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Research Professor in Practice HARVARD GRADUATE SCHOOL OF DESIGN Department of Landscape Architecture THE URBAN LANDSCAPE AND THE FUTURE OF CITIES CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT MITIGATION & ADAPTATION CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT Under the topic of The Current State of the Climate, the IPCC 2021 Summary says: COP 26 “The scale of recent changes are unprecedented” CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT • ADAPTATION More visibility for Climate Adaptation CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT WHAT IS ADAPTATION? CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT WHY IS ADAPTATION UNDERFUNDED? CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT 4 REASONS WHY ADAPTATION IS NOT FUNDED 1. HYPER-FOCUS ON CARBON EMISSIONS Mitigation Means Money CARBON CREDITS MAKE $$$$$ CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT CAP & TRADE CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT 2. HUBRIS OF TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY and SMART CITIES/ SMART CARS SMART BUILDINGS/ SMART HOMES ETC. ALONE, WON’T SAVE US CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT CLIMATE IMPACTS IN THE USA AND CANADA THE HUBRIS OF TECHNOLOGY: WE DON’T NEED ADAPTATION CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT 4. THE IPCC FORGOT TO WARN US ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OTHER CLIMATE PROBLEMS WE ARE FACING- BUT DON’T KNOW ABOUT… CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT DECREASE IN THE EARTH’S ALBEDO LOSS OF CLOUD ALBEDO Earth loses some its ability to shed heat CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT TIPPING POINTS ARE ALREADY STARTING CLEANING UP THE ATMOSPHERE IS CAUSING MORE GLOBAL WARMING …acceleration could lead to total warming of 2 degrees Celsius by 2040 CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT The BIODIVERSITY CRISIS Why the world decided to get together and address it. The BIODIVERSITY CRISIS The BIODIVERSITY CRISIS Why the world decided to get together and address it. The BIODIVERSITY CRISIS The BIODIVERSITY CRISIS The BIODIVERSITY CRISIS The BIODIVERSITY CRISIS What exactly is causing all this loss of biodiversity across the world? 1.Human destruction: Consumption and Change in land and Sea: 2.Direct exploitation of organisms 3. Climate change. The BIODIVERSITY CRISIS CLIMATE CHANGE The BIODIVERSITY CRISIS CHAOS VS INSTINCTION CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT Cities are a key to combating climate change due to their size and ability to change CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE Cities consume 2/3 of the world’s energy creating over 70% of the global CO2 emissions. CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE Re-design of cities would have the biggest, positive ability to combat climate change & SAVE THE PLANET Cities are a key to combating climate change due to their size and ability to change CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT 40 “IT IS ESSENTIAL TO MAKE CITIES AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE SOLUTION IN FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE” https://www.unenvironment.org/explore-topics/resource- efficiency/what-we-do/cities/cities-and-climate-change CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT CITIES SHARE THE SAME PROBLEMS CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE ANDAND CHANGE THETHE URBAN ENVIRONMENT URBAN ENVIRONMENT URBAN HEAT ISLAND 94 ) EFFECT One of the most important climate effects which has a profound impact on both human health and energy consumption is the Urban Heat Island Effect. https://earthwiseradio.org/podcast/city-geometry-and-urban-heat-islands/