Literary Culture in the Holy Roman Empire, 1555-1720 This page intentionally left blank 1UNC COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Germanic and Slavic Languages and Literatures From 1949to 2004, UNC Press and the UNC Department ofGermanic & Slavic Languages and Literatures published the UNC Studies in the Germanic Languages and Literatures series. Monographs; anthologies ; and critical editions in the series covered an array of topics including medieval and modern literature; theater; linguistics; philology; onomasticS;and the history of ideas. Through the generous support of the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W.Mellon Foundation; books in the series have been reissued in new paperback and open access digital editions. For a complete list of books visit www.uncpress.org. This page intentionally left blank Literary Culture in the Holy Roman Empire, 1555-1720 EDITED BY JAMES A. PARENTE JR., RICHARD ERICH SCHADE AND GEORGE C. SCHOOLFIELD UNC Studies in the Germanic Languages and Literatures Number113 Copyright © 1991 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons cc BY-NC-ND license. To view a copy of the license, visit http://creativecommons. org/licenses. Suggested citation: ParenteJr.,James A., Richard Erich Schade, and George C. Schoolfield, editors. Literary Culture in the Holy Roman Em- pire, 1555-1720. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/io.5i49/978i46965657i_Parente Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Parentejr., James A., Schade, Richard Erich, and Schoolfield, George C., editors. Title: Literary culture in the Holy Roman Empire, 1555-1720 / edited byJames A. ParenteJr., Richard Erich Schade, and George C. Schoolfield. Other titles: University of North Carolina Studies in the Germanic Languages and Literatures; no. 113. Description: Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, [1991] Series: University of North Carolina Studies in the Germanic Languages andLiteratures. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 900128911 ISBN 978-1-4696-5656-4(pbk: alk. paper) | ISBN 978-1-4696-5657-1 (ebook) Subjects: German literature — Early modern, 1500-1700 — History and criticism. | German literature — i8th century — History and criticism. Classification: LCCPT238 .1,58 1991| DCC 830.9/004 Contents Preface ix Abbreviations xi Foreword to the New Edition: Thirty Years Since xv 1. Literary Culture in the Holy Roman Empire: An Introduction James A. Parente, Jr. 1 Part I. Late Humanism in the Empire 17 2. Humanism and Science in Rudolphine Prague: Kepler in Context Anthony Grafton 19 Part II. Imitation or Innovation: Early Modern German Literatureand Europe 47 3. German Baroque Drama and Seventeenth-Century European Theater Peter Skrine 49 4. Gryphius's Cardenio und Celinde in Its European Context: A New Perspective Thomas W. Best 60 5. Passion, Piety, and Politics: Lohenstein's Ibrahim Sultan and Tristan L'Hermite's Osman Gerald Gillespie 78 6. Versuch einer Typologie des "spanischen Narren" zwischen 161 3und 1787 Gerhart Hoffmeister 89 Part III. Emperors and Princes: Society and Politics i n Early Modern German Literature 107 7. The Eagle of the Empire George C Schoolfield 109 viii Contents 8. Der Zensor als Literaturkritiker:Die Approbationsvermerke im friihneuzeitlichen Buch als literarhistorische Quelle Dieter Breuer 126 9. Allegorische Representation als Legitimation: Die Geburtstagsfestlichkeiten fur Herzog August Barbara Becker-Cantarino 142 10. Of Princes and Poets: Lohenstein's Verse Epistles on the Divorce of the Elector Palatine Carl Ludwig Michael M. Metzger 159 Part IV. Early Modern Poets and Their Work 177 11. Poets Portrayed: Iconographic Representations and Allusions to the Empire Richard Erich Schade 179 12. Author and Patron: On the Function of Dedications in Seventeenth-Century German Literature Ulrich Mache 195 13. Zum Selbstverstandnis des Dichters im 17. und fruhen 18. Jahrhundert Ferdinand van Ingen 206 14. Poets Addressing Themselves: An Authorial Posture in Seventeenth-Century German Poetry Barton W. Browning 225 15. The Poet's Voices in Occasional Baroque Poetry Joseph Leighton 236 16. Authorial Self-Consciousness in the Theater of Caspar Stieler Judith P. Aikin 247 17. Die Anonymisierung des Buchmarktes und die Inszenierung der "Speaking Voice" in der erotischen Lyrik um 1700 Uwe-K. Ketelsen 259 Index 277 Preface This volume would not have been published without the generosity and support of many people. We should first like to thank Dr. Erich Markel of the Max Kade Foundation for granting the financial assis- tance to hold a conference on literary culture in the Holy Roman Empire 1555-1720 at the Beinecke Library of Yale University in March 1987. His generous support enabled us to invite an international ros- ter of speakers and helped us to defray a considerable portion of the publication costs of this volume. We should also like to thank Dr. Christa Sammons, the curatrix of the Curt von Faber du Faur collec- tion of German Baroque literature at the Beinecke Library, for spon- soring the conference and helping with the local arrangements for the participants. Liselotte Davis (Yale University) also expedited the last- minute preparations for the symposium. Finally, we are especially grateful to Professor Paul T. Roberge, the editor of the Germanic Languages and Literatures series of the University of North Carolina Press, for his invaluable advice at all stages in the publication process, and Mamie Gray (University of Illinois at Chicago), without whose indefatigable efforts the final typescript of this volume would have never been completed. Unless otherwise stated, all translations into English or German were completed by the author of each essay. Spring 1990 James A. Parente, Jr. Richard Erich Schade George C. Schoolfield IX This page intentionally left blank Abbreviations BLVS Bibliothek des litterarischen Vereins Stuttgart CEH Central European History DVLG Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift fur Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte GLL German Life and Letters GQ German Quarterly GR Germanic Review IASL Internationales Archiv fur Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur JEGP Journal of English and Germanic Philology JMRS Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies JWCI Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes MLR Modern Language Review NDB Neue deutsche Biographie OL Orbis Litterarum PMLA Publications of the Modern Language Association of America This page intentionally left blank Literary Culture in the Holy Roman Empire, 1555-1720 This page intentionally left blank Foreword to the NewEdition: ThirtyYears Since The republication of Literary Culture in the Holy Roman Empire, 1555- 1720 provides an opportunity to reflect on the development of early modern German studies in North America and the current paths that scholars are pursuing. This book appeared at an important transitional moment in the study of German Renaissance and Baroque literature as a subject of research and teaching in major universities in North America and Europe. The volume was based on an international conference held at Yale University from March 26-28 ; 1987 to celebrate the Curt von Faber du Faur collection of German Baroque literature at Yale's Beinecke Library and to provide a forum for North American and European scholars to discuss recent trends infield. By 1987 ; early modern German literature (or mittlere deutsche Literatur as it was then called) had become an established research specialty. With the expansion of higher education during the 1960s, German graduate programs in North America committed to training the future professoriatein allperiods of German literary history. Previously early modern German literature had been a curiosity in North American departments that typically focused on events from the golden age of Goethe and Schiller to the present, with an occasional glance back at medieval writers around 1200. The medievalist, who often did double-duty as a historical Germanic linguist, was also assigned the task of covering the Renaissance, Reformation, and Baroque, since those areas seemed relatively marginal to the development of modern German letters. Specialists in the Renaissance and Baroque were quite rare, and pathbreaking early modern scholars such as Edwin H. Zeydel (1893-1973), Harald Jantz (1907-1987) and Curt von Faber du Faur (1890-1966), were also active in other historical periods. Zeydel wrote profusely on German literature from the Middle Ages to Romanticism, and many of his translations of earlier German literature are still used today. Harald Jantz was a distinguished Goethe scholar and erudite polymath, who assembled an important collection of German literary works from the Renaissance to the present with an emphasis on books published between 1570 and 1700. Curt von Faber du Faur, who as an antiquarian bookdealer before his immigration to the United States in 1939, xv xvi Foreword had an even more stunning library ofBaroquematerials. He brought his books to Yale once appointed there in 1945 as a research professor and curator of the Yale German collection in the Sterling Memorial Library. He produced a magnificent descriptive catalog of some 2,300 volumes from his collection, a veritable history of Baroque literature, along with scores of articles and translations on early German writers through the eighteenth century. These pioneers in North American early modern German studies trained and inspired the next generation of Renaissance and Baroque specialists, such as Frank Borchardt, George C. Schoolfield, and Blake Lee Spahr, whose ascendancy in the field coincided with the revival of interest in the Baroque in Germany.With the turn to historical and sociopolitical research amongliterary scholars in Germanyduringthe 1960s, the study ofthe period moved away from theorizing about the Baroqueasan aesthetic categoryto deep engagement with the intellectual historical context in which earlymodern writing wasproduced. Thanks to scholars such as Albrecht Schone and Wilfried Barner, new fields of inquiry emerged such as emblematics and rhetoric, and research into the social, political, philosophical, and religious context of early modern writing grew rapidly.Access to thousands of neglected texts and manuscripts from the period, alongside a renewed interest in canonicalwriters such as Paul Fleming, H. J. C. von Grimmelshausen, and Philipp von Zesen, and the Silesian greats, Martin Opitz, Andreas Gryphius, and Daniel Caspar von Lohenstein, was facilitated by the incomparable bibliographic work of Martin Bircher and his North American counterpart Gerhard Diinnhaupt. The establishment in 1972 at the Herzog August Bibliothek in Wolfenbuttel of the research group on the German Baroque (WolfenbuttelerArbeitskreisfurBarockforschung) transformed that institution into the epicenter of early modern German studies and lay the foundation through its triennial conferences,workshops, dynamic monograph series, and informative journal (Wolfenbutteler Barock-Nachrichten) for lively international exchange. From the late 1960s onwards, scholarly editions of early modern writers appeared regularly, many edited by the new generation of North American Renaissance and Baroque scholars trained during the 1960s and 1970s. European interest in the German Baroque expanded beyond Germany as well, thanks to the brilliant work of comparatists such as Leonard Forster (Cambridge) and Elida Maria Szarota (Warsaw) who regarded the Baroque in an European context. The 1970s witnessed a phenomenal expansion of research in early modern European literature that enhanced the study of German writing. The establishment of the International Association for Neo-Latin Studies in 1971 provided new opportunities for the literary treasures of central Europe to Foreword xvii become better known since so much Neo-Latin writing had been produced by the humanists of the German republic of letters (respublica litteraria). Research collaborations between North American scholars and their German colleagues led to the formation ofspecialized subgroups on earlymodern prose (e.g. ; Die Grimmelshausen-Gesellschaft in 1977), and in 1972, to the creation of a specialized journal Daphnis: Zeitschrift fur die deutsche Literatur und Kultur derFruhen Neuzeit. In 1983, the Society for German Renaissance and Baroque Literature was founded by North American scholars who themselves were closely connected to their Baroque colleagues in Europe through the Herzog August Bibliothek. The Yale conference acknowledged these developments in the field across generations. Of the three organizers and eventual coeditors, Schoolfield's interest in the Baroque originated at the University of Cincinnati as a student of Zeydel in the 1940s; he was appointed at Yale in 1969 as successor to Faber du Faur. Parente and Schade were his students, and Schoolfield's own unique approach to early modern literature, which encompassed Neo-Latin, Dutch, and Scandinavian writing, as well as neglected areas such as Middle Low German, inspired them to adopt similarly broad research agendas. Faber du Faur's most renowned student, Blake Lee Spahr, who trained more graduate students in the Baroque during his career at Berkeley (1955-1993) than any other North American, offered a moving remembrance of his mentor and a vivid account ofthe growth of German Baroque studies in North America that was later published apart from the current volume. There was ample crossgenerational representation at the conference. Scholars who emerged as early modernists during the 1960s (BarbaraBecker- Cantarino, Thomas Best, Gerald Gillespie, Joseph Leighton, Ulrich Mache, Michael Metzger, Karl Otto, Peter Skrine, Ferdinand van Ingen) were joined by those from the 1970s (Judith Aikin, Barton Browning, Dieter Breuer, Gerhart Hoffmeister, Uwe-K. Ketelsen, Richard Schade) and the early 1980s (jane Newman, James Parente, Marian Sperberg-McQueen). Obviously time constraints prohibited the participation of many North Americans and Europeans—in contrast, Wolfenbiirtel Baroque conferences generally lasted a week—and not every period within the 1555-1720 framework could be covered. But the conference and the ensuing volume provided a fine overview of the variety of research to date and addressed underexplored areas as well. Stronger collaborations between early modern science and literary studies were encouraged by Anthony Grafton in his keynote address on Johannes Kepler. Other contributors argued for analyzing vernacular texts alongside contemporaneous Neo-Latin writing, for emphasizing the continuities as xviii Foreword well as disruptions between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and for adopting a new geopolitical space—the Holy Roman Empire rather than the still unrealized Germany—as the historical backdrop for early modern German culture. German Renaissance and Baroque studies continued to flourish even more expansively from the 1990s onwards. The triennial conferences at the Herzog August Bibliothek were supplemented in North America by annual meetings of the Society for German Renaissance and Baroque Literature at the Modern Language Association Convention, by interdisciplinary conferences at Washington University (St. Louis) on literature from the late Middle Ages to the Enlightenment under the inspiring leadership of Gerhild Scholz Williams and Lynne Tatlock, and by the establishment in 1995 of Fruhe Neuzeit Interdisziplindr by Max Reinhart (University of Georgia), which convened scholars from awide range ofdisciplinesworking not only on centralEurope but also on former Habsburg territories from the Low Countries to Transylvania. Ironically as early modern German studies have grown and access to digitized books and manuscripts has enabled new discoveries, institutional support for German Renaissance and Baroque literature has declined. During the past decade as German studies departments have contracted, there are fewer early modernists, and German Renaissance and Baroque literature is infrequently taught. Yet despite these challenges, early modernists have joined forces with German medievalists as well as with scholars from history, art history, history of science, history ofthe book, musichistory, religion, and historical linguistics, and from Dutch, English, Nordic, and Romance history and literatures, to explore new research directions that heighten the visibility ofthe field. Among many current issues, German premodernists (i.e., medieval and early modern researchers) have played a significant role in the development of gender and sexuality studies, in illuminating religious life from mysticism to the Radical Reformation, in tracing the transnational circulation of material objects, and in investigating the origins of globalization and the formation of multilingual ethnic and national identities. Premodern conferences today are much more interdisciplinary, more theoretically informed, more intellectually diverse, and more attuned to connecting the distant past to the expectations of an educated public. The conference at Yale was an important celebration of the past and of research at that time, but it also set the stage for the intellectually exciting directions in which the field would soon evolve. Unfortunately, my fellow coeditors, George Schoolfield and Richard Schade have passed away, George in 2016, and Richard in 2019.1 am deeply grateful to them both for introducing me to early modern German literature, and for supporting me, asthe junior member of the trio, in the earlyyears of my career. xix Foreword I know that they would be very pleased that our essay collection will be made more accessible, particularly through this new digital edition, and that their own contributions continue to inspire such impressive scholarship on this perennially fascinating era. James A. Parente,Jr. Minneapolis, Minnesota July 2020