IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL TRA INING ON THE QUALITY OF PHARMACY GRADUATES Project Report submitted as per the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy in Eighth Semester As per the rules and syllabus prescribed by Pharmacy Council of India Submitted by: Rupali Govind Chavan Rohini Bhaginath Jadhav Vaishnavi Vilas Kolhe Bhagyashri Prakash Nade Aditi Jeevan Puranik Ajay Tukaram Shelar Rushikesh Sunil Toshniwal Guided By Dr. S. R. Shahi (M. Pharm. Ph.D.) GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, AURANGABAD CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Project Report of B Pharm Semester VIII titled, “ I mpact of industrial training on quality of Pharmacy graduates ”, represents the bonafied work of Rupali Chavan, Rohini Jadhav, Vaishnavi Kolhe, Bhagyashri Nade, Aditi Puranik, Ajay Shelar, Rushikesh Toshniwal , s ubmitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degr ee of Bachelor of Pharmacy. The p roject w ork has been carried out in Government C ollege of Pharmacy, Aurangabad affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad as per the rules and syllabus prescribed by Pharmacy Council of India, under the supervision and guidance of Dr. S. R. Shahi Date : 30.6.2022 Place : Aurangabad Dr. Sadhana R. Shahi Project Guide Dr. V. K. Mourya Principal GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, AURANGABAD DECLARATION We, the un d ersi g n e d Rupali Chavan, Rohini Jadhav, Vaishnavi Kolhe, Bhagyashri Nade, Aditi Puranik, Ajay Shelar, Rushikesh Toshniwal , of B .Phar m VIIIS emester of Government College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad , hereby d eclare that the p roject w o r k titled, “ Impact of industrial training on quality of Pharmacy graduates” has be e n ca rr i ed out by us un d er the sup e rv is i on a n d g ui d a n ce of Dr. S. R. Shahi i n Government College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, a f f ili a t e d to D r . Babas a heb A mbe d k ar M arath w a d a U n i v er s i t y , A ura n g a b a d , as per the rules and syllabus prescribed by Pharmacy Council of India d u r i n g acadmic year 2 0 21 - 2022 T he cont e nt p r es e n t ed in the said work is our o w n o r igin a l p roject w ork c ont r i b ution a n d the same is not s u bmit t ed to a n y other C ol l ege or Unive r si t y for a n y degree or diploma. Date: 30.6.2022 Place : Aurangabad NAME & SIGNATURE OF THE STUDENTS: Rupali Govind Chavan(GBP800076) Rohini Bhaginath Jadhav(GBP800186) Vaishnavi Vilas Kolhe(GBP800258) Bhagyashri Prakash Nade(GBP800344) Aditi Jeevan Puarnik(GBP800415) Ajay Tukaram Shelar(GBP800506) Rushikesh Sunil Toshniwal(GBP800570) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Completion of our project was a task which would have not been accomplished without cooperation and help from our guide. We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude to our guide Prof. Dr. S. R. Shahi for her guidance and constant encouragement, without which it would have not been possible. We are very much grateful to Principal Dr. V. K. Mourya who has been a constant source of inspiration. We are also thankful to our friends who stood with us throughout the completion of this project. Lastly we also th ank our parents for their love and support. NAME OF THE STUDENTS: Rupali Govind Chavan(GBP800076) Rohini Bhaginath Jadhav(GBP800186) Vaishnavi Vilas Kolhe(GBP800258) Bhagyashri Prakash Nade(GBP800344) Aditi Jeevan Puarnik(GBP800415) Ajay Tukaram Shelar(GBP800506) Rushikesh Sunil Toshniwal(GBP800570) INDEX Sr. No. Content Page No. 1 Introduction 1 - 3 2 Literature Survey 4 - 8 3 Statement of problem 9 4 Objective 10 5 Hypothesis 11 6 Scope and limitations 12 7 Significance of the study 13 8 Methodology 14 - 22 9 Analysis of data 23 - 46 10 Conclusion 47 11 References 48 Page 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. Introduction: Industrial training is a superlative runway for undergraduates to grasp the hands - on experiences provided before entering the competitive world of the profession. Through industrial training, theoretical knowledge acqu ired from lectures can be applied and practiced then, thereby experiences can be acquired. The training shows that the relationship between “theory and practice” has the potential to re - shape students in terms of their interpersonal and interpersonal skill s. Internship programs differ from course to course. On the other hand, unstructured internship programs which force the students to do the same repetitive job on a daily basis when they accept challenging work where they could have opportunities to learn and to contribute to the organization. The experiences that students get through exposure to the business world, such as experience in situation where judgments and estimation are required, cannot be learn in classrooms or from textbooks. Students can als o bring along their industrial training experiences into classroom learning, enhancing the understand - ability of a student, hence improving the student’s performance academically. To investigate the level of achievement in the training programme, this stu dy is carried out to evaluate their performance before and after the industrial training programme. These evaluations were based on some aspects like behavior, communication and work attitude. I n this project, we will only focus on the evaluation of impact on the pharmacy graduates due to industrial training. The concept and features of industrial training is as follows: Ensure the quality of students before graduation and after graduation Industrial training is very important in accessing the ability of the student particularly with respect to the variations in training practices and attitudes. The value of diversity training to promote inclusivity ,equality and fairness in organizations to examine the effectiveness of industrial training. The objectiv e of the course is to enhance the quality of graduates by exposing them early to the reality of the working world. Page 2 After a number of years of its implementation the course needs to be reviewed in order to make room for further improvements as it has prove n itself as having a great impact. Industrial training should be relevant to students' personal career interests and academic course of study. Industrial training help students make informed decisions and improve their marketability after graduation Indust rial training programs are getting more and more popular in the student learning process. Student industrial work experience scheme is a planned and supervised training intervention best on a stated and specific learning and career objectives geared toward s developing the occupational competencies of the participants. It is an effort to bridge the gap between theory and practical work. It teaches students about machines and equipment,professional methods and ways of safeguarding work areas and the workers i n the industries and organization. According to study “working in an organizational setting makes the student more aware of the importance of soft skills such as effective communication ,social interaction ,teamwork and ability to solve problems in environ ments. The experiences that students get through exposure to the business world,such as experience in situations where judgements and estimation are required ,cannot be learnt in classrooms or from textbooks. Students can also bring along their industrial training experiences into classroom learning, enhancing the understandability of a student,hence improving the students performance academically. People used to say “practice makes perfect”. Nothing is better than industrial training,gaining real world exp eriences. Industrial training provides avenues for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire practical skills that they are likely to meet after graduation. To provide students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in real work and actu al practice; Page 3 To make the transition from school to the world of work easier and to enhance students' contacts for later job placements.It is obvious that the reasons that led to the inception of the program some decades ago are today even more relevant due to rapid technological development, especially as it concerns accounting practice. 1.2 Need of work: Rapid changes in the information technology, work life and society lead to the advancement in work contents well as affect to the economic growth. In addre ssing these changes, crucial profession like pharmacy will hire highly skilled future pharmacist to cope up the the competitive market. There are no specific list of skill in the generic skills but typically, it relates to dominate in skills such as commun ication, teamwork, critical thinking and problem solving, leadership, entrepreneurship, lifelong learning and ethics. The training helps the students to understand the industrial scale operations and the use of the latest equipment and instruments. 1.3 Theme: The theme of the project will highlight a study that investigates the performance of graduate students in the pre & post industrial training. Practical training provides students and the faculty with a means of bridging the gap between career expectation s developed in the classroom and the reality of employment in the real world. Page 4 CHAPTER 2 LITE RATURE SURVEY 2.1. Related work: As per the ordinance of PCI, it is mandatory for the students to undertake industrial training for 4 weeks in a pharmaceutical manu facturing unit. The training helps the students to understand the industrial scale operations and the use of the latest equipment and instruments Chiu et al ., (2016) reviewed that the importance of developing soft skills competency among students should b e the priority of all the Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) in order to ensure that their graduates are marketable. Therefore, it is essential for HEIs to distinguish the knowledge and soft skill levels of their students so that strategies and interve ntion could be implemented to rectify their capabilities. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and soft skills competency from the employer’s viewpoints on the University Utara Malaysia (UUM) students participating in the industrial training program me [6]. Nor et al ., (2015) aimed to investigate the effect of industrial training on subsequent academic performance of accounting students in Malaysia. The performance measures examined in this study included the overall academic perfor mance of the students as well as their performance in subsequent specific courses. This study used secondary data obtained from the university database. In particular, the data on the list of accounting students who underwent practical training, informatio n on GPA, CGPA, and the results for fundamental auditing, advanced auditing, fundamental taxation and advanced taxation courses for each student, were extracted from the database. In conclusion, industrial training contributed to better academic achievemen t irrespective of gender [3] Saleh et al ., (2015) conducted a cross - sectional, questionnaire - based survey on all final - year pharmacy students in King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Out of a total of 130 students register ed in the final - year of the pharmacy program in KSU, 122 (93.8%) were able to complete the questionnaire. The Page 5 results showed that the majority (83%) of Saudi pharmacy students indicated that they had not received practical training in the pharmaceutical co mpanies, while only 17.2% of the students felt that they had the knowledge and the skills to work in the pharmaceutical industry after graduation. The majority of the students (66. 7%) chose clinical pharmacy as their future career field while only 10.9% i ndicated willingness to work in a pharmaceutical industry career. Only 8.2% selected working in the pharmaceutical industry. The significant predictor of possibly choosing the career in the local drug industry was a student with a bachelor’s degree compare d to Pharm D degree in Pharmacy. In c onclusion Pharmacy students who were enrolled in the capital city of Riyadh were not properly trained to play an influential role in local drug companies. As a result, their level of willingness to have a career in such an important business was not promising [4] Rosemary Obasi., (2015) studied the impact of IT on student’s performance, using Benson Idahosa University as a case study. To achieve this purpose, performance was measured using six different variants of per formance while seven independent variables were measured and used to test the hypotheses. A total of fifty three students were sampled. Questionnaire was used to elicit data for the study. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and c orrelation analysis and hypotheses tested using t - test statistics and regression. Among the 6 items on Performance issues, 4 produced statistically significant in respondents' ratings. They found that, Stipends, Number of Units, IT Relevance, use of Tools , and supportive Boss impact on students' performance. Supportive Boss is a key variable that ensures that IT impacts students' academic performance since; it cuts across all of the variants of performance. The study concluded that the institutions should include IT training in their accounting program and institutions should endeavor to collect relevant databases from their IT students [8] Nurlina et al ., (2013) studied the preceptor perception of student performance. This study was done with the objecti ve to evaluate UiTM’s Bachelor of Pharmacy student’s performance and to investigate preceptors’ perceptions towards them during industrial training. Questionnaires were distributed to selected pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, traditional and complementary m edicine industries (n=55). The outcome of these questionnaires was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Page 6 (SPSS). The analysis revealed that the preceptors have a good viewpoint of these final year students. Nearly all respondents ag r eed that 82% of these students showed excellent performance during their industrial training. On the scale of 1 - 10, almost all elements tested showed the mean score of equal or more than 8. Nevertheless, students needed to improve on their entrepreneurial and managerial skills. This study proved that the preceptors selected from various industries showed a favorable outlook towards the performance of UiTM pharmacy graduates, however more effort needed to be done in order to improve their entrepreneurial an d managerial skills [2] Rodzalan & Saat., (2012) reviewed the underpinning theories and past literature on generic skills in relation to industrial training attended by students in higher learning institutions. Subsequently, a number of hypotheses and a fr amework of generic skills development was proposed . Four generic skills discussed were communication skill, teamwork skill, critical thinking and problem solving and moral and professional ethics. The paper proposed that the development of these generic s kills is influenced by or has some relationships with students demographic and motivation, as well as organization al characteristics and culture [1] Maelah et al ., (2012) concluded that although Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA) requires a six mont hs industrial training for accountancy degree programme offered in any university in Malaysia since 2005, to date there is no study on its contribution to the development of student's skills, in particular the soft skill. This study discussed the outcomes obtained from a survey of 137 accounting students at University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Overall, this study showed that students developed various soft skills including time management, oral communication and working in groups. Theoretically, this study contributed to the existing line of research in industrial training. In addition, findings from this study provided guidance to policy makers such as MIA and university's administrators to enhance future industrial training programmes. Nasir et al ., (2011 ) studied that Industrial Training or (IT) is one of the compulsory courses for students at the Faculty of Islamic Studies. The objective of the course was to enhance the quality of graduates by exposing them early to the reality of the working world. Afte r a number of years of its implementation the course needs to be reviewed in order to make room for further improvements as it has proven itself as Page 7 having a great impact. The research was carried out with the main objective of determining the effectiveness of IT programmes among students of the Faculty of Islamic Studies (FIS) of University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) as well as to understand the principle underlying the concept of IT. For this purpose 110 questionnaires were distributed to third year student s of various departments in FIS. The selected group of students comprised those who have gone through their IT at the end of their fourth semester of studies. The research was further supported by a series of interviews with a number of stakeholders and a comprehensive reference work at the library to gather supporting materials on the concept and the philosophical basis of IT. Data collected from the questionnaire survey was analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, (SPSS). The rese arch findings showed that IT has been very positive in terms of re - shaping the attitude of students from FIS. Suggestions made by the students involved in the survey were also taken into account to further improve the implementation of IT. The suggestions helped in minimizing future problems related to IT [7] Osman et al ., (2008) studied that a r apid growth of infrastructure development in Malaysia increased chances of job market for many graduated students. In order to keep up with the demands, universitie s held responsibility to produce students with sufficient background and excellent qualifications. As an assurance for the performance of students was up to the standards, preparation and exposure to the industrial training was a must in the programme. Thi s paper discussed the perceptions of the undergraduate students from the Civil Engineering Department on their industrial training programme. Students were evaluated on the benefits of the training programme based on the questionnaires given to them once t hey have completed the training programme. Various aspects were asked and these can be summarized into three main aspects i.e. Attitude, communication and work attitude of the students before and after the training programme. The results showed that the ov erall student's performance before the training was on average 48% - 63% for those three main aspects. However, after the completion of the training programme, the percentage of these three main aspects had increased up to 89% - 95%. These results also pro ved that the industrial training programme is merely beneficial to the students in terms of engineering education improvement and engineering profession [5] Page 8 Dana Hammer., (2003) worked on this paper to serve as a tool for preceptors to aid in pharmacy stu dents’ development of professionalism. Specifically, the article defined professionalism, described it in the context of contemporary pharmacy practice, discussed the professional socialization process of students, and suggested strategies for preceptors t o facilitate improvement in professionalism among students during experiential training. While numerous suggestions were presented, positive role modeling was considered the most important means of improving professionalism among students. Page 9 CHAPTER 3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The rapid growth of pharmaceutical industry in India has resulted into an increased demand for skilled and trained graduates and postgraduates in pharmaceutical sciences over the last decades. Over a period of tim e due to the rapid development and changing technology, academic institutions have not been able to produce pharmacists who are productive and readily employable. Thus, resulting in a gap between industry and academia. The educational reforms in terms of m aking a robust curriculum with active participation of the industry is the nee d of the hour Page 10 CHAPTER 4 OBJECTIVE The purpose of the industrial training is to expose the students to the real work of the environment at the same time, to gain the knowledge to hand on observation and job excursions. From the industrial training, students will develop skills in work ethics, communication and management and others. Moreover, this practical training program allows students to relate theoret ical knowledge with its applications in the manufacturing industry. There is also the objective of the training work is to expose the faculty or students working in industry thereby getting acquainted with day to day drug handling and manufacturing, qualit y control, quality assurance of the formulations. Industrial training can make the students aware of the industry norms. Industrial training provides opportunities to the students to test their interest in a particular career before joining any industry or organization. The objectives of the present project work: ● To conduct survey pre and post industrial training of pharmacy graduates ● To study the impact of industrial training on the quality of pharmacy graduates ● The study the attributes acquired post indu strial training Page 11 CHAPTER 5 HYPOTHESIS The hypothesis for the present project work is: The impact of industrial tr aining on the quality of Pharmacy graduates is significant. Page 12 CHAPTER 6 SCOPE & LIMITATIONS 6.1 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The industrial training is designed for a student to practice knowledge gained at university or college in the workplace as part of the fulfillment of the bachelor degree award. It is compulsory for every undergraduate student to undergo industrial training for a specif ied period of time prescribed by PCI for which is required for issue of licence. Industrial training gives sufficient knowledge , useful in obtaining employment upon graduation . The exposure to i ndustrial training will also develop new skills in work ing, wo rk integrity , project management , c ommunication and other useful skills. The students become familiar with various departments and an insight to choose their field on endeavor. 6.2 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: 1. The study was conducted for students of Government College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad 2. The time for assessment between pre and post i ndustrial training was less than 6 months Page 13 CHAPTER 7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY As we know industry training is part o f the syllabus for all Pharmacy , Polytechnic, Engin eering students. In fact it is one of the compulsory subjects for all students as a condition for obtaining a certificate or Diploma. Industrial training will expose the students to the working environment in industry. So, it will enable students to unders tand the theories studied with more detailed and hands - on practice within a real job situation. Through this industrial training, all students will be given exposure fully within the real job situation. In addition , it can help students to gain their self - confidence and discover their own ability. It can also be a preparation or a preview to the working environment later in future. In addition , students also participate in team work from different ages in which we need to be more mature and open - minded when at work. Students will also be able to familiarize themselves with receiving the advice and comply with all directions given by employers and be able to do a job that is entrusted with complete besides being responsible and dedicated employees. Stude nts will be able to foster the spirit that is always there to do almost any job and indirect new students also gain experience in their respective fields before facing a real working environment. At the same time, industrial training can also nurture a stu dent’s leadership ability and responsibility to perform or execute the given task. Besides that , the student will be more disciplined to follow rules and regulations when conducting industrial training. They would be trained for proper schedule planning a nd time management. This situation will be fostered responsibly and independently to students. Finally , through this industrial training students can take this as a challenge and test their perseverance and thinking abilities when facing a decision making situation. Industrial training is a great and invaluable experience for students. To knowledge, attitude , behavior skills imbibed in Pharmacy graduates after industrial training is the aim of the present project work, Page 14 CHAPTER 8 METHODOLOGY 8.1 Survey desc ription: This is a cross - sectional study conducted on pharmacy students at the Government College of Pharmacy in Aurangabad, Maharashtra. In identifying student’s generic skills development during industrial training, both qualitative and quantitative met hods were used as the research methodology. The main research instrument was a questionnaire, while the personal interviews have been conducted to gain some insight and in - depth information. 8.2 Population of the study: All 67 students in the final year of B achelor of Pharmacy program who have take up industrial training programme were included in the study. Questionnaire design: The questionnaire were designed in two phases: Pre - industrial training (Phase I) Post - industrial training (Phase II) As the ob jective is to determine the development in pre and post phase, two similar sets of questionnaires were designed, with additional questions in Phase II. Questionnaire development: Total 24 questionnaires were asked including phase I and II. Few questions w ere based on the 1 - 5 likert scale whereas, other questions were prepared to investigate the students evaluation on the industrial training program which included: a) Students profile b) Experiences and incidents during industrial training c) Student’s perception b efore undergoing industrial training program d) Student’s perception after undergoing industrial training program e) Student’s perception on the benefits of the industrial training program Page 15 Data collection: Data collection processes divide into two parts; part A pre and part B post industrial training. The significance in conducting the pre and post study is to examine the difference between the development of a student's generic skills before and after attending the industrial training. To ensure the validity of the study, the same students were used Identifying knowledge and soft skills: The questionnaire focuses on four dimensions of soft skills which are: (i) Communication skills (ii) Practical skills (iii) Leadership (iv) Attitude Measurable components were then identified for each dimension enlisted in table below: Table No. 8.1 Measurable Components for each dimensions. Dimensions Measured Component Basic knowledge Knowledge on the field of study, responsibility, attached industry and current issues Communication skills Level of capabilities to deliver thoughts, opinions, and perform negotiations with peers. Practical skills Components in the dimension include the student's ability to use computers and technology and solve the assigned problem. L eadership The dimension consists of components such as the ability to make decisions pertaining to the task planning, to deal with other colleagues, and willingness to accept responsibilities. Attitude Components in the dimension include level of commitme nt on the job, time management, willingness in giving assistance when needed and task prioritization. Ethical issues: