What we need to know about resista ASSETS ACTION GUIDELINES Machine Translated by Google Language editor Pranÿ Kuprienÿ © Ministry of National Defense, 2016 Editor- in- Chief dr. Karolis Aleksa UDC 355.58 (474.5) ISBN 978-609-412-103-6 Layout by Loreta Keršytÿ 16th Machine Translated by Google TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 66 First aid for open chest wounds 73 Food and water STARTING WORD Distinctive signs of resistance fighters and military equipment 56 First Aid Tips 63 First aid in case of femoral injury 35 Orientation in the environment 39 Food 44 Recreation 75 References 58 Stopping the bleeding 61 First aid in case of burns 16 Turret THREAT OF MILITARY CONFLICT in the case of abdominal wounds 35 Taking care of your safety 45 Principles of preparation 20 Special features 69 Tools 49 Drying IN THE DEFENSE OF THE COUNTRY 61 General rules 39 Taking care of your diet 40 Water 5 11 9 Ways of participating in the armed struggle 34 Recommendations for action safeguards 14 Chassis 65 Wound care 72 Orientation measures 52 Medical preparation (individual pharmacy) 10 Actions within a resistance unit 60 First aid in case of shock 8 PARTICIPATION IN ARMS 74 Where more knowledge and skills can be acquired 35 GROUNDS FOR SURVIVAL 44 Special clothing LITHUANIA BEFORE THE MODERN 9 56 Initial Resuscitation 8 General principles for choosing a direct armed struggle 62 First aid for humerus fractures 65 First aid for pelvic fractures 24 Identification of the aggressor's weapon 28 Identification of ammunition 67 First Aid Open 61 First aid for pelvic and limb fractures 16 Armament Aid to the resistance unit 12 Identification of the aggressor's military equipment and armament found ammunition 51 Organization of sleep (temporary accommodation) 68 Survival Pack (Items) 71 Signaling devices 70 Fire and heat 1 Machine Translated by Google Dear Lithuanian citizens, 2 This is the third publication on the topic of civil resistance. The first, introductory part of this publication, prepared in co- operation with the Lithuanian Armed Forces and the Lithuanian Riflemen's Union, briefly presents the ways in which Russia, a potential aggressor, acts against neighboring countries. It sets out the arguments for what action a potential aggressor needs to be prepared for. Seeing the joint efforts of all of us to strengthen Lithuania recently, I am sure that we will be able to resist Russia's non- military means of aggression. However, we cannot rule out that a potential aggressor, even in spite of NATO's military might, will not take any military action against our country. So we have to be prepared Russia's military aggression against Ukraine. The first two publications, What We Need to Know About Emergency Preparedness and Wartime, which have received a great deal of attention, focused on non- violent civil protection and practical advice on how to act during emergencies or war. However, these publications did not cover another extremely important topic: how citizens in the occupied territory of the aggressor could actively oppose the invasive army or the armed groups supporting the aggressor. This is the main topic of this publication. to defend the Homeland. It is also a strong deterrent. STARTING WORD Machine Translated by Google STARTING WORD The third part is devoted to the topic of survival. It should be noted that this topic is much more developed in this publication than in the publications “What we need to know about emergency preparedness and wartime”: we provide a lot of advice to help those who are struggling with weapons and other means in the occupied territory. I want to point out that these tips (for example, on the survival package) are beneficial to everyone in the country, even in peacetime. publication and provide comments. Only together can we strengthen our country and better prepare for the worst- case scenario of a military invasion of our country. Still, I believe that our joint efforts will just help deter potential aggression. Minister of National Defense The second part of the publication presents the ways of participating in the country's armed defense. In this section you will find not only tips on how to fight the aggressor with a weapon, but also what other ways to actively resist. One of them is the identification of military equipment and weapons and the transmission of information about them to resistance fighters in the occupied territory of the country and to the Lithuanian Armed Forces. These recommendations are enlivened by simple and very eloquent pictures. In closing, I would like to encourage everyone to read this Meaningful reading and new thoughts! Juozas Olekas 3 Machine Translated by Google Machine Translated by Google GUIDELINES FOR ACTIVE ACTION 5 Ukraine. It does not hide the logic of its operation: its Chief of General Staff, General V. Gerasimov, has openly stated that in a modern military conflict it is important to use non- military means first to bring selected targets (states) within its sphere of influence, and only in the final stage. should use military force. A number of types of modern military conflict can be identified, but the focus needs to be on the actions of the neighboring country, Russia. This state does not shy away from using military force against support in countries targeted by the aggressor. Russia's actions are also characterized by economic "tying", offering states lucrative economic deals that become leverage for its influence. Russia is also seeking to bribe state politicians who could take a course of state policy in its favor. Russia’s non- military action is designed to create an environment that will allow military action to begin in due course. Such a medium is the political, economic, fragmentation of the target country In such an environment, Russia may initiate a military phase in which armed clashes similar to the beginnings of civil war begin in its target country. As the example of Ukraine shows, Russia is strongly supporting armed groups its neighbors, and is currently largely engaged in military aggression against Non- military means include information attacks, economic blackmail and all forms of politically obedient political forces. turmoil, rampant corruption, citizens' dissatisfaction with the state, the formation of a relatively large "fifth column". DANGER LITHUANIA BEFORE THE MODERN MILITARY CONFLICT Machine Translated by Google 6 GUIDELINES FOR ACTIVE ACTION Russia's aggression against Ukraine: key lessons from hybrid warfare (artillery, tanks and other military equipment). It also lacks the political will to continue its military action, despite the economic and political sanctions imposed on the West, and thus to force Ukraine to fight continuously against pro- Russian armed groups. In addition, Russia is cleverly and often pursuing a policy of birth and ambiguity that hinders (especially at the beginning of a military invasion) an immediate understanding of its true actions and responsibilities. (or forming them) that seek to divide the country and turn it into hostage. to launch a military invasion to combat the weapon. It may happen that the aggressor manages to temporarily occupy part of the country's territory, in which case the citizens who remain in the occupied territory of the country can choose to fight with a weapon or other means. Ukraine's example shows that Russia and its armed groups often use modern weapons in armed conflict In preventing such a policy, the awareness and will of the citizens to resist is particularly important: when these elements are strong, it is difficult for the aggressor to create a medium for military invasion. On the other hand, it cannot be ruled out that Russia may decide to use military force without having created the appropriate medium for a military invasion. This means that citizens must not only allow the state to be weakened when it is attempted to be affected by information attacks and other means, but must also be prepared to The rest of the publication reveals possible ways to combat this. Information operations and cyber capabilities have become important elements of Russia's military campaigns. This state often conducts information operations: its inhabitants and Western countries Machine Translated by Google the public receives different types of information about what is happening in the country chosen as the target of the hybrid war (Russia accuses the forces of that country of shooting the population of another country). tasks of setting up and training armed groups - after training Before and during the armed conflict, Russia made extensive use of radio- electronic means of combat. They are used to disrupt state institutions, the armed forces, the media and others Russia is the most active use of ground forces, but special forces also play an important role. For example, large groupings of conventional forces stationed near another country's border are becoming an instrument of military pressure, as well as a source of replenishment for the military equipment and armaments of separatist forces. Special forces trusted illegal the so- called separatist forces can go to war on their own, following direct instructions from Russia's political and military leadership. Special forces are often used to sabotage, conduct reconnaissance on the territory of another country, and destroy military and civilian command and communications systems; activities of vital entities. www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/ pubs/ display.cfm? pubID=1274). Plaÿiau žr. Project 1704. A U.S. Army War College Analysis of Russian Strategy in Eastern Europe, an Appropriate Implications for U. S. Landpower 2015 ( http:// GUIDELINES FOR ACTIVE ACTION 7 Machine Translated by Google PARTICIPATION IN ARMED DEFENSE In the event that the aggressor occupies a part of the country's territory, the citizens of the Republic of Lithuania who find themselves in the occupied part must continue to follow the basic provision of the Constitution of their country that the defense of Lithuania is the right and duty of every citizen. All conscripts (both conscripts and non- conscripts) should try to join the Lithuanian Citizens (conscripts who do not have the opportunity to escape the occupied territory and other residents) who remain in the occupied territory but wish to fight the aggressor with a weapon may do so, but are advised to adhere to a number of principles. First, to seek contact with the armed forces defending Lithuania. Lithuania in the unoccupied territory of the country. It is important for the defending armed forces of the country and its allies to know about the outbreaks of armed resistance operating in the occupied territory in order to prevent accidental attacks against them, as well as to be able to carry out a joint operation to liberate the occupied territory of Lithuania. Secondly, to try to fight within the resistance unit: this could do much more damage to the aggressor and disrupt his planned military action, or effectively disrupt the day- to- day running of the occupying administration. Third, Lithuanian citizens with military skills should join such a unit. Such citizens would be very valuable, as they would have invaluable knowledge of how to organize the activities of a resistance unit (eg obtaining and using different weapons, protecting the unit, installing shelters, applying different combat tactics). General principles for choosing a direct armed struggle 8 GUIDELINES FOR ACTIVE ACTION Machine Translated by Google For those citizens who would like to choose other means of resistance than direct armed struggle, it is advisable to consider other anti- aggressor actions as described below. to collect information on the occupying army and the occupation identify collaborators and provide information about them to resistance fighters; Citizens who are unable to join the resistance unit or otherwise want to help defend the Homeland can do so as follows: regime (eg the occupation army headquarters, the housing of the officers in charge of the occupation army, etc.); install stock hiding places and help store them. Resistance units are likely to need a number of stock covert agents to ensure greater security for combatants and greater ability to move around the battlefield. In these shelters, citizens can store a variety of tools that will be vital to ensuring the continuity of resistance units (medicines, perishable food, warm clothing, armaments, ammunition, etc.). For example, in 1991 During the events of January, Lithuanian defenders paid special attention to the supply of supplies and their location in different locations; Ways of participating in the armed struggle Aid to the resistance unit GUIDELINES FOR ACTIVE ACTION 9 Machine Translated by Google to hide fighters and to care for hidden wounded members of the armed resistance. Resistance fighters will always be at high risk, and the support of citizens in hiding and caring for them will be invaluable. It must be borne in mind that the security (even life) of citizens assisting fighters will always be at stake, and assistance must be provided with the utmost care and secrecy; provide first aid and take care of complex medical care for injured members of the resistance unit. In combat operations, first and foremost, it is an invaluable medical aid that can save a friend and an active participant in an armed resistance. As a result, a good first aid knowledge of a citizen wishing to join a resistance unit will be particularly important. Such a citizen is advised to arrange in advance for the first necessary medical measures (bandage, disinfectant fluids) and to find out how to organize further medical care. to help maintain resistance unit communications. Resistance fighters may find it unsafe to use modern means of communication and may need envoys. Envoys will be at particular risk and should operate with the least possible release from the general environment. Citizens who do not know and / or are unable to fight a weapon can also become members of a resistance unit and assist the units of such a unit: (to establish contacts with reliable doctors, to find out the possibilities to use the hospitals in the occupation territory); Actions within a resistance unit 10 GUIDELINES FOR ACTIVE ACTION Machine Translated by Google uniforms; to provide food and water, as well as to provide food resistance for fighters. Water and hot food at least once a day will be very important to the unit of resistance and will undoubtedly contribute to maintaining its fighting spirit; ammunition is not required, but such support may be important to a resistance unit, especially if it is preparing more intense firing or shooting intensively with aggressive soldiers. take care of the hygiene of the fighters, ie wash and dry their clothes to replenish existing armaments. It will probably be too difficult for members of the resistance unit to fight machine guns and machine guns (if the unit can get them) and shoot at the same time. Exceptional skills to patch said armament It is recommended that the fighters of the resistance units wear bright, visible insignia, coordinated with the Lithuanian Armed Forces, which would help to avoid their own forces. loss, accidental injury or injury. It is noteworthy that such a mark is one of the proofs that resistance fighters are combatants under international law (other evidence: resistance fighters have a commander in charge of them, carry weapons openly and follow the laws and customs of war in their actions). The sliding mark can be, for example, a colored adhesive tape that is tied in a visible place: above the elbow, on ammunition belts or armor vests. It is recommended to mark the military equipment as well, to paint the agreed distinguishing marks from a distance. Distinctive signs of resistance fighters and military equipment GUIDELINES FOR ACTIVE ACTION 11 Machine Translated by Google Identification of the aggressor's military equipment and armament therefore it is advisable to identify it when assessing: The pictures below show where the parts are. chassis (tracks or wheels); Being able to recognize the aggressor's military equipment and armament is important for both members of the resistance unit and those who assist them. tower; In addition, if possible, information about the aggressor's military equipment and armaments should be passed on to the fighting Lithuanian armed forces. Given the importance of this possible assistance to the resistance in the occupied territory of the country and to the Lithuanian Armed Forces, detailed information is provided to help everyone identify military equipment and armaments. armaments; It is very likely that the aggressor will benefit a lot against Lithuania this year other special tags. 12 GUIDELINES FOR ACTIVE ACTION Machine Translated by Google PRINCIPLES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF WHEELED TRACKS BTR-80A PRINCIPLES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF WHEELED VEHICLES 2S25 "SPRUT- SD" Armament Armament Chassis Chassis The tower Axis GUIDELINES FOR ACTIVE ACTION 13 Axis The tower Superstructure above the chassis Machine Translated by Google Chassis Armored BTR- ÿÿ Meanwhile, when evaluating and describing an armored crawler technique, several things need to be taken into account related to its chassis (see Figure ÿÿ page): first, its chassis has four types of wheels (drive, steer, track and support); second, the tracks may be tense or loose; third, there may be some gaps between the wheels of the road. (bridges) and the distance between them. For example, armored wheel technology can have several axles (see figure ÿÿ page). Armor BRDM- ÿ When evaluating armored wheeled machinery, attention must be paid to the axles 14 GUIDELINES FOR ACTIVE ACTION Machine Translated by Google PRINCIPLES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF WHEELED TRACKS Self- propelled artillery howitzer ÿSÿ GVOZDIKA Self- propelled cannon ÿSÿ NONA- S Castors Guide wheel GUIDELINES FOR ACTIVE ACTION 15 Road wheels Drive wheel Free tracks Tight tracks Machine Translated by Google Armament The tower curtain projectiles (see figures on pages ÿÿ and ÿÿ). When evaluating an armored crawler and wheeled turret, two key points need to be taken into account: first, the turret is at the top of the chassis; second, the tower can be mounted in three different top locations on the chassis (see Figures ÿÿ and ÿÿ). Tower at the front of the chassis (paratrooper BMD- ÿ) When describing armored vehicles, it is important to report not only the cannon, but also the possible presence of one or more machine guns, anti- tank missiles and smoke. 16 GUIDELINES FOR ACTIVE ACTION Machine Translated by Google Tower in the middle of the chassis (infantry fighting machine BMP- ÿ) Tower at the rear of the chassis (self- propelled howitzer ÿSÿ GVOZDIKA) GUIDELINES FOR ACTIVE ACTION 17 Machine Translated by Google Tank T- ÿÿ Armored BTR- ÿÿ Dome machine gun Machine gun Smoke curtain projectiles 18 GUIDELINES FOR ACTIVE ACTION Machine Translated by Google