FRONTIER CONFLICT AND THE NATIVE MOUNTED POLICE IN QUEENSLAND Cowander (aka Make-i-light, Mak-i-light, Moggy-Mog ... Name Cowander (aka Make-i-light, Mak-i-light, Moggy-Moggy, Mickaloi, and Chongalee) Role/status/position Aboriginal person Notes/comments "They describe him as "Cowander, good while nangry Gaol," and add that he has "plenty names," of which there can be very little doubt." (Moreton Bay Courier, 3 July 1852, p2). Found guilty of the murders of William Boller and William Waller in 1847, but 'afterwards liberated in consequence of strong doubts being entertained as to his identity' (Moreton Bay Courier 28 May 1853, p2). Along with Mickey, Billy Barlow and Dundalli, alleged to have been amongst the group of Aboriginal men who killed Michael Halloran at Pine River, about 15 miles north of Brisbane, in late June 1852. His brother, Burra, was supposedly one of the men who attacked the crew of the Thomas King in April 1852. Default Title Text File Tools 17 entries Documents Title Text File Tools Bathurst Free Press and Mining Journal, 20 September 1851, p7 The Murder of the Sawyers at the Pine River Four Years ago,.—It may be remembered that, about four years ago, namely, on the 11th September, 1847, two sawyers named William Boller and William Waller, were murdered by the blacks at the Pine River, and that a third, named James Smith, made his escape, after re ceiving some injuries. The particulars were reported in the Moreton Bay Courier, of September 18th, 1847. The black, "Dundalli," of whom mention was recently made as having been concerned in other depredations, and as being now at large on Bribie's Island, was a principal actor in this tragedy. Since the publication of our report of the examination of the aboriginal called 'Paddy,' alias 'Mickaloi,' for warded hither on a charge of being concerned in the murder of Mr. Gregor and Mrs. Shannon, James Smith, the survivor of the Pine River murder above mentioned, having obtained permission to see the prisoner, declares that he recognizes him as one of the natives engaged in the murder of Waller and Boller.— Ibid. [Moreton Bay Courier] Title Text File Tools Freeman's Journal, 18 September 1851, p11 MORETON BAY. THE MURDER OF THE SAWYERS AT THE PINE River Four Years ago. — It may be remembered that, about four years ago, namely, on the 11th September, 1847, two sawyers, named William Boiler and William Waller, were murdered by the blacks at the Pine River, and that a third, named James Smith, made his escape, after receiving some injuries. The particulars were reported in the Moreton Bay Courier of September 18th, 1847. The blacks, "Dundalli," of whom mention was recently made as having been concerned in other depredations, and as being now at large on Bribie's Island, was a principle actor in this tragedy. Since the publication of our report of the examination of the aboriginal called 'Paddy,' alias ' Mickaloi,' forwarded hither on a charge of being concerned in the murder of Mr. Gregor and Mrs. Shannon James Smith, the survivor of the Pine River murder above mentioned, having obtained permission to see the prisoner, declares that he recognizes him as one of the natives engaged in the murder of Waller and Boiler. We need scarcely add that it is the duty of the police to make immediate inquiry into the truth of this statement ; and it is said that an investigation is to be instituted accordingly. — Moreton Bay Courier. More Outrages by the Blacks.— A correspondent to our local contemporary, writing from the Burnett district, August 4th mentions a report that the aborigines had driven away a �ock of 1400 ewes from Mr. Hay's station, and had murdered the shepherd — Ibid. Title Text File Tools Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser, 6 December 1851, p2 BRISBANE CIRCUIT COURT.—... Moggy Moggy, an aboriginal native, was indicted for the wilful murder of William Bowler, by spearing him, at the Pine River, on the 21st September, 1847. Bowler, James Smith, and William Walter, three sawyers, were at work near the Pine River on that day, when a lot of blacks, who had frequently been about them, acting in a friendly manner, attacked them, and speared Bowler so much that although Smith and him escaped together, Bowler died six days after in the Brisbane hospital ; Smith positively identi�ed the prisoner as one of those blacks, and said he saw him spear Bowler ; prisoner now said his name was Make-i'-light, to which form the indictment was altered. An interpreter named James Dans, who had been fourteen years among the blacks, and knew prisoner as Make-i'-light, deposed to the di�culty of distinguishing one black from another. Guilty ; sentenced to death, the Judge being unable to hold out any hope of mercy in that place... Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser, 6 October 1852, p3 APPREHENSION AND COMMITTAL OF ONE OF THEPine River Marauders.—In consequence of information received by the Police, Mr Chief Constable Sneyd, accompanied by Constables Tredenick, McAlister, and Swinburne, proceeded late on Tuesday night towards Breakfast creek, where they expected to �nd an aboriginal native commonly called by some such name as "Tinkabed", and who was suspected of having been concerned in some of the late outrages at the Pine river. On arriving near the creek, the Constables secreted themselves, and at about two o'clock in the morning crept cautiously towardsthe camp, where they succeeded in pouncing upon the object of their search, who was secured with great di�culty. As the Constables were conveying him towards the high road, he called loudly to the other blacks, who had been encamped with him, and made o� on the Title Text File Tools approach of the police, to , come and rescue him ; but although several of them hovered near, they made no attempt of the kind. After a violent resistance, the prisoner was securely lodged in the watch-house, and yesterday morning was brought up at the Police O�ce, where he was positively identi�ed by Mrs. Mary Cash as one of the native's who were concerned in the robbery at her husband's home on the 19th of June last. It appearedfrom her statement that about two hundred blackscame up to the house, and on her shutting the door to keep them out, one of them got in by the window, and struck her on the back with a waddy. He then opened the door, and all the other blacks rushed in. Amongst these was the prisoner, whom she had seen before, and immediately recognised. The blacks plundered the house of money, wearing apparel, and other property, to the value (as estimated by Mr. Cash) of about £60. After the majority of the blacks went away, three of them remained, and made insulting proposals to her, but hearing the crack of her husband's stock whip, as he was coming up, they went away, and she escaped, as detailed in a former report. The prisoner was not one of the threewho remained, nor did he assault her. He said to a little child that was there " Don't you be jerrund(afraid) bail me mumcull" (I won't strike you.) He took away two gown pieces with him. When he came into the house he was armed with a spear and a waddy, and all the other blacks were armed. The prisoner, who gave his name as " Johnny," and seemed very well, to understand what was alleged against him, did not persist in denying his guilt. At �rst he said that he was at another place atthe time; then that he told the blacks not to spear the woman, but only to take the blankets; and �nally he said that he did not take two new gowns, but only one old one. The bench committed him to take his trial at the next Circuit Court. Title Text File Tools Moreton Bay Courier, 11 September 1852, p2 APPREHENSION AND COMMITTAL OF ONE OF THEPine River Marauders.—In consequence of information received by the Police, Mr Chief Constable Sneyd, accompanied by Constables Tredenick, McAlister, and Swinburne, proceeded late on Tuesday night towards Breakfast creek, where they expected to �nd an aboriginal native commonly called by some such name as "Tinkabed", and who was suspected of having been concerned in some of the late outrages at the Pine river. On arriving near the creek, the Constables secreted themselves, and at about two o'clock in the morning crept cautiously towardsthe camp, where they succeeded in pouncing upon the object of their search, who was secured with great di�culty. As the Constables were conveying him towards the high road, he called loudly to the other blacks, who had been encamped with him, and made o� on the approach of the police, to , come and rescue him ; but although several of them hovered near, they made no attempt of the kind. After a violent resistance, the prisoner was securely lodged in the watch-house, and yesterday morning was brought up at the Police O�ce, where he was positively identi�ed by Mrs. Mary Cash as one of the native's who were concerned in the robbery at her husband's home on the 19th of June last. It appearedfrom her statement that about two hundred blackscame up to the house, and on her shutting the door to keep them out, one of them got in by the window, and struck her on the back with a waddy. He then opened the door, and all the other blacks rushed in. Amongst these was the prisoner, whom she had seen before, and immediately recognised. The blacks plundered the house of money, wearing apparel, and other property, to the value (as estimated by Mr. Cash) of about £60. After the majority of the blacks went away, three of them remained, and made insulting proposals to her, but hearing the crack of her Title Text File Tools husband's stock whip, as he was coming up, they went away, and she escaped, as detailed in a former report. The prisoner was not one of the threewho remained, nor did he assault her. He said to a little child that was there " Don't you be jerrund(afraid) bail me mumcull" (I won't strike you.) He took away two gown pieces with him. When he came into the house he was armed with a spear and a waddy, and all the other blacks were armed. The prisoner, who gave his name as " Johnny," and seemed very well, to understand what was alleged against him, did not persist in denying his guilt. At �rst he said that he was at another place atthe time; then that he told the blacks not to spear the woman, but only to take the blankets; and �nally he said that he did not take two new gowns, but only one old one. The bench committed him to take his trial at the next Circuit Court —Subsequently James Powers, the hut keeper who was attacked when the shepherd, was murdered at Mr. McGrath's station, came forward,and looked at the prisoner, but deposed that he could not recognise him as having been present on that occasion. Prisoner was then removed to goal. [sic] Much credit is due to the Police for this capture, as there are always great di�culties in the way of apprehending the aboriginal natives. Moreton Bay Courier, 13 November 1847, p2 LATEST FROM LONDON. THE NIGGERS' PROTECTION ASSOCIATION. BY the Ærial Machine's Mail we have received a report of the proceedings of the above-named Society at their last meeting in London, Mr. Alder-man Tallow in the chair. The worthy Alderman brie�y explained the objects of the Society, which were to a�ord protection and assistance to those persons who incurred the disapprobation of illiberal individuals by shedding human blood. At present the operations of the Society were con�ned to the Title Text File Tools Aboriginal Blacks of the British Colonies, but many sensible men were of opinion that the same assistance should be extended to white men who were similarly unfortunate. The barbarous slaughter of the celebrated Sawney Bean and his family must have often excited the sympathy of his hearers ; and even their own times had witnessed a similar sacri�ce in the persons of Messrs. Bishop and Williams (hear, hear). That �rm had transacted an extensive business in London, and the unfortunate partners might have lived to this hour if they had possessed the countenance of that Society. But he would not agitate the question at present, as the means of the Society were limited, and every body must admit that the poor blacks ought to be attended to before the whites (hear). He should therefore call upon the meeting to proceed to business. Dr. Glossy rose to move the �rst resolution. Far removed, as they all were, by unanimous consent of themselves, from the frailties incidental to common humanity, they must be horror-stricken at the revelations he was about to make. But the fearful truths with which he should electrify his hearers would give them more cause to be thankful that they, were not like other men (hear, hear). He had received private letters from a friend holding a responsible situation at Moreton Bay, an island about �fty miles to the westward of Sydney, in the distant colony of Australia : those letters teemed with accounts of the cruelties perpetrated by the white settlers upon the harmless natives of that island. The �rst case he should refer to was that of Mille Bon James (or "Jemmy," as he was disparagingly called by the colonists). This young man was the son of a Chief,—in other words a member of the Blood Royal in the island of Moreton Bay (hear, hear). It was well known to his hearers that Australia had been one of England's proudest conquests during the last war, and that its original Title Text File Tools possessors were the French. It was doubtless from one of their descendants that this young Prince received his name. He must inform the meeting that, from a peculiarity in the language of the Australian Aborigines, they could only judge of the positive, comparative, or superlative by numbers : the word "narang," with them, signi�ed a cypher, and was expressive of positively nothing ; "coborne," meant one hundred, and was generally used as the comparative, while "Bolennty," which denoted one thousand (their highest number), meant, also, the superlative in anything else. He therefore concluded that the name of "Mille Bon" (or one thousand good) was bestowed as being most intelligible to the natives—the greater number of whom had doubtless acquired a smattering of French—and thus the correct translation of "MILLE BON JEMMY," was "EXTREMELY GOOD JAMES." Such titles as "The Good"—"The Bold"—and "The Wise," had been often bestowed upon the sovereigns of Europe, and the plain conclusion must be that Mille Bon Jemmy was a good and virtuous Prince. In drawing this conclusion it might, perhaps, be possible that he was wrong (cries of "No, No."). Well then, since he had satis�ed the meeting upon that point, he would at once inform them that the amiable, the benevolent, and, he had no doubt, the accomplished MILLE BON, had been shot to death by the whites of Moreton Bay. (Great sensation.) Yes ! it was too true ; this virtuous youth had been ruthlessly destroyed, and his royal body was brought to town on a common bullock-dray ! And what was his crime? What act in the life of this ino�ensive creature could have called for such a punishment? Perhaps his hearers were not aware that Moreton Bay boasted a newspaper, called "The Geelong Advertiser." In that paper it was stated that the hapless su�erer had made himself dangerous to the whites ; but he (Dr. G.) held in his hand a number of "The Oldest Newspaper in the Title Text File Tools Australasian Colonies," and it was there declared that the poor blacks had committed no o�ence, save a mere "execution of vengeance, according to the customs of the people" ! (Cries of "Shame, shame.") Ay, shame indeed—shame to those tyrannical exterminators of venerable national usages, who, under the mask of expediency, would resent, punish, and abolish those beautiful ebullitions of nature, those sublime exempli�cations of character which alone remained, like the Temples of Mexico, to shadow forth the past greatness of a once mighty people (immense cheering). He would next call their attention to the case of MARGARET MARGARET, or as the colonists, in their vulgarity, chose to call him, "Moggy Moggy." This gentleman, for such he believed was his rank, had been the dearest friend of the unfortunate Mille Bon James— and, because he had faithfully followed the fortunes of his chieftian, because he had participated in his dangers, and shared in the spoils of the vanquished, as became an a�ectionate friend and a loyal subject—he was now a proscribed outlaw in the land of his fore-fathers ; and the government of the colony—that paternal government which for so long a period had extended universal toleration to the natives had now so far forgotten itself as to permit the issue of a warrant for his apprehension. (Loud weeping.) But there was yet a resource for this persecuted o�cer ; his habits were those of a soldier, and he could subsist upon the indigenous animals, and natural productions of his native sod. They had all heard of the Bunyip, a gigantic animal abounding in the neighbourhood of Sydney, and which was the favourite food of the natives : in Moreton Bay existed a still larger species of this animal, which was there called the Bunya Bunya ; and, at certain seasons of the year, the tribes assembled for the purpose of hunting them. Title Text File Tools There was also what is called the Australian Grub, which he had no doubt was a very luxurious fruit, as that great traveller Sir Thomas Mitchell had seen the natives eagerly cutting them from the trees. The name of this fruit would not appear strange to his hearers when he informed them that vulgar persons, such as formed the white population of Moreton Bay, made use of the term "Grub" indiscriminately to denote anything to eat. By these means Margaret Margaret might indeed support life for a time, but he was compelled to absent himself from the bosom of his family, and seek a refuge amongst the mountains. Lost to him for the present were those daily incursions so dear to the heart of a warrior, and which had shed a halo around the earlier years of his life : no more could he lead the dark-eyed daughters of his native land through the mazes of the festive corobboree, or pass his hours of peace in those gentle attentions to the sex for which the Australian Aborigines were so famous ; but, by the cruelty of the whites, a warrior and a gentleman had become a fugitive and a vagabond. (Loud cheers.) The resolution with which he (Dr. G.) was entrusted proposed a present to the families of the two gentlemen he had named. [HERE SEVERAL MEMBERS RETIRED.] Something substantial must be done for those a�icted families. (Murmurs of disapprobation.) He did not propose a money vote. (Hear, hear.) He believed that an o�er of that description would be indelicate. (Cheers.) What he asked for was merely an expression of sympathy on the part of that Society. (Enthusiastic cheering.) He would now read the address, and move that this meeting do adopt it. The worthy Doctor then read the following address :—"The members of this Society, cordially sympathising with Mille Bon Jemmy, and Moggy Moggy, desire now to present their families with this expression of their Title Text File Tools sentiments." Dr. Glossy sat down amidst an uproar of applause. Mr. Fig Muggins took great pleasure in seconding the resolution. After the eloquent speech of his friend the Doctor, little remained for him to say. The eloquence of that speech was its least recommendation. They might all declaim, they might all be poetical on so sublime a subject, but few could bring to their assistance the great fund of information with which Dr. Glossy had sup-ported his motion that day. For his own part, he was unworthy to follow such a leader, but having a near relation who was at present located in some part of Moreton Bay, he was enabled to furnish the meeting with some particulars respecting the natives which the Doctor had omitted. He had heard it stated that the aborigines of Australia were in a state of the deepest human degradation, but he knew the contrary. He had received from his son an original war song, called "Coreenda Braiaa," which had been written and set to music by a respectable old native called Ngaythun. Of the beauties of this composition he would enable them all to judge, as he had made himself master of it, and would sing it to them now if they pleased. (Hear, hear.) [Mr. Fig Muggins then sang the song called " Coreenda Braiaa," accompanying himself on an inkstand and a ruler, and perform-ing at the same time the appropriate war dance. The exhibition was received with great applause, after which Mr. Muggins proceeded.] He would now ask the meeting if a people boasting a musician like Ngaythun did not deserve their best assistance ? (Hear, hear.) But it was not only in music that they excelled. The natives of Moreton Bay were exceedingly skilful in capturing the turtle which were found in the lakes of that island —this alone should be a su�cient recommendation to the Society. (" Hear, hear," from Alderman Tallow.) As a proof of their attachment to their own customs, and their horror of litigation, he Title Text File Tools would mention one circumstance, communicated to him by his son's letter. Two Lawyers had at- tempted to establish themselves on the Pine,— a stream so called from the number of pine apples growing upon its banks, it was a tributary of the Murrumbidgee, a large river which discharged it-self into the Derwent, at Port Essington. How did the deep-thinking natives behave to those troublesome persons who intruded upon their territories ? They slew them !—not in their beds— not in a moment when it might be expected that they were most harmless—no !—his son's letter distinctly stated that "two Lawyers were killed while they were at work." That is to say, they were in the very act of endeavouring to create law suits by sowing dissensions amongst the natives, when they met their just punishment. (A voice— "Humbug.") He did not know who it was that made that observation—perhaps it was the gentle-man with the beard and the tweed coat, whom he saw on the reporters' seat. He had before heard some expressions of feeling from that person dur-ng the speech of his friend Dr. Glossy—a speech displaying such extensive historical and geographical knowledge, as could rarely be found in a London citizen. (A convulsive grin from the bearded man.) He (Mr Muggins) would not be put down by laughter ; perhaps the gentleman was an Australian squatter—nothing more probable—for he had heard from the most respectable authority— his own grandmother—that those individuals were compelled by the Government to wear beards, in order to distinguish them from civilised beings. If he was indeed one of those unhappy persons, he (Mr. Muggins) could tell him that he had no business there, but had better return to his bark hut and his corn-meal damper. (Loud groans, during which the person with the beard �lled his pipe.) Mr. Muggins having cordially seconded the motion, took his seat. A question was Title Text File Tools addressed to him by the bearded man, having reference to his mother's knowledge of his absence from home ; but Mr. M. declined to answer it. The motion was then put and carried. The following votes were next hastily proposed, and carried unanimously, viz :— A vote of thanks to the chairman. A vote of thanks to themselves, and A vote of censure on the bearded man ; after which the meeting hurriedly adjourned to the Guildhall Co�ee-house. The bearded man gathered up his papers and departed. HE WAS OUR LONDON CORRESPONDENT. Moreton Bay Courier, 16 August 1851, p2 THE MURDER OF MR GREGOR AND MRS. SHANNON. YESTERDAY "Jemmy Parsons", alias Paddy, alias Mickaloi," the aboriginal native forwarded hither from Wide Bay by way of Sydney, on suspicion of having been concerned in the murder of Mr. Gregor and Mrs. Shannon, at the Pine River, about �ve years ago, was brought up for examination at the gaol, before Messrs. Duncan and Ferriter. Ralph William Barrow, an aboriginal lad about �fteen or sixteen years of age, appeared to give evidence. It will be remembered by many of our readers that this was the witness upon whose testimony the warrants were granted, shortly after the murder. The witness on being questioned, answered that he believed it sinful to tell a lie, and that those who did so would be punished hereafter. He spoke very good English, and had evidently been long domesticated with white people. Being sworn, he deposed that he knew the prisoner, who was called Jemmy Parsons. Remembered the murder of Mr. Gregor ; witness was then in Mr. Gregor's service, and was about forty yards from the station when the murders were committed. Saw the prisoner Jemmy Par-sons strike Mr Gregor on the back of the neck with a waddy. Mr. Gregor fell, and the prisoner then Title Text File Tools again struck him with the waddy on the neck, under the chin. Mr. Gregor did not get up again. A great many other blacks were there. Two of them were Dick Ben (or Tickpen) and Millbong Jemmy. They struck Mr. Gregor. Does not remember any others that struck him. The prisoner took a blanket out of the hut, and carried it away. Witness went afterwards to the hut, and saw Mr. Gregor lying dead. Remembers Mrs. Shannon. She was living on the station as Mr. Gregor's servant. She had three female children living with her. Saw the prisoner Jemmy Par-sons strike Mrs Shannon on the back of the neck with a waddy. She was standing outside the hut at the time. Prisoner struck her on the back of the neck and then in front of the neck. She fell down with the second blow, and prisoner then struck her again with the waddy on the fore-head. Mr, Gregor was struck �rst. Mill-bong Jemmy also struck Mrs Shannon. Dundalli struck her, and a black named Constable also struck her. No others struck her. The other blacks were robbing the house. Witness was on horseback at the time, on the other side of the creek. Dundalli also struck Mr. Gregor. [By the Bench]. Constable did not strike Mrs. Shannon, but Mr. Gregor. Witness had not heard before the murder any conversation amongst the blacks about killing Mr. Gregor. Had known the prisoner, Jemmy Parsons, a long time. He was not kind to witness but had never beaten him. Does not remember having said anything to Mr. Gregor about the blacks threatening to kill him. Did not say so to anybody else. Had heard the blacks complaining that Mr. Gregor did not give them enough to eat when they had been cutting bark. Had several times spoken to "Constable," but he did not tell witness about the intended murder. Nobody told him about if. [The prisoner in the course of the examination made several statements in tolerably intelligible broken English. The substance was that he was not Jemmy Parsons Title Text File Tools ; that Jemmy Parsons was dead, having been killed by falling from a tree; and that, when alive, he was much taller than himself (prisoner), and had a broken nose, which he (prisoner) had not. He stated further that he (prisoner) belonged to Wide Bay, a long way o�, and that the witness had never seen him at the Pine River. The prisoner cross-examined the witness, who deposed further as follows]. Saw the prisoner at Mr Gregor's station, on the Pine River, a good while ago. Jemmy Parsons is not dead, and he had not a broken nose. The prisoner struck Mr. Gregor and Mrs. Shannon. [By the Bench]. The children were outside the hut, and must have seen the murders. Witness knew a black named Moggy-Moggy. He was robbing the hut before the murder was committed, and while the murder was being committed he was carrying �our out. A black named Jacky assisted in murdering Mrs. Shannon. Three altogether struck Mr. Gregor. Others might have struck him without being seen by witness. Jacky struck Mr. Gregor. Witness was very much frightened at the time the murder was being done. [The Bench proceeded to examine the witness searchingly respecting discrepancies between his present evidence and the statement made shortly after the murder. The deposition made on the latter occasion was produced and examined from time to time, but not read aloud]. When witness gave his former evidence he was more frightened than now. [Witness being again cautioned by the Bench, began to cry, and the examination was continued as follows]. Did not quite see the prisoner strike Mr. Gregor. He did not strike Mrs. Shannon. He did not strike Mr. Gregor. The prisoner Jemmy Parsons was there at the time of the murder. He was taking �our and sugar away from the house. The Bench, having consulted, sentenced the witness Ralph William Barrow, to seven days' imprisonment in Brisbane Gaol, for prevaricating in his evidence. Title Text File Tools The prisoner having stated that "Durambi" knew him, and that he would be glad to see him. James Davis, the blacksmith, (who acquired the name of Durambi, during a long residence with the blacks) was sent for. On his arrival the prisoner immediately recognised him, and calling him by name, was proceeding to interrogate him, when the magistrates tendered the witness the book, to be sworn. Davis, however, refused to give any evidence unless his expenses for attendance were �rst guaranteed, and, on persisting in this refusal, the Bench sentenced him to twenty-four hours imprisonment, for contempt of Court. Mary Jane Shannon, daughter of the murdered woman, having given satisfactory replies respecting her knowledge of the sinfulness of lying, was sworn, and deposed that she was about ten years old. Remembered the day when Mr. Gregor was murdered. Does not know the prisoner, and did not believe that she could recognize any of the blacks who were present at the murder. The intelligent manner in which this witness made her statement re�ected much credit upon Mr. and Mrs. Peattie, by whom herself and her sister had been adopted since the calamitous death of their mother. The other sister being younger than herself, was not called. Mr. Thomas Petrie was next called, as a witness to identity, and deposed that he did not know the prisoner. He believed that prisoner was called by the blacks "Cowander." [This the prisoner denied.] Witness had known Jemmy Parsons, who was in the service of the late Mr. Gregor. Jemmy Parsons had a �at nose, and witness believed that he was now dead, having been killed by a fall from a tree. The blacks had told witness so about six months before. There was no further evidence, and as the prisoner had been committed to the custody of the Sheri�, pending the decision of the Title Text File Tools Attorney General, he was remanded, to await the directions of that o�cer, to whom the depositions will be transmitted. Moreton Bay Courier, 2 January 1847, p3 £20 REWARD. SUBSCRIPTION FOR THE APPREHENSION OF THE TWO BLACKS WHO MURDERED MR. GREGOR AND MRS. SHANNON. A REWARD of £10 for each Black will be given to any party who apprehends the following Aboriginal Natives, viz. :—Dick Ben, and Moggy Moggy, the murderers of the late Mr. Gregor and Mrs. Shannon. Persons who approve of the above objects, are politely requested to forward their Subscriptions to J. RICHARDSON, North Brisbane, November 27, 1846. Moreton Bay Courier, 22 May 1852, p2 THE ABORIGINAL, "MAKE-I-LIGHT".—We understand that instructions have been received for the immediate release of the aboriginal Make-i-light from Brisbane gaol. It will be remembered that he was convicted of murder, and sentenced to death, at the last assizes, and he was reprieved by the Governor- General, with the advice of the Executive Council, in consequence of some doubt of the su�ciency of the evidence of identity. Title Text File Tools Moreton Bay Courier, 25 September 1847, p2 THE LATE MURDER.—The unfortunate man Boller, who was speared by the aborigines at the Pine River on the 11th instant, and conveyed to the Hospital, died there in great agony on Tuesday last. It appeared from a post mortem examination which was held on the body, that the poor fellow had received six spear wounds, one of which had penetrated the abdomen three fences deep, and was the immediate cause of death. Morti�cation took place on the previous Friday, when the medical gentleman, Dr. Ballow and Dr. Cannan, who had paid every attention to him, gave up all hopes of his recovery. We understand that the deceased was a quiet ino�ensive man, and died, much regretted by his fellow workmen. We have no wish to be considered idle alarmists, but we must say, that unless some steps are taken for the capture of the murderers of this man, we may expect that other atrocities will be committed by the " poor blacks," as certain philanthropic gentlemen, who know little or nothing of the peculiarities of the Australian savage, designate a race of beings, possessing all the worst passions of man, with scarcely any of his redeeming qualities. Moreton Bay Courier, 26 December 1846, p2 [1] £20 REWARD. SUBSCRIPTION FOR THE APPREHENSION OF THE TWO BLACKS WHO MURDERED MR. GREGOR AND MRS. SHANNON. A REWARD of £10 for each Black will be given to any party who apprehends the following Aboriginal Natives, viz. :— Dick Ben, and Moggy Moggy, the murderers of the late Mr. Gregor and Mrs. Shannon. Persons who approve of the above objects, are politely requested to forward their Subscriptions to J. RICHARDSON, North Brisbane. November 27, 1846. Title Text File Tools Moreton Bay Courier, 28 August 1852, p2 The Late Outrages at the Pine River.— We lately reported that the notorious ru�an "Make-i-light" or "Cowander," the aboriginal turned loose from Brisbane Gaol, and since charged with participating in the lawless acts at of the natives at the Pine River, had been apprehended at Wide Bay, having in his possession a ring supposed to be that stolen from Mrs. Cash. The ring has now been forwarded to Brisbane, and is positively identi�ed by Mrs. Cash, so that it will be hard, we should imagine, to get this " poor black " out of his present scrape. The horrible enormities committed by the villains who lately attacked the stations on the Pine River, are such as to call for the heaviest punishment the law allows, for the �rst of the delinquents convicted. The prisoner will be forwarded to Brisbane, via Sydney, and we believe that every precaution will be taken for his safe custody, as also to prevent any alteration in his appearance. Moreton Bay Courier, 28 May 1853, p2 MURDERS BY ABORIGINES IN THE NORTHERN DISTRICTS. RETURN to an Address from the Legislative Council of New South Wales, dated 27th July, 1852, praying that his Excellency the Governor General would be pleased to cause to be laid upon the table. "A return showing the number of murders committed by the Aboriginal Natives on the white population in the county of Stanley and districts of Clarence and Darling Downs, Moreton, Burnett, Maranoa, and Wide Bay; also the names and occupations of the su�erers; the dates on which the murders were committed; and what steps have been taken to punish the o�enders; commencing from the 1st January, 1847, to the 31st December, 1851." POLICE DISTRICT OF BRISBANE (STANLEY.) William Roller and William Waller, sawyers, 10th September, 1847. An aboriginal named Mak-i-light apprehended, tried, found guilty,