================================== DOCUMENT 2: SESSION 2 (S2) ================================== POLLUTION ABATEMENT (21CHO105T) Unit 2 - Session 2 I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) 1. SWM Rules mandate segregation into ● Answer: A. Wet, Dry, Domestic hazardous ● Explanation: Municipal Solid Waste Management rules mandate source segregation into three distinct streams: biodegradable (wet), non-biodegradable (dry), and domestic hazardous waste. 2. Throwing waste on streets and drains is ● Answer: A. Prohibited under SWM Rules ● Explanation: Littering and open dumping of solid waste on public streets, water bodies, and drainage systems are strictly prohibited under environmental regulations. 3. Waste pickers should be ● Answer: A. Integrated into formal waste management ● Explanation: Informal waste pickers play a vital role in material recovery and recycling and should be formally integrated into municipal waste management systems. 4. Transportation of solid waste should ideally be done using: ● Answer: B. Covered vehicles ● Explanation: Waste transport vehicles must be covered to prevent littering, spillage, foul odors, and vector attraction during transit. 5. Processing of solid waste mainly aims to: ● Answer: B. Recover resources and reduce waste ● Explanation: Solid waste processing transforms waste to recover valuable materials, generate energy, and minimize the volume requiring final landfill disposal. II. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1. Explain sanitary landfilling as a method of solid waste disposal. ● Answer: Sanitary landfilling is an engineered method of disposing of solid waste on land in a manner that protects environmental health. Waste is spread in thin layers, compacted to maximum density, and covered daily with soil or synthetic covers. Modern sanitary landfills feature bottom liners and leachate collection systems to prevent groundwater contamination, alongside gas venting and extraction systems. 2. Explain the functional elements of a solid waste management system. ● Answer: 1. Waste Generation: The activities involved in identifying and discarding materials no longer considered useful. 2. On-site Handling, Storage, and Processing: Sorting, storing, and treating waste directly at the point of origin. 3. Collection: Gathering stored waste and loading it into vehicles for transport. 4. Transfer and Transport: Moving waste from local collection vehicles to larger transport haulers. 5. Processing and Recovery: Mechanical, thermal, or biological processing to recover materials and energy. 6. Disposal: Final placement of residual waste in sanitary landfills. III. LONG ANSWER QUESTION 1. Describe the general methods of disposal of solid waste. ● Answer: 1. Sanitary Landfilling ● Concept: Engineered disposal of solid waste in designated land basins. ● Key Features: Features impermeable bottom liners (clay/geomembrane), leachate collection networks, and gas extraction wells to prevent environmental contamination. 2. Incineration (Thermal Treatment) ● Concept: High-temperature controlled combustion of solid waste. ● Key Features: Reduces waste volume by up to 90% and mass by 75% while capturing thermal energy for electricity generation, accompanied by rigorous flue gas cleaning. 3. Composting and Biological Treatment ● Concept: Aerobic or anaerobic microbial decomposition of organic and biodegradable waste fractions. ● Key Features: Converts organic kitchen and yard waste into nutrient-rich soil conditioner or biogas. 4. Pyrolysis and Gasification ● Concept: Thermal degradation of carbonaceous waste in the absence or restricted presence of oxygen. ● Key Features: Converts waste into synthesis gas (syngas), bio-oil, and solid char for fuel and chemical feedstock recovery.