================================== DOCUMENT 8: SESSION 8 (S8) ================================== POLLUTION ABATEMENT (21CHO105T) Unit 2 - Session 8 I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) 1. Catalytic pyrolysis of plastics differs from normal pyrolysis because it: ● Answer: B. Uses catalysts to improve efficiency ● Explanation: Catalytic pyrolysis incorporates specialized catalysts (such as zeolites) to lower activation energy, accelerate reaction rates, and improve the quality and yield of liquid fuel products. 2. Advanced plastic waste management reduces environmental impact by: ● Answer: B. Recovering value from waste plastics ● Explanation: Advanced management diverts plastics from landfills and oceans by turning them into fuels, chemical feedstocks, and recycled polymers. 3. Co-processing of low-grade plastics is commonly done in: ● Answer: B. Cement kilns ● Explanation: Non-recyclable, low-grade plastic wastes are effectively co-processed in high-temperature cement kilns as alternative fuel replacements for coal. 4. Non-recyclable plastic waste is best managed by: ● Answer: C. Energy recovery or co-processing ● Explanation: Plastics that cannot be mechanically recycled are best utilized for energy recovery or cement kiln co-processing rather than open dumping. 5. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is an important part of: ● Answer: B. Integrated plastic waste management ● Explanation: EPR holds manufacturers legally and financially accountable for the entire lifecycle of their plastic packaging, driving collection, recycling, and circular management. II. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1. What is Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)? ● Answer: Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a policy approach under which producers, brand owners, and importers are given significant financial and physical responsibility for the treatment or disposal of post-consumer product packaging and plastic waste. 2. What is integrated plastic waste management? ● Answer: Integrated plastic waste management is a comprehensive strategy combining source reduction, eco-design, mandatory segregation, mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, energy recovery, and EPR frameworks to manage plastic waste sustainably across its entire lifecycle. III. LONG ANSWER QUESTION 1. Explain the advanced techniques used in plastic waste management. ● Answer: 1. Chemical (Feedstock) Recycling ● Depolymerization: Breaking polymer chains down into original monomer building blocks through glycolysis, methanolysis, or hydrolysis. ● Gasification and Pyrolysis: Converting waste plastics into syngas, waxes, and high-quality pyrolysis oils for use in chemical refineries. 2. Catalytic Pyrolysis ● Utilizes solid acid catalysts (e.g., zeolites, silica-alumina) during thermal cracking to operate at lower temperatures, reduce reaction times, and yield high-grade hydrocarbon fuels. 3. Cement Kiln Co-Processing ● Feeding shredded non-recyclable plastic waste into cement kilns where extreme temperatures (~1450 ° C) ensure complete destruction of organic compounds while recovering energy and mineral ash into cement clinker. 4. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Frameworks ● Regulatory systems requiring producers to establish collection networks, finance recycling infrastructure, and meet mandatory plastic recycling targets.