| BOOK6 £ Christopher Jones An Open University af Sudan language programme in partnership vith Cambridge University Press. fl “ Z Contents Unit | Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10 Introduction Present, past and future: Tense review | Present and present perfect tenses 2 Past and past perfect tenses 3 Future tenses 4 Writing skills: Writing a job application Communicating | Written and spoken English 2 Idioms 3 Learning a language 4 Reading and listening Study pages A Finding out | Information questions 2 Indirect questions 3 Reported questions 4 Tag questions Speaking personally | Feelings 2 Reactions 3. Good and bad 4 Reading and listening Study pages B The unreal past | | would have done it 2 Ife 3 Regrets Life on earth | Global issues 2 Endangered species 3. Reading: asteroids Study pages C Making things clear | Definitions 2 Giving more information 3 lt wasn't... 4 Sentences with “What ...’ 5 Writing skills: describing a scene Sports and games | Dangerous sports 2 Play the game 3 Sports news 4 Reading and listening Study pages D Set in the past | Stories in the past 2 Previous activities 3 Reporting verbs 4 Background information Do it yourself | Instructions 2 Repairs in the home 3 Cooking 4 Reading Review test Units 1-10 102 102 105: 107 109 114 120 120 123 125 128 132 132 137 139 141 145 Unit I Unit 12 Unit 13 Unit 14 Unit 15 Unit 16 Unit 17 Unit 18 Unit 19 Unit 20 Working it out | = must, might, can’t 2 look, sound, smell ... 3 Writing skills: Giving reasons Careers and business | The right career? 2 Stery of a business 3 Advertising 4 Reading and listening Study pages E Possibilities | ‘will’ and ‘would’ 2 It depends 3. Probability 4 Writing skills: Suggesting alternatives The language of science | Science and scientists 2 Science and the environment 3. Beyond science 4 Reading and listening Study pages F Evaluating | Better or worse? 2 There's no point ... 3 Good and bad effects 4 Writing skills: Organising information Yourself and others | Character 2 Relationships 3 Reading: It’s all rubbish, really Study pages G Right and wrong | Right or wrong? 2 Mistakes 3 ‘could have’ and ‘might have’ 4 Writing skills: Points of view Body and mind | Dangerous diseases 2 Medical treatment 3. Traditional medicine Study pages H Using the passive | The passive 2 Passive reporting verbs 3. The passive with ‘have’ 4 Writing skills: Cause and result World affairs | War and peace 2 Politics 3 Political issues 4 Reading and listening Review test Units I 1-20 Tapescripts Answer key Additional material Acknowledgements 148 148 153 |57 16] él 164 166 168 173 178 178 180 182 184 187 187 189 190 192 195 200 200 202 204 207 211 211 214 216 220 226 226 229 232 233 237 237 242 243 247 254 254 259 26| 264 268 268 271 272 274 278 28 | 291 302 303 jolall Lasihe Was agane gly lal gyrcllall cue» A Sh cle dliall's SDluall's cyrltell Gy alt reall rae Ll Lvs) lal 5 Alaa s duel yy) Glee 8 at Ah ye Clall Gu hall cs je Language in Use 4dhs (yo yall! tS thay Gy pai IU cg jluaall's go Sally gpl LA celal ao gall ane cst! iS steal 3 og ell eld 8 oil 4Lubull oda AGSH Nagy patel co ginwall oll lu! 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TED (RSE TO [erty ee) OP eee: © ee per ye F phe © CAD prt © Cm (Rr pase? © aCe” Syms © ep pa rae peer © gate © peep ee © sim Po pte Fre eR Face ee OF ace tg © peer = Co Perey! © mee pe? © pete © pete © pecs © ppg © prs Present, past and future: Tense review ee cel Cy pains Advaluall 03 Ca Mighull Coby Suvall gb UgSae yo All Aaah ll Ascall aid y Ay jalastyt Aalll ac! 96 4 He Atheis oka & jlaall Aue - 1 Present and Present perfect tenses Suggested time: 50 minutes | J geal aca hall A oy Bi pull! ye Tha, [ths o yg tbe coll 95 Gob a jee pedal tiny Le gle Alt pate ytiaciae anal La od pole jlatnall g & jlceall pues Ay gia dealt JS 1.1 Who wrote the sentences? Read these two statements. Which statement do you agree with more, A or B? A Everyone has an ‘image’, which is the B You can’t tell what people are like from way we present ourselves to other their appearance. In fact, appearances people. So you can tell a lot about are often deceptive. people from the way they look. Now do this test. ‘Two of the people in the photos on this page and on page 8 wrote the sentences below. Who do you think they were? I cycle a lot, and I go jogging regularly. “) Idon’t do any sports, but | like flying kites. These days ’'m cooking quite a lot, i Atthe moment, I’m attending a course on especially for dinner parties with friends. jazz singing. ve just come back from a skiing holiday in I speak fluent German, and I’ve just come back France — my third one this year! from a trip to Germany. I've travelled widely in Europe and the USA, I love live jazz, and Pve been to Chicago on my but [ve never been to the Far East. own a couple of times, just to visit their Blues and I enjoy dancing, especially ballroom dancing, jazz bars. and I’ve been doing quite a lot of it recently. Ive been eating out a lot with friends recently. I've been playing the flute for quite a few years I’ve been playing the piano since [ was eight. F i it o = now, but I still don’t play it very well. I haven’t been to a dentist for about ten years. ae ao fe Unit 7 Present, past and future: Tense review Check your answers on page 291, 4.2 Grammar focus Do you remember these tenses? You practised them in Books 1-5. | Tense Examples Use | Present simple verb (+ -s) I work in a bank. — = all the time, in general (not just now) | work, works | He goes to school at 7.00. = every day, regularly £0, goes | | —s Present continuous | am/is/ are + -ing He’s working at the = just now, at this moment am / is / are working "moment. am / is / are going | I’m going to English classes. = around now, during this period | I’m going to El Obeid = the near future | tomorrow. | Present perfect simple | have / has + past participle She’s gone to the market. it happened recently— she’s there | | have / has worked now Kaew } has gone ve worked in Saudi Arabia. = at some time in my life (before now) | Present perfect continuous have / has been + -ing I’ve been working hard =a recent activity | have / has been working recently. have / has been going | He's been working here for = up to now (he started 5 years a | P Zo | | 5 years. and he’s still working here) Unit 7 Present, past and future: Tense review Find examples of each tense in the sentences on page 7. Write them down. Present stmple: | mde a lot Present continuous: Peer eee eet ee eee eer eee ee eee eet rere eee eee eee eee tee ee eee ert ne ee ee ete oe ree Check your answers on page 291. 1.3 Assignment. < oot Ts Write similar sentences about yourself. | do a lot of sport. Give your sentences to your tutor. At the moment, |’m learning English at the Open University of Sudan. I've never been abroad. I’ve been living in Khartoum for 10 years. Unit 7 Present, past and future: Tense review 2 Past and Past perfect tenses Suggested time: 45 minutes pull wala y jaievall acolall y Lanult ula) Legdiue c lLacilh oledl 8 Gall La 3Y CaS Ciney pod oll eautine pull tae 8 2-1 Polar bear You will hear someone saying how he met a polar bear. Before you listen, check that you know what these words mean: if ao os Arctic a guide © polar bear te OT Tut aseal 14! stick (past stuck) Af 2 Li [=3] Listen to the tape and find answers to these questions: a Where was he? Who was he with? b How had he spent the previous day? c What had happened? d What had they done? What happened in the morning? = (tb How did he react? g How did they solve the problem? Check your answers on page 291. If you like, read the tapescript on page 281, ther listen again. 2.2 Grammar focus Do you remember these tenses? You practised them in Books 1-5. | Tense | Examples Lise Past simple verb + -ed (or irregular | stayed at my uncle’s = a definite time in the past | form) last night. Stayed He opened the door and = the main events in a story went went out. Past continuous | was / were + -ing | was staying at my uncle’s... = the background to a story | was / were staying | While | was going to school, (what was going on at the time) was / were going | | saw ... Past perfect had + past participle The village was empty. = going back to things that had had stayed _ Everyone had gone to happened earlier. “had gone | work in the fields. £ a ee 10 Unit 1 Present, past and future: Tense review como oF Bp La] Here are some sentences from the recording. What tenses are the verbs? Match them with the list in the box. % Sm T woke may Truitt gute. et ceases ensnnnnanoustnnnannnsantennneanie The weather had tuttred Baad .ic..52 ic Re scsssccesiossscacoamsiotvinennisseinenassiavsel Past simple eee She 9 Past continuous I was 7... nn a> ane Past perfect I was lying in the tent. SP a lise ar ORE ccncensnesaimsnsecanasncive I felt something. en We'd decided to spend the night on the ice. nena Check your answers on page 291, 2.3 Practice Look at the sentences in italics. What was happening at the time? What had already happened? What happened next? Write short paragraphs, and add a sentence of your own. Example: A car stopped and a voice said ‘Get in’ start running miss the last bus walk home be frightened Id just missed the last bus, and I was walking home when a car stopped and a voice said ‘Get in’, I was frightened, and I started running. The car followed me slowly down the street. I heard a noise tn the living room open the front door take out my mobile phone ring the police close the door quietly leave work early I saw a woman sitting by the road forget to bring a map ask the way stop the car drive past a field take a wrong turning eee eee ee ree ee ere er rer ere rer rer ret re eer er ret ee ee et ret eer errr ery SN ETT EOP Tee ee re eee ee eee eer geen epecepreesaecese recesses cech bbs Sia gee ce eeeadeada Wanna et in emnne@emnaewh shale ewe OF reead repraeereensconcenssscccenods obec khngd st QceeeaCHVOnMOGRAOONa Crean (aneneerheedSICERO (S44 an p eee ae 2.4 Assignment Think of a time when you first met someone important in your life. Describe how you met, and give the background; Where were you? What were you doing? What was the other person doing? What happened? Give your sentences to your tutor. Unit 7 Present, past and future: Tense review 11 3 Future tenses Suggested time: | hour. dee C0 poll padtnel Crass pl gasen c quzaball y yill Ciliging Ciinwed (of cbabell igs lf all Col patil po) pois past (Oa 58 pull (defiall _palunall chstiaaall 4 Joyal clgtuasll ust pgrcier) 3.4 They were wrong! Read these nine predictions, made in the 1950s and 1960s about life in the future. Do you think they will ever come true? write Yes, No or Maybe after each one. Cae ese In 15 to 20 years passenger TAKEN OFF AHO ede wee 8 Lanna aircraft will travel at six times the @ a By the year 2000, the fight € ’ It will be possible to cross the The first package tour to the | H H il 5 We'll be able to provide the moon will take place on a c wae Ht Sahara with so much rain that it 15 March 1975. ; | fj R will become habitable. New York travel agent hs) | Hermann Oberth, physicist, 1960s dack Garvoy, 1950 % By 1980 at the latest, thousands of people will be living in giant disappeared from cities by early space stations, thereby solving the 1990s. They will have been replaced problem of overpopulation. by a system of individual computer- G K O'Neill, physicist, 1955 ; operated cabins on rails. Batelle Institute, Geneva, 1968 The last buses will have By using radioactive rays, we'll be able to grow cherries as _ big as apples. Nuclear biologists, Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, 1958 People will be able to fly through SA SA the air in a standing position, Nayeh using small rotors attached to their backs. This will solve transport problems in cities. wll CH Zimmerman, National %. °° Advisory Committee of Aeronautics, 1951 We will use trained apes and birds to harvest crops. Sir George Thompson, psychologist, 1955 speed of south (about 6,000 kph) and fly at a height of 30 km. against world hunger will have z, been won, thanks to automation and developments in agricultural Atlantic in less than an hour. - technology. H Hertel, Technical University of F Baade, Institute of World Berlin, 1961 Economics, 1969 12 Look at each text together. Do you think it will ever come true? Why / Why not? Unit 7 Present, past and future: Tense review 3.2 Grammar focus Do you remember these tenses? You practised them in Books 1-5. — -cseaiceaaeiet een: sg eee ee eee | Tense _ Examples Use | Future simple | | will + infinitive | I'll probably go and live : will live | abroad next year. = will happen will go | She'll go to university next September. | _ Future continuous | will be + -ing By next summer, I'll be living abroad. = will be going on | will be living | By next September, she'll be going will be going to university, | Future perfect | will have + past participle | | won't be here next summer. _ same : | will have lived | | will have gone abroad by then. = will already be finished will have gone | ; | Notice that the Future continuous and Future perfect are just like the Present continuous and Present perfect, but ‘put into the future’: — Now everyone is living on Earth, but by 2020 some people will be living in space stations. — Buses haven’t disappeared from cities yet, but by 2020 they will have disappeared. Find examples of each tense in the texts on page 12. Write them down. Future simple: The first package tour will tale, plat, oc cununnan Future continuous: Pree eee reer teeter rer rete ere rer ree tet ee eee tee etree te eee eee eee et eee et ee eee eee Perens Check your answers on page 291, Unié 7 Present, past and future: Tense review 3.3 Assignment Imagine that a fortune-teller says these things about your future. Write your own ‘fortune’. é f By the time you’re 55, you'll be living in a large house. You'll be rich, but you won't have retired. 2 In fact, you’ll be working very ) a hard, and spending a lot of time 5 Red travelling. Your children will have fle” grown up and left home, so you'll R be quite lonely. You will have bi given up eating meat, but you'll i be smoking very heavily. Ay ath etn > i a ts hall iG Rel i | oe i i< it i ee 3 by, i, | > sii ib a tat S| we ae > es 4 <¥ A JEEZ DEDEDE KEP EEE ARES Give your sentences to your tutor, 14 Unit 7 Present, past and future: Tense review 3.4 Practice: all tenses Present simple Fill the gaps with a suitable form of the verb given. I try Each of the tenses in the box is used at least once. Present continuous I'm trying GIVE Present perfect simple 1 Do you like my old teddy bear? My parents . Fhe. _it to (ve tried me for my fourth birthday. ; i Present perfect continuous 2 If you ask her nicely, she ........ 14S S 8 NY Scenes it I've been trying back to you, I’m sure. : suse Past simple 3 Every time Uncle Jack comes to see us he SABE SSN ° I tried er us a present. on Past continuous READ we | was trying whe mk. ee: ol 4 Haven't you finished that book yet? You.. et Ae Past perfect simple " it for ages. I'd tried S Id... end orsnenie three of his novels already, Future simple and I can’t wait toaread fet nak one. Vil try 6 There was a power cut last night. It happened while 1.......... a“ SOREAHOUE WAS tea. in bed. Pil be trying Future perfect DO I'll have tried 7 Last year, kire-flying:-w was out of fashion, but this year everyone’ Ragtte.chal nt Ryans it. ge scat ae: ; ; 8 ie a eae week’s time, this old car waa, ile Two meanings of “have 9 He can’t ome to the phone now, He oS Te Ree Nae haues .. his keep-fit exercises. continuous form: He has fair hair. (not tshaving LEAVE d =i { h ik to do an activity, e.g. have a 10 It began to get very cold. Unfortunately, we ...4.. 407, bath, have a ee Pe oe .. our coats at home. argument 11 You won't see me tomorrow. TS A enis This can havea continuous form: ee very early in the Mormins. We're having a party next week 12 My sister’s been selantethe same job ever since she ¢ | ete having lunch when he oan Wr | “Ns Fe ere _ school. arrived. HAVE ‘ ef C wv Ai, : 13 Tove this necklace. TY ee ssn it for nearly 20 years now. 14 Just think - by this time tomorrow we ...us: oe lunch in a five-star hotel. : Bt 15 Let’s got to the pool IT (NOT) oP SBE Bact neen a SWim for weeks. Check your answers on page 291, Unit 1 Present, past and future: Tense review 15 4 Writing skills: Writing a job application coll bts Laas elgle Cp pothy Sake LEM ye AB oN pletie cA gag AE ak Leal y Adds y ills aS LAS pletion aul aa 8 Shad Lyla aia | Tdi Gill a) gai y CalslLoi yf 4.71 Sentences Look at these sentences from letters of application. Which advertisements are they replying to? 1 Lam fits | ated, Wechanie A WANTED Responsible person to look ‘+ after two children during summer holidays. Duties include some light 2 Weed to going witom housework. I a or jong periods. sleep f 3 B WORKIN atravel agency this summer. AL Varhicrtoatrt eae Help required during holiday period. (ee agen bate ] } Secretarial and travel experience an eg Caplich,. | advantage. Th with f »paperiene® C YOUR CHANCE to be a star. Film 4 rs extras required for crowd scenes and { have f epildre™ small speaking parts. n you D PRIVATE TUTOR required to teach ' i English to 10-year-old boy. bse _—a a sh Wortcat QS an ae =e { a oie ; E FIFTH PERSON wanted to join group , travelling overland to West Africa, 7 Dam uey geod vn starting November. LB B 3 — 5 6 7 Check your answers on page 291. Note these expressions: —- : a | trained | experience } | "qualified | + noun | have | 3 good knowledge of ..., | | be used to + -ing Notice that we often use the Present perfect tense -to talk about experience: worked ... have visited ... 16 Unit 7 Present, past and future: Tense review 4.2 Practice Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Include the word in capital letters in your answer. Example: I speak French well. KNOWLEDGE I have 2 goad Knowledge of... spoken French. 1 I’ve worked as a tourist guide for three years. EXPERIENCE | Eee es re eS seevave anssuevniaesaianr eres as a tourist guide. 2 I’ve travelled a lot. EXPERIENCED 3 I play the piano well. GOOD 4 | have qualifications in English teaching. TEACHER SEE sor peee mene cpa een om esau VE YIN VLG TORSRA RUE SR UG mascot enece 5 Working long hours is nothing new to me. USE TO P menses a eearanieen ees vases Ne A long hours. 4.3 A letter of application Look at these notes for a letter of application. Think of some more questions like the ones above, and write them down. Did you go to college? Where? / have some experience of secrecarial aiid office WOrK Can you use | speak Spanish and Porkuguese a computer? / have worked as a Shop assistanp. / have travelled a lok. / have a good Knoyledge of geography What else do you think an employer might want to know? Think of some more questions like the ones above. Now look at the letter on the next page. Did the writer answer your questions? Unit 7 Present, past and future: Tense review vi Globat Travel Ltd Hat 3 110 Edward Street 34 Marlborough Road Birmingham Birnunghan Dear Sir/Madaitty T have seew your advertisement in the Evening News, and t would like to apply to work tH Your travel agency this summer. T have some experience of secretarial and office work. After leaning school, T worked. for a for of accountants, where ft was gwen secretarial training and learned howto type and use a computer. I have also worked,as uM assistant in a department store, so I am usedto dealing with customers and helping with problems. T have visited Spain and Portugal several times, and know mary of the main tourtst areas ut both countries. f speak Sparish fluently, aud f have a basic knowledge of Portuguese. I have alurays been interested in travel and havea good knowledge of ‘geography. Taman outgoing and confident person, and I thinkI would enjoy working for you. Z look forward bb heaving frou youu: Kours fasth fully Dona Tos ~ 18 Unit 7 Present, past and future: Tense review 4.4 Assignment: Letter writing Choose one of the jobs, and make notes about your qualifications and experience. Either write real things or make things up. Using your notes, write a letter of application. Give your letier to your tutor. Unit 7 Present, past and future: Tense review 19 20 Word list image present yourself , appearance deceptive ballroom dancing flute kite blues. dentist Inuit the Arctic ~ guide (noun) | polar bear a seal (noun) stick (your head) out prediction Fata - goteall yal i (Aieape All) i gli Jab! 4] AUIS diy jm Se | / ya CMaal ule eae! Joe _ pe Ug) aday IS 5 Llauul gs Aalaie Ala aMSE ape play Lakes () 9S jbsiali package tour computet-operated cabin rail (noun) rotor habitable space station “ overpopulation radioactive ray cherry trained (Able) Se in 38) Feil dey i yd cy ele le / pal A sila gS 44:SLe 8p! gall/ 4! gall Saal pelle 4jlnd dba. cgiliis J5Lis| Jol cpt lal ae dail gtd yasl / 5 SII yd Seto / et pela ape 28 /aly harvest (verb) any crops Joe f liwalas hunger | C> automation oll ba agricultural aes) technology lag! iS fortune BLN fortone-teller ualll elas application cSgeled / ula mechanic \- gous knowledge (of) alt 4a jas qualified _- Jd pe qualifications CLs pe experience (of) \- i 3 nursery teacher ASlizom duu pte responsible gases duties alg) ghuwe / Alia y secretarial Ay 15 Sally Glebe / ig pi Suu film extra pptlen age ob Siaill jal jodd private tutor gta eed Lys secretarial training Ay sh Saal! gle Gya gall pS 586 / parjsi pete cpt Aline es oll auale/A jl department store alull pe & 93 gin JS customer Og bpee deal with = Ae outgoing zeit «GUais igo Leis] confident ily Unit 7 Present, past and future: Tense review eee Communicating ra Wide) Cala jal) le 38 5 camall pgatans coll Cll lgy sy Canady All G shall yo daagil oda (leave a note, send a message, ...} 2 ALG yall adi, Aantal y 4s Sal! Asjulaayl dal &! sal is (pronunciation, fluent, make a mistake, ...)- 44) alexis dal dao. pula - (keep in touch, be on speaking terms, ...). Juol sll dag pall jpleill - 1 Written and spoken English Suggested time: 1 hour scala pall Spe Que gi abe Tiss cs giSall y Aaatiell Ay pls sy) Sell ope Abad OM ze pettus paall ha a (note, lecture, speech, ...) 42 Sal 4yjylsy' ¢ | gil (leave a note, give a lecture, ...). g: Vileall Jedi, 1.1 Photos and sentences poe I Read and listen to the sentences and match them with the pictures. (Use the Word list on Pp page 30 to help you.) A He’s giving a speech. 4... E She’s left (or written) a note. B Someone has sent an e-mail (message), ....... F Whatdoesthe notice say? ....... C He’s giving a lecture. wee G He's givingasermomn aan D They’re making an announcement. ... Hi He’s taking (or making) notes. ....... Check your answers on page 291, Unit 2 Communicating 21