw (or Farrine Law, also Fairnie Law) by 1843 (later sold to Evan Mackenzie). Also took up leases at Cumkillenbar Station, Darling Downs, and Columba Station, Leichhardt, 1849 to 1862; Partner with GE Forbes in Colinton Station, 1854 to 1862. For more information, see https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio?id=1731079898. Bell, Joshua Peter Station owner (grazier/squatter);Member of the Qld Parliament Took over Jimbour station on the Darling Downs in 1848; also held Ballé on the Maranoa. For more information see http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bell-sir-joshua-peter-2969 and http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio?id=1858565022. Bigge, Francis Edward Station owner (grazier/squatter);Member of the NSW Parliament;Member of the Qld Parliament Along with his brother Frederick, he established and operated Mount Brisbane Station and Mount Esk Station, 1840 to 1849. Elective member of the Legislative Council of New South Wales, 1843 to 1856; Appointed to the Legislative Council of New South Wales, 1 September 1851 to 31 December 1852. For more information see: https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio?id=3772257526 And https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/members/formermembers/Pages/former-member-details.aspx? pk=494 Black, Maurice Hume Station owner (grazier/squatter);Member of the Qld Parliament Owner of the Eagle�eld run on the Suttor River and the Cedars sugar plantation near Mackay (http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/black-maurice-hume-3001). For more information, see: https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio?id=2600283805. Brown, Alfred Henry Member of the Qld Parliament;Station owner (grazier/squatter) Brother of Arthur, Walter and Henry Hort Brown. Member for Wide Bay. 'Acquired a cattle station on the north coast; Acquired Gin Gin Station on the Burnett River with his brother in 1851; Sole lessee, Gin Gin Station in 1869; Sold Gin Gin in 1875; Acquired Fairymead and Barolin stations in North Queensland; Owned Antigua sugar mill, Bundaberg' (http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio? id=3440542511). Gave evidence at the 1861 Inquiry into the NMP, and also the 1858 NSW inquiry Byrnes, Thomas Member of the Qld Parliament;Government employee/Public servant Was the Premier of Queensland from 13 April 1898 until 1 October 1898. Cameron, John Station owner (grazier/squatter);Member of the Qld Parliament Managed Roxburgh on the Dawson River in 1864 (Queensland Country Life 1 March 1904, p3). With William and James Crombie, took up and managed Barcaldine Downs and Home Creek on the Alice River also in 1864, Wilby near Aramac and then Vergemont, Minnie Downs, Mount Enniskillen, and Birkhead, as part of the �rm Allan and Partners, comprised of J. T. Allan, T. S. Mort, Herbert Garnett, William and James Crombie, and John Cameron. (Queenslander 5 June 1897, p1233) 'Career Jackaroo, New England, 1859; establish Barcaldine Downs, 1864; overseer of Alice Downs; Manager, Wilby property; Purchased Greenhills and Kensington Downs, 1877; Chairman, Moreheads Ltd; Chairman, Queensland Meat Export and Agency Co; Chairman, Alliance Insurance Co; Director, Queensland National Bank; President, Pastoral Employers' Association of Central and Northern Queensland, 1893 to 1908; President, United pastoral Association of Queensland, 1897 to 1908' (https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio?id=2780551928) 61 entries Associated individuals Name Role/Status/Position Notes Tools Compigné (also Compigne), Alfred William Station owner (grazier/squatter);Member of the Qld Parliament;Police Magistrate Uncle of Walter Compigné (NMP o�cer). Bought Nindooinbah run on the Logan River from Paul Lawless in 1846 (Daily Mail 16 December 1924, p20). Gave evidence at the 1861 inquiry into the NMP. 'Career. Pursued pastoral pursuits, 1846 to 1860; Operated Nindooinbah, Merry Jerry [also given as Murry Jerry in 1852 (Moreton Bay Courier 24 April 1852, p2)] and Dungongie [also given as Dungogie in 1852 (Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser 10 March 1852, p1)] stations [both in the Moreton District]; Joined the government service, 1870; Police magistrate, Gayndah, 1871 to 1872; Police magistrate, Tenningering, 1872 to 1874; Police magistrate, Blackall, 1875 to 1879; Police magistrate, Banana and Taroom, 1879 to 1883; Police magistrate, Beenleigh, 1883 to 1890; Police magistrate, Southport, 1890 to 1893' (https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio?id=3721397963) 'Mr. Compigne was of French extraction, and came of a family which escaped to England during the persecutions following upon the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. He was born as Gosport, England, on the 7th January, 1813, where his father was practising as an advocate, after having resigned a command in this army with which he had been serving in the wars against Napoleon. The subject of this notice came to Australia in the Honduris, a barque of 400 tons register, leaving England in November, 1838, and landing in Sydney on the 30th June, 1839. He brought letters of introduction to Sir George Gipps, the then Governor of New South Wales, and to Mr. Henry Lawson, of Sydney. His �rst colonial experience was gained on Mr. Lawson's holding, known as Veteran Hall, in the Parramatta district. He was given a commission in the military force by Governor Gipps, and served for three years in a Dragoon Regiment, having some exciting encounters both with bushrangers and belligerent blacks. For a time Mr. Compigne had the management of Coombooblecoombang station, owned by Mr. Lawson. Early in 1846 he decided upon coming to Queensland, and in August of that year set out from Carcoar, 40 miles beyond Bathurst, with 7000 sheep, a lot of pure merinos, some bullocks, and a large quantity of stores en route for Nindooimbah station, on the Logan, which he had acquired in partnership with a Mr. Jones. This journey covered some 850 miles, and was accomplished in six months. One of the party then with Mr. Compigne was Mr. "Paddy" O'Sullivan, father of the present Attorney General of Queensland. Mr. Compigne followed pastoral pursuits on the Logan for many years, and saw the sheep in that district gradually giving way to cattle. He was chosen a member of the �rst Legislative Council of Queens land in 1866, and held that position for several years before he resigned. In 1870 he joined the Government service, and was appointed police-magistrate at Gayndah. He subsequently �lled similar positions at Mount Perry, Blackall, Taroom, Banana, Beenleigh, and Southport. His service as a police-magistrate altogether extended over 24 years, and during that time, in addition to his regular duties, he was frequently called upon to act as clerk of petty sessions, gold�elds warden, registrar, and coroner. His record in these capacities was an enviable one, and he gained the highest respect and esteem from all with whom his duties brought him into contact. Of late years he had been living in Brisbane. On the 13th June, 1852, Mr. Compigne married the second daughter of the late Captain Collins, of Telemon station, who is still living. He also leaves a daughter, Mrs. Irvine, well known in Brisbane journalistic circles.' (Queensland Country Life 1 July 1909, p47). Cooper, Pope Alexander Lawyer;Judge;Member of the Qld Parliament;Attorney-General 'Cooper .... began to practise as a barrister at Brisbane in June 1874. He became a crown prosecutor in January 1879 and entered the Legislative Assembly of Queensland as member for Bowen. On 31 December 1880 he joined the �rst Thomas McIlwraith ministry as Attorney-General.[1] He resigned this position on 6 January 1883 when he was appointed as a supreme court judge for the northern district of Queensland. His travelling expenses caused some quarrels. In 1895 he became senior puisne judge at Brisbane, and on 21 October 1903 chief justice. He resigned this position 31 March 1922, being succeeded by Thomas McCawley, and died on 30 August 1923.' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_Cooper) Coxen, Charles Station owner (grazier/squatter);Member of the Qld Parliament Owner of Jondaryan with his nephew, Henry Coxen. Lessee, Myall Creek (near Dalby) in 1844 and Bindian stations. For more information, see http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/coxen-charles-3281 and http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio?id=3589157237. Name Role/Status/Position Notes Tools Crombie, James Station owner (grazier/squatter);Member of the Qld Parliament Took up Barcaldine Downs with John Cameron and his brother William Crombie, also Home Creek in 1864. 'Mr. Crombie was born in Kilrenny Crail, Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1834, and was, therefore, 64 years of age. His education was secured at Madras College, St. Andrews. He �rst came to Victoria in 1853, and immediately proceeded to the gold�elds, where he had fair success. Subsequently he took to farming in that colony, but gave that up in 1862, and left for Queensland. In conjunction with his brother and Mr. D. C. Cameron he took up and stocked Barcaldine Downs station in 1864. He was �rst elected to Parliamentary life in 1888, when he was returned for the Mitchell. He continued as its member till 1893, when he was elected for the Warrego, a seat he occupied at the time of his death. He held a number of other important positions, including membership of the Meat and Dairy Board, director of the Royal Bank, director of the Queensland Meat Company, member of the Mitchell Rabbit Board, and treasurer of the United Pastoralists' Association since its formation.' (Brisbane Courier 19 September 1898, p5) For more information, see https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio?id=1157775496 Name Role/Status/Position Notes Tools Dalrymple, George Elphinstone Explorer;Member of the Qld Parliament;Station owner (grazier/squatter) Owner, along with the Scott brothers (Arthur and Walter), of the Valley of Lagoons station on the Burdekin River in 1862. From his Australian Dictionary of Biography entry by C.G. Austin and Clem Lack (http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/dalrymple-george-augustus-3357): "George Augustus Frederick Elphinstone Dalrymple (1826-1876), explorer, public servant and politician, was born on 6 May 1826, the tenth son of Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Dalrymple Horn Elphinstone of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and his wife Graeme, née Hepburn. He was the younger brother of Ernest Dalrymple. He left Scotland in the 1840s and became a co�ee planter in Ceylon. He arrived in Australia between 1856 and 1858 and went to the Darling Downs where he was unable to take up land as he had intended. The unoccupied north attracted him and in February 1859 he published in Brisbane Proposals for the Establishment of a New Pastoral Settlement in North Australia. His proposed syndicate soon attracted subscribers and he organized an expedition to explore the Burdekin River watershed (Kennedy district). His party, including Ernest Henry and Philip Sellheim, set out from near Rockhampton in August and reached the site of Bowen. The Queensland government countermanded the decision to open the new district for settlement in January 1860 and the syndicate's plans to tender for runs were forestalled. In compensation Dalrymple was made commissioner for crown lands in the Kennedy district. In August he went with Lieutenant J. W. Smith in the Spit�re to explore the coast and examine Port Denison as a port of access for the Kennedy. As o�cer in charge of the proposed settlement of Bowen, Dalrymple then planned the expedition to establish the township and led the overland section. After he arrived Bowen was proclaimed on 11 April 1861. He was soon beset by o�cial duties in a frontier town and by problems of administering the new Land Act, but neglected his mounting clerical tasks for more adventurous �eld-work. When Dalrymple went south on sick leave he fell out with his superior, Augustus Gregory. In 1862 when several land commissioners, including Dalrymple, were to be replaced by professional surveyors, he resigned rather than accept alternative posts o�ered him in Bowen. Early next year with Walter Scott, his brother Arthur and (Sir) Robert Herbert as 'sleeping partner', Dalrymple formed Scott Bros Dalrymple & Co., took up on the Valley of Lagoons run on the Upper Burdekin River, and became its manager. He brought in his large collection of books and pictures but was often absent from the station. At Rockhampton he was drawn into a minor scandal involving a friend's wife; while vindicating his own and his friend's honour Dalrymple assaulted the police magistrate, John Jardine, and was �ned £500. In 1864 Dalrymple and Arthur Scott established Cardwell on Rockingham Bay as a port for inland stations north of Bowen. The expedition, initiated by the company but with o�cial backing, included James Morrill and John Dallachy. Dalrymple led a small party inland to the Valley of Lagoons and returned, hacking out a dray route to the coast. Dalrymple sold his interests in the company to go into politics. In March 1865 he was elected the �rst member for Kennedy in the Legislative Assembly. He was colonial secretary in Herbert's ministry from July to August 1866 but held no other o�ce, although as a supporter of the Northern Separation League and its president in 1866 he was favoured as premier for the proposed new colony. He did not contest Kennedy in 1867 but went to Britain to recover his health. He returned to Queensland in 1869 and with A. J. Bogle took up Oxford Downs on the Upper Burdekin. The venture failed, as did his imported traction engine which proved impracticable on northern roads. Insolvent, he was lucky to get a government post as assistant gold commissioner on the Gilbert diggings in October 1871. Next year he had charge of the diggings and was also sent to �nd a route for a telegraph over the Sea View Range near Cardwell. In September 1873 he led an o�cial exploration of the coast north of Cardwell. They reached the Endeavour River in October, just before Cooktown sprang up as the port for the Palmer gold�elds. They returned to Cardwell in December and Dalrymple, sick with fever, went to Brisbane. He hoped to explore the coast north of Cooktown but in 1874 was given charge of the government settlement at Somerset on Cape York. He sailed for Somerset in May but soon after he arrived was incapacitated by fever and a stroke. He was taken south by mail steamer and granted leave in September. After a summer in Scotland he went to St Leonards, Sussex, where he died, unmarried, on 22 January 1876. Dalrymple had been elected a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society in November 1867. He was a successful explorer, a dashing leader, restless, impatient of o�cial parsimony and red tape. Through his policy of vigilance and restraint he seldom had trouble with the Aboriginals on his expeditions. Dalrymple's appreciation of natural beauty is amply expressed in his exploration reports. Many features of northern Queensland commemorate his name and many more were named by him." For more information, see: https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio?id=4229027476 Name Role/Status/Position Notes Tools Dawson, Anderson Member of the Qld Parliament;Government employee/Public servant Was the Premier of Queensland for just 6 days from 1 December 1899 until 7 December 1899. de Burgh Persse, Fitzpatrick Station owner (grazier/squatter);Member of the Qld Parliament The owner of Connemara Station in the 1870s when several stockmen were killed by Aboriginal people. He was David Thompson Seymour's (Commissioner of Police) cousin (Richards 2005:136) From his Australian Dictionary of Biography entry by Michael D. De B. Persse (http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/de-burgh-persse-�tzpatrick-812): "After further experience at Tieryboo on the Condamine, he was appointed in 1864 to manage Tambourine and later Maroon stations for the Bank of Australasia, and was thus led to the Albert River district south of Brisbane, where in 1865 he bought Tabragalba, the station near Beaudesert which became his lifelong home. He was one of the �rst in Queensland to inoculate stock for pleuro-pneumonia. Having brought Tabragalba into sound working order, he left in 1870 for Ireland, where on 16 November 1871 he married his cousin Mary Persse, daughter of William Blair, of Cappa, Kilrush, County Clare. In July 1872 they sailed for Queensland, and in the next decade he extended his pastoral interests, after journeys into territory where he was sometimes the �rst white man, by founding Palpararra and Connemara on Farrar's Creek, Tally-ho on the Mayne, Buckingham Downs on the Wills and Lake De Burgh. His new properties were stocked with cattle of his own breeding from Tabragalba. Having established these and then sold them to John Costello and others, he acquired four stations in the Burnett, of which Hawkwood passed with Tabragalba to his elder son Charles Dudley (1874-1959), and Eidsvold to his son-in-law Fitzpierce Joyce." '1872 established Palparra, Connemara, Tallyho, Buckingham Downs Stations; Purchased Hawkwood, Yeurilla, Eidsvold [bought from Archer brothers] and Boorgal' (https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio?id=2132150725) Dickson, James Member of the Qld Parliament;Government employee/Public servant Was the Premier of Queensland from 1 October 1898 until 1 December 1899. Douglas, John Member of the Qld Parliament;Member of the NSW Parliament;Station owner (grazier/squatter);Government employee/Public servant Took up Talgai on the Darling Downs In 1854 with Thomas Hood, which in 1853 ran 20,900 sheep. Also helped establish the Darling Downs Gazette in 1858. took up 6 pastoral runs in Port Curtis District in 1860. Government Resident on Thursday Island 1885-1904. Was the Premier of Queensland from 8 March 1877 until 21 January 1879. For more information, see: http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/douglas-john-3430, https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio?id=3719963827 and https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/members/formermembers/Pages/former-member-details.aspx? pk=587 Dutton, Charles Boydell Station owner (grazier/squatter);Member of the Qld Parliament With his brother Archibald (and possibly also his father, Henry Pellerin) took up Bauhinia Downs on the Dawson River by 1861, Tambo in 1860 and Goomally. Requested police assistance for his station, Bauhinia Downs, in 1862. For full biography, see http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/dutton-charles-boydell- 3459 and https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio?id=125473574. Name Role/Status/Position Notes Tools Eliott, Gilbert Station owner (grazier/squatter);Member of the Qld Parliament;Member of the NSW Parliament With Arthur Hodgson, took up Eton Vale in 1841; also took up Yenda from 1865 (acquired from Robert Wilkin). Employer of Jemmy (3) who was shot by the NMP on 17 April 1863. Details of him from the Australian Dictionary of Biography are as follows (http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/eliott-gilbert-3476): "Gilbert Eliott (1796-1871), public servant and politician, was born at Stobs, Roxburghshire, Scotland, the third son of Sir William Eliott, sixth baronet, and his wife Mary, née Russell. He entered the army and as a captain in the Royal Artillery served with the occupation forces in France in 1815 and later elsewhere. At Bedrule, Roxburghshire, on 21 April 1830 he married Isabella Lucy, daughter of Robert Elliot, vicar of Askham, Yorkshire. With his wife and three children he arrived in the Mary at Sydney in November 1839. He became a justice of the peace. On the recommendation of the Earl of Auckland, a near relation, he was appointed police magistrate at Parramatta by Governor Sir George Gipps in June 1842. As visiting justice at the Female Factory he uncovered gross fraud and embezzlement; counter-charges by the superintendent led to an inquiry which found Eliott 'an excellent Public O�cer, and a man of unimpeachable integrity'. In 1846 he sought o�ce as comptroller-general of convicts in Van Diemen's Land, but was unsuccessful despite strong support from Gipps and Sir Charles FitzRoy. In January 1854 he became chief of the three commissioners of the city of Sydney. Although this appointment was for six years, a select committee criticized the commissioners' administration and they were replaced in 1857. Eliott acquired pastoral leases in the Wide Bay area and represented the Burnett district in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from July to December 1859. His opposition to the separation of Queensland aroused some hostility but in May 1860 he easily won the seat of Wide Bay, a squatter electorate, in the �rst Queensland Legislative Assembly. Even the Gympie gold rush from 1867 did not shake his hold on the seat. The new assembly had few members with parliamentary experience and so Eliott was speedily chosen as the �rst Speaker, a post which he retained until his retirement in 1870 without missing a single day's sitting. Always benign and courteous, although �rm, he was very popular; one member even started a private subscription for a full-length portrait of Eliott to be presented to him; it is still in Parliament House, though cut down in size. Eliott was approached to accept a knighthood but refused, partly because he was already in line of descent of an old Scottish barony, partly because he felt his means were not adequate to support such a distinction. In 1870 he was given a retirement allowance of £400 a year, and appointed to the Legislative Council. He was appointed C.M.G. in 1871. Eliott had remained aloof from political controversy except once when, reporting to his constituents after the session of 1862, he spoke very strongly against the way government business was conducted in the assembly. His speech caused a short stir but was soon forgotten. On his property he lived with a quiet dignity and endeared himself to all his neighbours. His retirement was brief. While visiting his son, Gilbert William, a magistrate at Toowoomba, he died suddenly of angina pectoris on 30 June 1871. He was survived by his wife, son and a daughter Frances Willoughby." See also: https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio?id=352354955 and https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/members/formermembers/Pages/former-member-details.aspx? pk=260 Ferrett, John Station owner (grazier/squatter);Member of the Qld Parliament Owner of Wallan Station in 1851 when overseer John Harmen was killed by Aboriginal people. Also established Wooinble Bank, Maranoa, in 1862 and purchased Dulacca Station, 1874 (https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio?id=1872175341). Wrote to Richard Marshall on 12 Feb 1850 requesting him to patrol the Wallann run again. Had an Aboriginal wife: ' ... in 1856 John Ferrett, then joint-owner of Wallan station on the Lower Condamine, was forced to resign as a JP because he regularly took his Aboriginal wife to the new town of Condamine' (Collins 2002:83) Made complaints against Francis Nicoll that were instrumental in the dimissal of latter from the NMP Name Role/Status/Position Notes Tools Fitz, Henry Bates Station owner (grazier/squatter);Member of the Qld Parliament 'MR. HENRY BATES FITZ, whose death was announced in yesterday's issue, was a colonist whose career was closely identi�ed with the early history of Queensland. The deceased gentleman was a son of the late Mr. Robert Fitz, Deputy-Commissary General of New South Wales, and was born in that colony in 1817. He was educated in New South Wales, and at an early age joined Captain Pike in taking up new country on the Darling Downs. The stations of Pikedale and Pike's Creek are at the present time su�cient evidence of the judgment exercised by those who �rst selected them from the wilderness. Mr. Fitz was thirteen years in partnership with Captain Pike, and then bought from him Pike's Creek station, which proved a successful venture. He also became owner of Pilton and Warra Warra, on the Darling Downs, and subsequently formed several stations in the north, amongst them being Collaroy and Princhester. The �rst wool shipped from Rockhampton was from one of Mr. Fitz's stations. Upon the separation of this colony from New South Wales he was one of the �rst members called to the Legislative Council by Sir George Bowen, his writ of summons bearing date May 30, 1860.' (Brisbane Courier 30 December 1880, p2) 'Manager, Pikedale Station, Darling Downs, 1843 to 1863; Invested in Collaroy and Princhester stations; Acquired Pike's Creek Station and Warra Warra (Kogan Creek), Breamar Forest, 1859; Acquired freehold for Pilton and Haldon stations, Darling Downs; Appointed Clerk of the Legislative Council, 1876; Appointed Clerk of the Parliament, 28 December 1880' (https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio?id=2839529633) Fyfe, Alexander Station owner (grazier/squatter);Member of the Qld Parliament Owner of Wilpend station on the upper Mackenzie. Became insolvent in 1868 (Brisbane Courier 11 February 1868, p2). For more information, see https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio? id=1772360207. Griffith, Samuel Walker Member of the Qld Parliament;Government employee/Public servant Solicitor, Chief Justice and Premier of Queensland. Was the Premier of Queensland on two occasions, from 13 November 1883 until 13 June 1888, and again from 12 August 1890 until 27 March 1893. For more information, see: https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/members/former/bio?id=1987751829 and http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/gri�th-sir-samuel-walker-445 Haly, Charles Robert Member of the Qld Parliament;Station owner (grazier/squatter) A squatter in the earliest years of the Burnett District. Gave evidence at the 1861 Inquiry into the NMP. From his Australian Dictionary of Biography entry by M. Carter and A.A. Morrison (http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/haly-charles-robert-3699): "Charles Robert Haly (1816-1892), pastoralist, parliamentarian and public servant, was born on 11 April 1816 at Amboise, France, son of Colonel Charles William Haly and his wife Ann, née Hutchings. His father's Irish lineage was documented over 800 years. The family moved to Newfoundland. In 1838 Charles and his brother William sailed from Plymouth in the James Pattison and arrived at Sydney in December. They settled �rst on the Hunter River but soon moved to the Gwydir River where they assembled a large party of men and sheep and went north to the Logan district. By 1842 they were seeking land in the Burnett district and were listed in 1846 as the holders of Taabinga, a sheep run of 305 square miles (790 km²). William returned to England in 1859 and died in 1861. Unlike many other squatters Charles soon became aware of the dangers in over-exploiting land and as one of the �rst to detect intestinal worms in sheep he advocated remedial measures. In 1853 at Tamrookum in the Logan district he married Rosa Harpur. His homestead at Taabinga re�ected spacious ideas, with some walls of two-foot-thick sandstone blocks and the interior woodwork in cedar, both produced on his property. A keen lover of good horse-�esh, he imported Arab and English sires and became widely known for the quality of his horses. In 1860 Haly was elected for the Burnett to the �rst Queensland Legislative Assembly. With a new forum for advocating protection of the land, he continually recommended the preservation of indigenous grasses and the use of steam-ploughs and irrigation. He supported measures to deal with stock diseases and for supplying the capital with water from the Upper Brisbane River basin, and secured the abolition of the salt duty. Though never outstanding as a parliamentarian he won wide respect for his honesty and consistency; according to the Brisbane Courier, he would vote even against his own interests if the proposal were for the general good. Always cheerful and hearty, he was welcome everywhere. He held his Burnett seat until 1863 and again in 1865-67 and 1869-71, and in 1876-78 he represented Leichhardt. Despite his e�orts he experienced much trouble through diseases in his sheep and the rapid spread of speargrass. Forced to sell Taabinga, he became police magistrate at Dalby on 26 April 1882 and on 1 January 1891 also clerk of Petty Sessions. On 26 August 1892 he died in o�ce, survived by eleven of his fourteen children." Herbert, Robert George Wyndham Government employee/Public servant;Member of the Qld Parliament A Qld politician and public servant. The premier of Qld from 10 December 1859 until 1 February 1866 (and then again for 18 days from 20 July 1866 until 7 August 1866), and the State's �rst Colonial Secretary appointed 30 August 1859, arriving in the colony on 10 December 1859. Name Role/Status/Position Notes Tools From his Australian Dictionary of Biography entry by B. A. Knox (http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/herbert-sir-robert-george-wyndham-3757): "Sir Robert George Wyndham Herbert (1831-1905), politician and public servant, was born on 12 June 1831 in Brighton, Sussex, England, only son of Algernon Herbert and his wife Marianne, née Lempriere. His father was a barrister, author, antiquarian, sometime fellow of Merton College, Oxford, and �fth son of the �rst Earl of Carnarvon. Robert was thus second cousin to Henry Herbert, fourth Earl of Carnarvon and his exact contemporary, a connexion of the �rst importance in his life. Privately tutored he went in 1844 to Rev. Edward Coleridge's house at Eton where he and Carnarvon were constant companions. Despite reputed laziness at Eton he won the Newcastle scholarship in 1849 and entered Balliol College, Oxford (B.A., 1854; B.C.L., 1856; D.C.L., 1862), taking in 1852 a �rst in classical moderations and in 1853 a second in literae humaniores; in 1854, having won literary and legal prizes, he was elected a fellow of All Souls. In December W. E. Gladstone, chancellor of the exchequer, asked Coleridge to recommend a suitable private secretary. Herbert was approached, accepted the post and held it from 1 January 1855 until either the fall of Lord Aberdeen's coalition in February or earlier after an alleged 'divergence of opinions' with his chief. Herbert turned to legal studies. After his father died in June 1855, he inherited the family house and some copyhold property in Ickleton, Cambridgeshire, but the legacy yielded little income for all his father's capital was left to his mother and two younger sisters. He lingered over his legal studies and was not called to the Bar of the Inner Temple until 30 April 1858. Herbert's political and public prospects had been diminished by the fall of the Aberdeen ministry, but hopes revived when the Conservatives were returned in February 1858. Prompted by Carnarvon, under- secretary at the Colonial O�ce, Gladstone o�ered Herbert a private secretaryship but it carried no salary and was refused. Herbert's career then took a decisive and unusual twist. Sir George Bowen was appointed governor of the new colony of Queensland in June 1859. In July the Duke of Newcastle authorized him to select a private secretary who could also become colonial secretary of Queensland, 'independent of local in�uences'. Advised by 'friends in the Colonial O�ce', he eventually chose Herbert who accepted because he wanted a public appointment, was not anxious to practise law and no longer had high-placed political friends. Perhaps some of his cousin's new-found interests rubbed o� on him. Herbert had been appointed to no sinecure. He was part of a Colonial O�ce experiment, for Queensland began as a strict Crown colony with the prospect of immediate responsible government. Commissioned as colonial secretary on 12 December 1859, Herbert was told that he would hold the post only if he secured election to the Legislative Assembly and su�cient votes in the House. He had disadvantages: he was young and book-learned, a 'new-chum' and interloper, an aristocrat and careful dresser, who had yet to prove that he could run a government. In his favour he had intellectual strength, great administrative ability and a personality which enabled him to win 'the goodwill of all persons, especially of the ladies'. In the brief Crown colony government he drew on Bowen's experience and personally negotiated the �nancial settlement with New South Wales. When parliament met on 22 May 1860 his potential rivals, such as Arthur Macalister, could �nd no complaint against him. Since he was already in o�ce, warmly approved by the press and known to have the governor's favour, only a candidate with outstanding claims could have challenged him. None existed in Queensland. Herbert's own political strength was shown in his unopposed return for three constituencies. He chose to sit for Leichhardt in the north. Thus Bowen's original Executive Council became the colony's �rst responsible ministry. As premier, Herbert cannot be understood without reference to his political ancestry. He was a product ... nineteenth-century English conservatism, and a touch of the eighteenth century was manifested in his political methods. The factions and individualism of Queensland politics and parliament and its lack of a party system help to account for Herbert's success. He made no attempt to create a party, although he sedulously fostered conservatism. He relied �rst on Bowen's wish to have him as premier, with the necessary corollary that he always emphasized the governor's power of decision. This tactic was eventually noticed and not altogether approved, yet it helped him to command votes in the Legislative Assembly. Just as pertinently, Herbert cultivated a range of groups and individuals. He was also helped by his detachment and 'appearance of polite candour and friendly frankness'. Though long unable to overcome the jealousy of William Henry Walsh, he persuaded the Brisbane lawyer, Macalister, to join his ministry in July 1861, a favour which led the original treasurer, (Sir) Robert Mackenzie, to resign in September 1862. Anxious to retain the support of squatters, Herbert �lled the post �rst with T. de Lacy Mo�at and then (Sir) Joshua Bell. In contrast, when the �rst attorney-general, Ratcli�e Pring, had to resign for drunkenness in the House, Herbert replaced him with (Sir) Charles Lilley, an urban radical. Political calculation seems to have been absent from Herbert's appointments of such key civil servants as surveyor-general, police magistrates and commissioners of crown lands, but he made rather more justices of the peace than necessary and critics detected political purpose in some of his expenditure on public works. These exercises in political management matched Herbert's performance in parliament. Aware of his reserved, dry manner, he never attempted oratory and never gave anything away. He used mannerisms to disconcert opposing speakers while his own speeches carried into the legislature the Name Role/Status/Position Notes Tools administrative ability which was his main strength. Clear, concise and �uent, they persuaded by their content rather than by his slightly halting delivery. With a secure majority Herbert favoured strong executive government promoting measures carefully planned and drawing on the warnings and examples of other places; one illustration was his comprehensive land policy of 1860. Despite his conservatism in constitutional matters, he adjusted carefully to progressive public opinion; though a staunch Anglican, he ended state aid to religion and introduced National education against the strong opposition of Bishop Edward Tufnell. He was much concerned, like Peel, for national credit and for economy and e�ciency in the civil service. In the absence of income tax, his main source of revenue was the tari� while loan funds were devoted to such developmental works as railways, telegraphs and harbours. His leading objects were to extend settlement especially on the north coast, encourage immigration, diversify the economy and establish a �rm basis for stable government. He sought to extend Queensland's trade to Asian markets and to introduce 'Malays and other black labour' for plantation work. In all these aims he had some personal as well as public interest for he invested heavily, though not pro�tably, in cotton-planting and in the Valley of Lagoons, a large sheep station on the Burdekin. Before Herbert visited England in July 1862 some of his qualities were beginning to lose e�ect. In June he had even withdrawn an electoral reform measure for fear of defeat. His conservatism had drawn �re from the Courier, Brisbane's most in�uential newspaper, and he was deemed too anxious to accommodate opinions in the legislature merely to stay in power. His low view of ordinary colonists caused critics to remind him that he had been appointed to o�ce in a very special way and now had to cultivate popular opinion. His ability and integrity were respected, and in London his Australian reputation was enhanced by such things as his public remonstrance against a proposal to renew convict transportation. In his absence Macalister had acted as premier and, though the Courier had found Herbert's colleagues even less acceptable, it suggested to the traveller that he was no longer indispensable. On his return in April 1863 the assembly reproached him for going to England without leave and only his cool tact saved the motion from becoming a censure. Soon afterwards a popular railway bill was passed only by the Speaker's casting vote. The colony's �rst parliament was dissolved and at the general election in May a determined attempt was made to defeat him. He sought local credit by standing for North Brisbane and lost, but won the rural electorate of West Moreton after a bitter contest. The new parliament con�rmed Herbert's power. He anticipated and received better majorities than ever in the assembly, and the leadership of the Legislative Council went to his friend, (Sir) John Bramston. To Herbert the o�cial Opposition, led by Mackenzie and later joined by Walsh, was 'feeble'. He passed the measures he wanted and indulged his preference for the o�ce work of government over that of parliament, but by 1865 he was 'weary and sick and disgusted with colonial politics'. For two years he had withdrawn increasingly from colonial society, except for such pastimes as horse-racing, yachting and seabathing. His circle of friends was restricted and when not at his o�ce or Government House, where Bowen required him more often than he liked, his greatest pleasure was Herston, his and Bramston's stone house in a well-stocked seventy acres (28 ha) about three miles (4.8 km) from town. He decided that he must have another 'taste of civilization' and in November told his ministers of his decision. In February 1866 he turned the premiership over to Macalister and when parliament met in April he sat as a private member. The pleasure of many members at his 'political decease' and Macalister's �rst term in o�ce were short. In July a crisis was precipitated by the failure of Agra & Masterman's Bank in London. To replace funds borrowed from this source, the ministry proposed to issue inconvertible government notes, 'greenbacks', but Bowen insisted that his Instructions required him to reserve any such measure for consideration by the British government. Macalister resigned as premier and Bowen instantly recalled Herbert, commissioning him on 20 July a member of the Executive Council without portfolio to avoid any ministerial re-election. In the assembly Herbert steered the legislation for securing loans from local and southern banks to tide the government over its troubles. Both Bowen's Instructions and Herbert's Pee