" " '""•;.. ,. ^ t m … § : i i S0053024 CIP) / . ( " " 2005.6 ISBN 7-5038-3976-7 i. … n. …… CIP m. 2005) -- 033704 iv.qi6 " " 100009 7 ) E-mail cfphz@public.bta.net.cn 66184477 2006 1 1 2006 1 1 850mm x 1 168mm 1/32 5.625 144 1~2000 20. 00 Costanza 33 Biodiversity 1 100 1992 5 150 1993 12 29 188 " 10% " 40% 15% -20% " " " " 2010 2005 11 21 Biodiversity 3 2005. 3. 18 1) 1 10 1) 2) 5) • 8) 8) 33) 41) 48) —— 48) 63) 72) 85) 85) 93) 98) 104) 109) 126) 126) 127) 129) 130) 131) 134) 137) 148) 166) 2 I 1 10 [1] 500 1 000 E. 0. Wilson 1 000 3 000 5 000 [2] 6 400 500 200 1 000 4 45 100 1 000 40 5 Biodiversity 1 1/100~1/10 400 5 12% 14% 52% 12% 11% 1 10 [3 ~ 5] © © © @ 1. (1) 2/3 (2) 2. (1) 1976 1.86 1999 5 000 (2) 3. (1) 4/5 Biodiversity 3 50% 94% 80% 67% IUCN 670/ [6 ~ 8] 11 1 000 50% 2050 [9] 2% 40% 200 50% (2) 20/ 50% (3) V 1/5 2/5 3/4 [1 °~ 14] 60 40 10 4 25% 600 900 [16] 20 19 20 3 Biodiversity 5 IUCN) 1981 1984 1992 5 22 11 6 5 150 18 1993 12 29 30 (1) (2) (3) (4) Biodiversity 7 I [17] 6 89% 7. 7% 3. 6% 0. 152% [18] [19] Biodiversity 9 "" 1. 10 1 SARS 90 [2Q] 10 Biodiversity 1 430 ? 84% 8 27 000 61 [21] 40 [22] 500 1 000 2 000 150 12 14. 7 [23] 2. 60 (1) 5 000 150 30 l^ 4 ' 24 ' 2 ^ 60% 56% 80% 2 300 40% 160 Biodiversity 13 [18] [26] [18 27] ' 32% 30% 70% 90% 20 [28] 26 4. 2 [29] 14 [3Q 31] 1/3 20%, 55% ' 9 —— 6% [32] 24% 55 (Bos ta 8 , 140 31 [18] (Bos indicus) {Bos javanicu^) [18] 20 70 60% [18] 3 000 (Ch^rwpodium quirwa) [33] [34 35] ' ^nor- phophallus HvieH) (Pachyrhi^ erosus) ( Tylosema esculentum) ( Voandzeia sub- terranea ) S ( Canavaria spp. ) ( Psophocarpus [36] tetragorwlobm) Biodiversity 15 I (Arenga pi ta) (Caryota u (Car oMandm) [37] [38] 1962 [39] 500 "IR36" (Orjza ni ) [4°' 41] (Manihot glaziovii) 2 18 (Zeadiploperennis) [39] 16 Bos frontalis (Bos gmn- ni (Sus cekbensis) (Bos [42] sauveli) {Iguana iguarm) « (2) () ( (Rauvolfia serpertina) ) us) ( ( Dioscorea composita ) 3 20 000 ( Catharanthus 200 [43] (Cerco- Pith^cus a^thwps) [ " ] Biodiversity 17 ^ 119 77% [45] [46] 1971 2 000 100 20 60 -70 [45] 1/4 18 I 100 1987 10 000 5 800 [47] 75% 90% (3) [48] 770 20 80% , 8 600 [18] (4) Biodiversity 19 I 1.1% 3.3% 28 950 44 500 199 2 100 3. 20 I (1) 19 200 [7] 1600 ~ 1950 4 1950 100 1.5 % 1.0% 1600 113 83 1850 ~ 1950 100 1 100 1 000 1 000 1~ 10 [49] 13 000 100 ~ 1 000 1 100 ~1 000 Biodiversity 21 1W i [1Q] 266 55% ( 90 % 1/2 [5Q] Simberbff (1986) 20 15% 12% 66% 69% 2020 6% ~ 14% 7% ~ 17% 4% ~9% ( 2-1) 2 ~ 2. 5 5% [18] 2% 2 [18] 10% 5% 50% ~90% 5% 15% 1990~2020 5% 15% 1 000 15 000 ~ 50 000 22 I 50150 [18] 2-2) 2000 ~2025 10 5% ~ 10% 6 500 19 [18] 74% 66% 2-3) 24 2-5) 2-1 ) (Reid, 1989) 1990 ~ 1990 ~ 1990 ~ 1990 -2020 1990 2000 2010 2020 ( 10-22 1 ~2 2 ~4 6-14 35 -63 12 -26 2 ~5 4-10 7-17 22 -44 29-56 4-10 1 ~3 3 ~6 4-9 9 -21 42 -72 (2) " " [M] Biodiversity 23 [55] 1/2 [11] 2-2 10 ^ 1980 - 2000 2000 15% ~ 20% O ~ 1 1 LoVejoy , 1980 [51 ] 1/2 17 [1] 2 (1) Wilson, 1988 500 12% _ (2) -T.I. —T— ,11, Ali z / r-m Simberloff, 1986 [50] 2000 = 0. 25 15% 2015 20 80 2015 [52 ' 53] 9 (3) Raven, 1988 25% 1999 ~ 2020 ( 0. 15 < Z < [18] 5% ~ 15% 2 ~5 (4) 0.35) FAO Reid, 1989 1980 ~ 1985 1~2 1) (2) 2000 (3) 1980 ~ 2015 24 I (4) 1990 ~2020 2-3 Reid, 1989) (1 2 ) ) 159 48 9 216 91 87 178 41 21 6 68 14 14 ( 3 193 (443) 3) (2) 21 214 (464) (3) ( 138 233 239 377 (3 ) ( 233 99 2 334 (5) 2706 6693 1) 100 (2) 100 (3) (4) 250 (5) [18] 24 (Reid, 1989) (2) (2) 19 23 20 1 1 36 (2) 20 11 22 2 37 (2) 32 42 21 3) 35 4 30 48 (1) Biodiversity 25 ( 2) (3) [18 ] 2-5 (Reid, 1989) (2) 68 54 6 8 12 58 30 28 1 1 53 63 17 6 77 29 14 78 12 28 1) IUCN ) (2) 7% 1/2 [1] 21 2020 5% ~15% Salati E. [9] 5 26 2^6) 4 20% 9% 20% 1.1% [56] 33% 70% 10% [54] 8% 2~6) " " " 10% 15% [57 58] 17% 24% ' ^6 (100 ) (1) 8 578 68 529 6.2 41. 1 5 046 30 604 (2) 12.0 32.0 3 600 68 554( 3 ) 15.4 4) 75.2 5 500 50 110 2.0 Biodiversity 27 — I () 100 ) (1) 155.8 22 724 54 1797 7.9 1) IUCN (2) IUCN (1 ) (3) 853 259 40 554 (4) IUCN 1% - 10% , 2-7) 25 000 [55] 3 000 12% (1) tl8] 2-7 (Reid, 1989) 163 4.9 434 1.6 32 3. 1 3 220 0.3 2) 367 10.3 1090 6. 1 368 4.6 222 6.3 20 000 8.5 186 4.8 632 3.0 85 2.4 58 1.7 4 022 9.8 255 10.2 927 1.9 204 3.4 124 0.8 9 000 1.7 279 23 000 5.0 1 800 1. 1 700 0.6 2 700 1.0 28 i () 1 300 0.5 2 675 0.7 1) IUCN (2) 1934 53 34% 30 [1Q] (Corego spp- ) 3 [11] (Micropterus salmoides) (Poecilia spfmwps) (Cichla- 2 soma nigrofasciatum) Gatumlake), L ^ Cichla ocellaris 8 ) 6 [13] 7 17 13 30 17 5 Biodiversity 29 QCterwgbius Clifford popei) [59] 1/3 66 20% 250 (Cichlidae) 30% 40% 50% (Barcodes exigua) ^ (Barbodes daliensis) Schizothorax daliensis) [60] [61] (Ptychocheilu^ hudus) 46 18 [14] 30 I
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