April 2022 Issue 03 Caring for our Environment 4 The Mycorrhizal Network a nd the complex root system 18 Industrial Revolution Growth 11 9 FREE COW PRODUCTION HISTORY CARD TEMPLATE 15 ONLINE AGRICULTURAL COURSES Contents 5 11 15 8 4 20 3 Editors Note 4 Exhausting the Soil 5 Growing Veggies from Scrap 7 Food Security 8 Complex Root S ystems 9 Free Cow Production Card 10 Caring for our Environment 11 Interesting Facts About G oats 12 Industrial Revolution Growth 13 Better Techniques 14 Halo Saves Lives 15 Online Agricultural Courses 18 Ad Space 19 Einstein’s Riddle 20 FeedTech Expo April 2022 21 Magazine Cover Art Contest 22 Join Our Annual Directory “Together we can share knowledge, and feed our Nation” TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 3 Dear Readers , My heart is very passionate about our planet, animals and mother earth. Our well - being solely depends on this planet which gives food and water to all living things, so it is our responsibility to take care of it. I believe that a clean environment is essential for healthy living, and enhancing our relationship with nature. It is our duty to protect our earth, because caring for our earth means maintaining the existence of living beings and our future generations. I trust that every reader shall thoroughly enjoy our second issue of this magazine under the Temo Thuo Farmers Directory. EDITORS NOTE Jerileigh du Preez Temo Thuo Farmers Directory Founder It’s time to bring into being a new future, feeding the world, caring for the earth. In this edition of the Temo Thuo Farmers Magazine, we will be shining a light on a few factors which concern our environment that should be taken into consideration , interesting facts, and offerings on online agricultural courses. There is also a tricky riddle for great minds to try and solve I certainly hope this issue highlights some agricultural news. We are in search of creative solutions as well as inspiration for readers to set goals, and become the new era of entrepreneurs Jerileigh du Preez (+267) 754 84 559 info@farmersdirectory.co.bw Issue 3 – April 2022 WHY DO WE NEED TO SAVE THE SOIL Soil exhaustion occurs when poorly managed soils are no longer able to support crops or other plant life. Soil exhaustion has consequences beyond limited food production; it also increases risk of soil erosion. Our soil is in great danger at present, and in the past forty years, about 40% of the world’s topsoil has been lost Why Save Soil? Save Soil is a global movement launched by Sadhguru , addressing the soil crisis by bringing together people from around the world to stand up for Soil Health, and supporting leaders of all nations to institute national policies and actions toward increasing the organic content in cultivable Soil Is it time for change? TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 4 “Thriving , living soil is vital to life .” Issue 3 – April 2022 SOIL IS DYING #1 If we want to preserve the soil, it means we have to start utilizing organic content. #2 Crop rotation with different botanic families’ integration. #3 To distance in proper manner those crops which are more vulnerable to pest bruises. #4 To insert cereals between straw and/or corn in the crop rotation process (crops which produce a large quantity of residues). #5 To abandon the use of stubble burning technique (forbidden) leaving on the field the cultural residues produced by cereals instead. #6 To seed other manure crops or cover - crops If there are no leaves or animal waste, it’s nearly impossible to put back anything. This is simple wisdom that every farming family knew. They knew how many animals and trees you must have on a certain amount of land A diverse biological community in soils is essential to maintaining a healthy environment for plant roots. There may be over 100,000 different types of organisms living in soils. Our soil just needs a little support . If you give it that little support, it will bounce back quickly. But as a generation of people, will we just sit around and watch it die? You cannot keep soil rich with fertilizer and a tractor. You need animals on the land. Right from ancient times, when we grew crops, we only took the crop and the rest of the plant and animal waste always went back into the soil. We sadly seem to have lost that wisdom. Join this movement - www.consciousplanet.org / 10 VEGETABLES YOU CAN REGROW FROM SCRAP For those of us who live in an apartment or have a small yard, we’re often thinking it’s impossible to grow our own vegetables without a greenhouse. 1. Celery Cut off the celery, and leave about 3cm to 6cm from the base. Place the base in a bowl of water and leave it where it can get enough sunlight. As new leaves begin to sprout from the middle, allow for it to gain thickness for a week before transferring it into a pot of soil. 2 . Spring Onions Green onions are by far the easiest and most popular vegetable to regrow. All you need to do, is cut them about 3cm from the roots and leave them in a glass of water 3. Carrots We’re not exactly re - growing the carrot itself, but rather the carrot greens on the top, which surprisingly comes with a wide range of uses. Simply leave the top of the carrots – with a bit of the carrot attached, put it in a small plate of water, and place them where they can receive adequate sunlight 4. Onions You can regrow spring onions from an onion bulb. Be sure the root part has about 1cm to 2cm of grown attached. Place it directly in soil and cover it with a layer of soil. Water it regularly to keep the soil moist. Just keep cutting the green sprouts off when they’ve regrown. You’ll never have to buy spring onions ever again! 5 . Leeks Leeks can regrow the exact same way as green onions, however they might take a little bit longer based on their sheer size. Leave about 6cm of leeks from the bottom, and place them in a bowl of water TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 5 But did you know that there are plenty of vegetables out there that you can regrow from scrap even without a garden? It’s free, fun, sustainable, and delicious So , before you throw out your food scraps, check to see if it’s something that you can regrow in your home. Make it a fun experiment with your family as re - growing veggies from scrap can be super simple! Issue 3 – April 2022 LET ’ S TALK ABOUT VEGGIES 6 Romaine Lettuce, Bok Choy and Cabbage Romaine lettuce is just as easy to regrow as celery! Leave the stump of the lettuce in a bowl and fill the water about halfway . O nce the leaves have regrown for a few days, transfer the stumps into soil 7 Basil and Mint Plenty of herbs can easily be regrown. Make sure there’s about 6cm to 9cm of stem. Place the stems upright in a glass of water. When the new roots begin to sprout, transfer your herbs into a pot of soil and allow them to flourish 8 Sweet Potatoes Sweet potatoes are really easy to grow, but you will need some yard space. Stick toothpicks around a sweet potato to prop it up in at the rim of a glass, only half - emerging it in water. When the roots reach about 8cm to 10cm, plant it in soil. 9 . Potatoes Cut a potato in half. And where you see the dented “eyes” on the skin, plant the potatoes in soil with the “eyes” facing up. actually really easy to grow , but you will need some serious real estate and it’s probably not suitable for an apartment Stick some toothpicks around a sweet potato to prop it up in at the rim of a glass. (only half - emerging it in water). When the roots reach about 8cm to 10cm inches, plant it in soil 10. Pineapple Okay, this is not a vegetable, but imagine Re - growing a pineapple in your own home How exciting would that be? And not to mention it’s also much easier than you think. It just takes a bit of patience, as pineapple can take up to two full years to bear their first fruit The trick is to grab a hold of the pineapple crown by the leaves and twist and pull it off so that the stalk is still attached. Remove some of the lower leaves to expose the stalk. Be sure there is no fruit flesh as that might rot the stalk Place the pineapple crown in a glass of water and allow new roots to sprout. This usually takes about three weeks. Transfer to a pot with fast - draining soil. The plant should begin to resist gentle tugs at about two months. TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 6 Issue 3 – April 2022 “Re - growing vegetables that you’ve half - consumed can be really fun and save you money .” Have you tried re - growing your own vegetable scraps? Share with us your experiences! THE IMPORTANCE OF FOOD SECURITY TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 7 Issue 3 – April 2022 Apart from basic nutrition, food security is linked to economic stability, long - term health, and empowerment for providing opportunities for income generation. Food impacts all parts of our daily life. It’s not only about feeling full and satisfied, it is also about feeling connected to our community and having belonging. Across cultures, food is a way to bring togetherness to the table and celebrate our shared humanity. On Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, food, water, shelter and rest are foundations for a healthy human. Without these fundamental pieces in place, it’s difficult to advance to thinking about safety, the community, our future or our potential. Food security is at the baseline of human need. Without it, we cannot thrive, let alone survive. At present, over 821 million people in the world are hungry, and it’s estimated that an additional 2 billion people will be undernourished by 2050. The issue of food security has been critical in many parts of the world. In many countries people are facing food crisis and its bad impact falls on their economy. Ensuring the food security has become a global challenge with many dimensions The World Food Summit of 1996 defined food security as existing “When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life ”. Right now, our soils, freshwater, oceans, forests and biodiversity around the world is experiencing rapid damage. Climate change is putting even more pressure on the ecosystems and resources we depend on, increasing the risk of natural disasters like droughts, floods and even infestations Join this movement - www.consciousplanet.org / Food security is having consistent, and reliable access to safe, nutritious food and it is is determined by four components; #1 Availability : “Does food exist near me ?” #2 Access : “Can I get to food easily?” #3 Utilization : “Will this food contribute to my health and well - being?” #4 Stability : “Will food be available tomorrow , next week, next month ?” When any one of these components are stressed or unmet, it’s considered food insecurity Countries which takes the lead with Global ranking scores in food security are Ireland in first place, Austria in second and the United Kingdom in third place. “Let’s work towards addressing our root cause” Zero hunger D id you know that trees are connected by a complex network hidden underground? Scientists believe that almost all plant species worldwide are in relationships with fungi living in the soil. These fungi can connect the roots of different types of trees (and other plants) to create what is called a mycorrhizal network. A mycorrhizal network can influence the growth, health, survival, and behaviour of the trees linked within it. Trees use their network to communicate and share resources where there's a deficiency. That’s why some scientists call it the internet of trees, or the “wood wide web.” So, h ow exactly does the fungal network work ? TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 8 THE COMPLEX SYSTEM OF ROOTS Many kinds of fungus have the most of their bulk underground. In the soil, fungus grows in threads called hyphae. All together, these threads form a complex network called a mycelium. These threads can also live among (colonize) the roots of plants and trees They use the fungal network for transporting their nutrients and trees share resources with other trees, too! Tree seedlings can’t grow as fast in the shade of parent trees because they can’t get adequate light for energy. Bigger trees can assist them by sharing nutrients via their fungal threads Disease and insect infestations can spread rapidly which can be lethal for trees! Studies have found that trees can send help to their neighbours through the fungal network. For example, when a tree is being attacked, it releases certain chemicals that travel through their fungal network which warns other trees of the danger. By having an early warning, other trees are able to protect themselves better. The warning messages could induce these trees to change its biochemistry by increasing the levels of toxins and repellents in its tissues to deter pests. It could also change its biochemistry by producing airborne compounds that attract the natural enemies of a particular pest. Studies have also found that certain stressed and dying trees can even pass on their resources, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, to their neighbours before they die. This gives the healthy trees that receive the extra resources a boost in combating the outbreak or disease Trees are "social creatures" that communicate with each other in cooperative ways that hold lessons for humans, too. Issue 3 – April 2022 TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 9 Issue 3 – April 2022 Get your FREE printable cow production history card! Available to download from our website or our Facebook page What is the importance of recycling? The reason why recycling is so important is that it prevents pollution, reduces the need to harvest new raw materials, saves energy, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, saves money, reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills, and allows products to be used to their fullest extent Burning waste is usually an environmentally poor waste management option because potential resources are lost and it can cause air, land and water pollution. On another subject, raw sewer is being dumped into our rivers on a daily basis, and the public often spots sewer trucks in Oodi , yet, no one is reacting to this very critical matter? The bigger problem is that raw sewage causes eutrophication, which is an increase in the concentration of chemical elements required for life. Think of natural systems on steroids. The nitrates, phosphates and other organic matter found in human waste serves as a food for bacteria and algae which switches into overdrive, growing to the point where most of the dissolved oxygen that is naturally found in water is used up. That makes it tough for other organisms in the water ecosystem to live because they are basically being strangled. Fish kills and algae blooms are all part of this problem. In addition, the pathogens in raw sewage can contaminate ecological systems and also sicken humans and animals. Raw sewage typically contains viruses and bacteria as well as health - harming microorganisms. Plus, there are other chemicals in raw sewage that are simply toxic to fish, shellfish, animals and other creatures in the water environment. So, the contamination of sewage flowing into a body of water causes a detrimental chain reaction. What begins as an overdose of chemical elements, can ultimately ruin the ecosystem in place and is harmful to the environment. We need gutsy youth to guide the rules for the management and conservation of forest resources in Botswana and for the trade in forest produce including protected fauna and flora – Let’s rise above, young leaders of our future! IS DILUTION THE SOLUTION? IT’S TIME TO THINK ABOUT OUR ENVIRONMENT TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 10 Issue 3 – April 2022 How to ruin a beautiful sunset by driving past the Gaborone Dumping Site in Boka spotting the dark clouds of smoke traveling for kilometres into the city, which is a very alarming subject to the health of our people, plants and the environment in our Nation. Waste burning is a significant source of dangerous carcinogens like dioxins and furans, and black carbon, a short - lived climate pollutant that contributes to climate change, increased melting in polar regions due to the deposition of soot and black carbon which brings forth numerous human health issues, and the negative effects in our environment. TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 11 INTERESTING ABOUT GOATS You have goat to be Kidding me... Goats have rectangular pupils. This unusual shape, shared both by sheep and several other ungulates, gives them a fuller range of vision compared to humans and other animals with round pupils. Goats can see 320 to 340 degrees in their periphery, everything except for what’s right behind them — which is useful in avoiding predators Fainting Goats One of the more extraordinary species of goats is the myotonic goat, or better known as the fainting goat. Because of a genetic quirk, when they get too excited or startled, their muscles freeze up, causing them to tumble over. They’re not really fainting, they remain totally conscious and Did you know, that goats were one of the first animals to be domesticated by humans and were being herded about 9,000 years ago Goats have four stomachs. The four - chambered stomach assists them in digesting tough roughage like grass and hay. Food enters the rumen first and then passes to the honeycombed reticulum where non - digestible objects are separated out. In the omasum chamber, water is removed from the food before it finally enters the “true” stomach, the abomasums their muscles return back to normal within a few minutes or seconds — but the pronounced behaviour has made them Internet favourites Goats have accents Just as human voices and accents will vary, a particular goat’s bleat will sound different from that of a goat in a different country. Issue 3 – April 2022 FACTS “Do whatever floats your goat” Did you know that steam is most needed energy source for the manufacturing industries and 85% of your house hold items must undergo a process where steam is required – let us look at a few items - you wake up in the morning and jump into the shower, soap, shampoo/conditioner, towel, toothpaste etc N ow you get dressed with the clothes from the textile industry which cannot produce without steam Breakfast is next and all the cereal’s, jam, cheese and , meat – no steam no food You grab the car keys from the table and realised the furniture and the timber industry needs steam Get to your car and the same realisation the steam was needed for the paint, interior and rubber for the tyres . But most important is the fuel What about Electricity – no steam no electricity from power stations. It does not end here because there is actually no end. From food to beverages, sweets, bakery and dry cleaners, can almost say almost everything During the 1700 - 1800 that the First Industrial revolution was born 1IR – first industrial revolution – Transport development with steam locomotives in use and expanded to use steam for the industry and Britain had a Textile growth due to this energy available 2IR – second industrial revolution – America came next with Henry Ford introducing the Model - T Ford, opened doors for the manufacturing of paint, steel, rubber, electricity, petrochemical and chemical, etc. 3IR – third industrial revolution – the launch of the computers and plc, electronic industry was booming IR4.0 – fourth industrial revolution – the term IoT ‘Internet of Things’ is all about having data and control of your office/home form your phone. Artificial Intelligence AI, SMART factories, all directly connected to the Cloud Industry 5.0 - fifth industrial revolution The pandemic has accelerated the rise of robotics, digitalisation and the onset of Industry 5.0 Like Industry 4.0, which focusses on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data and the Internet of Things ( IoT ), Industry 5.0 embodies these systems and incorporates greater human intelligence. Conclusion: Steam is one of the most neglected energy sources globally and if you want to compete in the current global market, you must look at energy efficient usage of this wonderful source Are you thinking about a manufacturing industry or has one currently, be sure a poor maintained steam system will increase your operating costs and decrease your production output. Initiate a steam management system is critical, same as a fleet management system, take control A steam system throughout the factory should run in harmony to be efficient and reduce costs For any enquiries, solutions, workshops, plant audit, training, etc please feel free to contact us and we will help and guide you to turn your losses into profits jerrysteamenergy@gmail.com (+267) 71 614 007 Jerry du Preez Steam & Energy Systems LET ’ S TALK ABOUT VEGGIES TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 12 Issue 3 – April 2022 TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 13 Our farm animals should be treated with the greatest care, and respect, which should be a priority. After all, humans and animals both deserve a painless journey through life. TEETH CLIPPING Piglets are born with eight fully - erupted teeth, commonly referred to as needle teeth There are several negative aspects to teeth clipping which has led Certified Animal Welfare Approved by AGW to prohibit the practice : • Clipping teeth is painful for the piglets. • The procedure can expose the tooth pulp cavity to infection. • Clipped teeth may fracture and bleed. • Abscesses may form • Gum damage may occur. Many producers have already abandoned teeth clipping. Besides saving labour , they report having FREEZE BRANDING The hot - iron branding induced scar results in permanent alopecia, while freeze branding causes the death of pigment - producing cells in the hair follicles. This results in an area of depigmented hair upon regrowth. Freeze branding has gained more popularity as a less painful way to permanently mark and identify your livestock. There has been debate whether freeze branding truly is less painful than hot branding, but studies conducted to compare the pain of the two methods have concluded that freeze branding is indeed less painful. fewer poor - doing piglets and fewer cases of joint infections that can result from teeth clipping. producers who have not yet tried to stop clipping should clip only half of the litters in a few farrowing groups and observe for possible problems. Providing enrichment and adequate space in the farrowing environment has a beneficial effect on sow health and welfare, and consequently on milk production. The introduction of enriching substrates for piglets may also divert the piglets’ attentions away from the sow, making the need for clipping less important. Researchers found that four - week old piglets kept in enriched pens manipulated sows’ udders less often than piglets kept in barren pens. “Let’s bestow less painful and traumatic practices in our industry” Issue 3 – April 2022 THERE ARE ALWAYS BETTER TECHNIQUES Issue 3 – April 2022 TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 14 THE ROLE OF REGENERATIVE FARMING IN MODERN - DAY AGRICULTURE: A PLACE FOR EVERYONE War, pandemics, world hunger and unemployment. The world has developed and changed significantly in the last century, but food security remains an enormous challenge, even in good times. Add in COVID and the war that is raging in Ukraine, and it’s a global recipe for tough times. The agriculture industry has an enormous role to play in making a difference to how countries, economies and communities come out the other side. A revolution in farming Like most industries in the world, agriculture has undergone an almost magical metamorphosis in its transformation from traditional hands - on farming to modern, high - tech, efficient and effective practices that require a vast array of skills and knowledge. It’s no longer an industry reliant almost entirely on people who work outdoors They still make up an important part of the agri - workforce; but working in today’s world of agriculture also includes important roles for technicians and scientists, IT experts; human resources and marketing teams; and packaging and distribution managers. TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 15 Issue 3 – April 2022 From sustainable practices that focus on pest management strategies with minimal use of harmful chemicals, to self - drive tractors and drones that check your plant and soil health; agriculture of today is a fascinating place to be. Whether you’re farming on a massive scale or starting out on your own, agriculture is a career that can offer rewards to almost anyone willing to learn. And what better way to do so than through an award - winning platform such as the one offered by AGRICOLLEGES international. One of the techniques used to drive efficiency is precision agriculture, which uses technology to gather data that enables farmers to make precise, well - timed decisions on issues such as soil management, crop rotation and water usage. By improving efficiencies, this approach can help to protect and maintain natural resources over time. As global populations continue to grow in spite of wars and pandemics, the need for more efficient and effective farming, better use of limited resources and higher quality food, grows too. The evolution from conventional to precision or regenerative farming is largely concerned with moving away from a focus on single crops, yield and profits, to one that also considers the environment, sustainable practices such as smart water usage, crop or animal diversification and integrated pest management techniques. Understand the soil and prosper ; Regenerative agriculture is farming for the future. By incorporating regenerative farming practices, many farmers improve their yields, carbon footprint, and bottom line by using fewer chemical inputs and growing healthier plants. The modern agricultural approach has primarily been chemically orientated, incorporating practices that degrade the soil. The use of herbicides and pesticides in an output - focused system may have resulted in increased yields and production, but this has often taken place at the expense of the wider environment and soil health. Do what it takes to improve soil fertility ; Crop rotation Different crops have different nutritional needs and varying vulnerabilities to diseases and pests. For this reason, rotating the type of crop grown in a specific location can reduce the depletion of nutrients in the soil, thus regenerating the soil to a more optimal state. This also reduces the need for pesticides and fertilisers. The regenerative soil practice of crop rotation means alternating crops with different characteristics For example, one season a farmer might plant crops that have a lot of nitrogen; another season they might plant crops that use a lot of nitrogen. Other rotations could focus on sod - based and row crops; crops that attract certain insects; or crops that suppress weeds. Avoiding bare soils at all times; Bare soils are exposed to the elements and lose integrity and organic life. One of the ways of keeping soils covered is to grow cover crops in between harvests. Cover crops support soil life, help retain nutrients and increase organic matter in the soil. Another option is to apply compost (green manure) to the soil. This suppresses weeds and feeds soil microbes in the absence of living roots in the ground. Composting; Composting is a process that transforms biomass into food for the soil, improving plant growth, health and vigour. Any plant material can be composted. Decaying plant material is consumed by worms, bugs and beneficial microbes, which exude biomass as a byproduct. When worked into the soil, composted material adds nutrients and reduces compaction, which allows water to penetrate deeper into the ground. No - till farming; Minimising or eliminating tillage helps to create a healthier soil life and ensures that carbon sequestered in the soil is not released into the atmosphere. Tilling destroys the complex fungal and microbial networks that make up the earth’s microbiome. It also releases valuable moisture into the air while unleashing billions of tons of carbon into the atmosphere Intercropping or polycultures; Monocropping has become commonplace in large - scale agricultural operations around the world. This is the practice of growing the same crop on the same land, year upon year. This depletes soil nutrient levels, makes the soil less productive over time, reduces organic matter in the soil, and can cause significant erosion. Intercropping or polycultures, on the other hand, combine crops that grow in harmony with each other, building natural resilience and regenerating the soil through diversification In order to better understand how to implement modern agri - practises, the best starting point is to gain a better understanding of the industry. TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 16 Issue 3 – April 2022 Online learning through AGRICOLLEGES means that you can study a one - year NQF4 course in subjects such as General Agriculture, Plant or Animal Production. With slow economic growth and high youth unemployment here to stay – for a while at least - taking control of your skills and your future is essential. To find out more about AGRICOLLEGES international’s agri - education offering and sign up for a course, visit https://agricolleges.com/agriculture - courses/ In a modern world, digital technology opens the vast untapped potential for farmers, investors, and entrepreneurs to improve the efficiency of food production and consumption in Africa. From precision farming to an efficient food supply chain, technology could bring major economic, social, and environmental benefits, BUT it can also be seen as a risk that can lead to mass unemployment. Experts in the past stated that emerging technologies in agriculture would drive youth inclusion in the agricultural sector, offering many career opportunities. Albeit this, South Africa has yet to see the full conversion to modernised agriculture and increased youth employment. Modern technology may be beneficial to youth stepping into a working environment, but this may negatively affect elderly people that are not up - to - date with modern production trends. Luckily the ages of our students range from 16 – 60 and cater for all as we make use of an interactive and blended learning environment. The ACI Way ; AGRICOLLEGES International is in a unique position to provide a modernised course offering to all its students. We understand the adaptability and flexibility that are required in the modern - day workplace. A robust agricultural sector is necessary for sustained economic growth and high - paying jobs in Africa, and it is up to institutions like ourselves to address the underlying issues in our agricultural sector. For more information on AGRICOLLEGES International’s approach to education, farming and online study, be sure to follow our journey on social media or visit our website at https://agricolleges.com/ By: Agricolleges International TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 17 Issue 3 – April 2022 Temo Thuo farmers Directory is in collaboration with Agricolleges international which is a modern, cloud - based online learning institution. We provide students with affordable, accessible and industry - relevant education and training in the fields of agriculture and related agri - industries ACI’s unique offering provides access to information in an online, blended and shared learning environment, available from anywhere at any time. ACI offers various short courses in Agribusiness, Plant and Animal Production, as well accredited one - year NQF Level 4 National Certificate courses Contact us today for more information education@farmersdirectory.co.bw (+267) 76 25 22 44 INTRODUCTORY COURSES; ⇝ Introduction to Agribusiness. ⇝ Introduction to Animal production. ⇝ Introduction to Plant Production. FUNDAMENTALS COURSES; ⇝ Fundamentals of Agribusiness. ⇝ Fundamentals of Avocado production. ⇝ Fundamentals of Good Agricultural Practices. ⇝ Fundamentals of Macadamia Production. ⇝ Fundamentals of Maize production. CITRUS COURSES; ⇝ Citrus Harvesting. ⇝ Citrus Packaging. ⇝ Citrus Planting Management. ⇝ Citrus Propagation, Plant Structures & Functions. ⇝ Citrus Pruning. ⇝ Integrated Pest management for Citrus. NATIONAL CERTIFICATES; ⇝ National Certificate in general Agriculture. ⇝ National Certificate in Plant Production. ⇝ National Certificate in Animal Production AVAILABLE COURSES TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 18 Issue 3 – April 2022 B RAIN - T WISTER EINSTEIN'S RIDDLE The situation 1. There are 5 houses in five different colors 2. In each house lives a person with a different nationality. 3. These five owners drink a certain type of beverage, smoke a certain brand of cigar and keep a certain pet. 4. No owners have the same pet, smoke the same brand of cigar or drink the same beverage The question is: Who owns the fish ? Hints T he Brit lives in the red house. T he Swede keeps dogs as pets. T he Dane drinks tea. T he green house is on the left of the white house. T he green house's owner drinks coffee. T he person who smokes Pall Mall rears birds. T he owner of the yellow house smokes Dunhill. T he man living in the center house drinks milk. T he Norwegian lives in the first house. T he man who smokes blends lives next to the one who keeps cats. T he man who keeps horses lives next to the man who smokes Dunhill. T he owner who smokes BlueMaster drinks beer T he German smokes Prince T he Norwegian lives next to the blue house T he man who smokes blend has a neighbor who drinks water Einstein wrote this riddle. He said that 98% of the world could not solve it. TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 19 Issue 3 – April 2022 SOLUTION Want to know how this riddle was solved? Check out the steps on our F acebook page! DO YOU HAVE ANY TRICKY FARMING RIDDLES , ANY QUESTIONS REGARDING FARMING FOR OUR NEXT Q&A PAGE, OR ARE YOU A CREATOR OF COMIC STRIPS AND WOULD LIKE TO BE FEATURED IN OUR MAGAZINE ? Give us a call, send us an email, or a WhatsApp for more info. A: It's the German TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 18 Issue 3 – April 2022 ABOUT THIS EVENT: Botswana’s first ever Feedtech Expo which was held under the theme “Effect of Nutrition & Winter Feed Management on livestock performance and Productivity ” at the National Agriculture Showrounds on the 23 rd of April 2022, and brought together farmers, animal nutritionists, veterinarians, feed manufacturers, feed formulators, latest feed technology, feed raw material producers and technical sales consultants from Botswana and abroad under on roof This FREE - ENTRY event, was therefore not just another Expo, but a 1 - day networking opportunity consisting of exhibitions, live - demonstration and workshops for farmers to learn about the importance of feeding, animal nutrition, as well as feed formulation/mixing and production at home TEMO THUO FARMERS MAGAZINE 20 Topics covered during the workshop : - Animal Nutrition & Feeding Strategies - Importance of nutrition - Sustainable livestock feeding and management - Feed processing on the farm - Vaccinations and how to treat common diseases