PAN, IM, ML Or COMPOSITAE INDICA. COMPOSIT.JE INDICE, DESCRIPTJAE ET SECUS GENERA BENTHAMII ORDINATZJE. AH e a C: B^CLARKE olim. Horti Botanici Calcuttensis prefecto. -RUSLINST ix Ez 211917 NM &alcutiu: pgy, wi * ijATIGUAL V THACKER, SPINK AND CO. " Bowsax: TuackgR, VieiNG & Co. Mapmas : HicoiNBorgaM & Co. Lowpow: W. TuackEsn & Co. 1876. (Price, One Rupee Eight Annas.) * INTRODUCTORY NOTE. .. "THE present Monograph was intended to appear in the Jour- nal of the Asiatic Society, Bengal, of which Society I had former- ly the honor of being a Member. With this object I placed it in the hands of the Society's Secretary early 4n April 1875 : and arranged then with him for its early appearance as an extra number. Though I wrote to him, reminding him that one reason I had placed the Monograph in the hands of the Society was that it might appear early, I could get no reply from him till August when the subjoined correspondence (which requires little comment) ensued. No. 1. No. 336, AsraTIO SocrgTY's Roows; Calcutta, August 2nd, 1875. Mx pzAR CLARKE, Iam directed by the President to inform you that * the Council regret that they cannot afford the expense of publishing your Monograph of Indian Compositze." Will you please tell me what I am to do with the MS. « Yours sincerely, JawEs Woop-MasoN, Hon. Secretary. C. B. Cranxz, EsQ., Deorjeeling. No. 2. 94th, August, 1875. My pzAR CLARKE, In reply I beg to state that your offer to pay such portion of the expense of printing the Comp. Ind. as might be necessary to reduce the cost to the Society within that of an ordinary paper—in short any portion of the expense that the Council might ask of you—was duly laid before that body. The whole correspondence was, moreover, forwarded to the President some time before the meeting of the Council at which the ques- tion was considered. Yours very truly, JAwES Woop-Masom. iu No. 3. Darjeeling, 8th Nov., 1875. Mx pzAn Woop-MASON, I duly received your letter of 24th Au- gust, 1875, and as I had other grounds for knowing that the statement in it is true, and that consequently the statement of the Asiatic Council to me conveyed by their Secretary's No. 336 of 2nd August, 1875, is not true, Ilaid the papers before a friend of high position and experienced judgment ; and now with his approval beg you to communicate to the Asiatic Council that I have withdrawn from the Society. In communicating this to the Council on my behalf, I trust you will make it clear to the Council that I do not in any way deny their right to reject any paper offered for publication, giving no reasons whatever for such rejection. Yours very truly, C. B. CLARKE. No. 4. No. 663, AsraTrc SocrgTY's Roows; Calcutta, 10th Dec., 1875. C. B. Cranxg, EsQ., : Danjeeling. Mx pEAR Sirm, In repiy to your letter of the 8th November Tam directed by the Council to express their regret, that you should wish to withdraw from the Society on account of the non-accept- ance of your paper. I am further to state that the Council were aware of your offer to pay the cost of publication, but they never entertained the idea of charging you or any body else for the printing of an article published in the Journal for which the Society annually passes a fixed sum. Now, when you forwarded your Monograph to the Council, one of the conditions of printing made by you was that the whole should appear together; and as doing so would have nearly swallowed up the whole of the sum sane- tioned for the Journal for this or any year, the Council in- formed you that they could not afford the expense of printing your Monograph. Further, they were aware from your letter that their non-aeceptance of the paper would have no influence in depriving of it the public interested in such matters, as you ii had determined to publish it whether the Council printed 16 or not. Viewed in this light, the resolution of the Council was. perfectly correct. Trusting the explanation will be considered satisfactory. Í am, my dear Sir, Yours faithfully, J. WATERHOUSE, Capt., Hon. Sec., A. S. B. No. 5. 21st January, 1876. My DEAR StR, In reply to your letter No. 663 of l0th Decem- ber, 1875, I must first point out that you have asseu&ed in your first para., what I so particularly denied, viz., that I have with- drawn from the Asiatic Society, because the Society did not . accept my paper. The facts are these. I placed my paper with an offer to pay the cost of publication in the Society's Secretary's hands in April last: the Council wrote to me in Àugust, stating that they declined the paper because of the cost. In my letter of 8th November, I have said I had other grounds (beside Mr. Wood- Mason's letter of 24th August) for impugning the statement made by the Council. I will mention one of these. When my paper was first brought before the Council it was ordered to be referred to Dr. King for report (as Dr. King himself tells me): and the Council would give me no reply about accepting the paper (although the cost was caleulated by the Secretary before first laying it before them) until they could get in Dr. King's report. "There was some delay about this: and when it arrived it was of a dubious character, and did nof recommend the Council to accept the paper. "The Counmeil thereupon in August write to me that they "have declined the paper * because they cannot afford the expense :;" a short letter hinting at no other concurrent reasons. The Council still assert, in their No. 663, that their resolution was perfectly correct. I do not wish to press my charge of untruthfulness further against the Council: as they have made me an explanation after I had made the charge, 1t would appear ungenerous, and quazrrelsome so to do. But 1v whether the Council's course was *' perfectly correct" or not, it - was not the friendly and courteous treatment that I expected from them. The Council might, when my paper was first laid. before them, have told me that they never permitted the authors of papers to contribute towards the cost of the Asiatie Journal : or they might fhen have declined the paper without giving any reason, and I should have had nothing to complain of. As matters stand, I feel no inclination to have anything more to do with the Society, and must repeat that I have withdrawn from it. Yours very truly, C. B. CraRKE. To Carr. WATERHOUSE, Hon. Secy., A. S. B. It is perhaps superfluous to state that the correspondence stopped at this point. It will perhaps surprise persons unac- quainted with the internal management of the Asiatie Society, . Bengal, to learn (after reading the above correspondence) that the Council Asiatic Society Bengal constantly receive payment from contributors of papers to their Journals. The Council may say that such payments are supposed devoted to the cost of il- lustrations, and that no part of them goes to the printing: but I perhaps have no right to suggest that they would put forward. so disingenuous a distinction. To make the story qwite complete, I may add that the dii question ofthe printing was arranged (before the paper was first laid before the Council) with their Secretary. It was arranged that it might appear as an Extra Number of the Journal (exactly as similar papers appear in supplemental numbers of the Lin- nzaan Journal) without any disturbance of the Society's ar- rangements with their printer whatever. The Asiatie Society Bengal actually published in m-- 1875 an Extra Number of the Journal without illustrations, viz, Blyth's Catalogue of Birds and Mammals of Birma: the very month in which my Monograph should have appeared: and I am told that the cost of this Monograph was largely provided by Mr. Blyth's friends. 1I was to pay the whole cost of the ** Indian Composite" if so desired by the Society. My object in troubling the Society with the paper at all was solely to secure the services of the Society's Secretary in putting it through the press. I am a travelling officer in re- Y mote parts of Bengal,and my Calcutta printers do not under- stand one word of Latin: the consequence is that 1t has occupied. me nearly a year to get the present book through the press, and itnow appearsin very different style from that in which it would have appeared, had it enjoyed the advantage of superin- iendence by the Asiatic Society's Secretary on the spot. Indis orientalis pars ea qua a reginze Victorie vicario admi- nistratur cum Zeylania in hoc libello India dicitur. Idcirco plante Cabulieze (qua potius ad Floram Persicam spectant) et plantz . Singaporenses (quas Flore Malaiez melius tribueris) preetermis- se sunt. — Ante oculos habui (1) Herbarium Horti Botanici Caleuttensis mihi in usum a Doctore King (Horti Praefecto) benigne ac libe- raliteP traditum (2) Herbarium proprium amiciss. Sulpicii Kurz, plures species in. Himalaya boreali a Doctoribus Stoliezka, Bran- diset Jaeschke lectas, et multas species Javanicas nominibus authenticis notatas continens. (3) Exempla a meipso 1n omni fere planitie Bengalicà ;in Khasià ;in Sikkim usque ad 16,000 ped. alt.;in Himalayà boreali-oecidentalhi : in Chutià Nagpurá: in Madras et in Nilagiricis quasi-À penninis collecta. Preterea Sulp. Kurz mihi Compositarum Indicarum Catalo- gumacl T. Thomsoni manu perscriptum pretiosum benigne tradidit. Libri subseripti citantur : (1.) De Candollei Prodromus : part. V. VI. VII. (2.) RBoxburghii Flora Indica, a Doctore Carey edita. (3. Wighti Icones Plantarum Indis orientalis. (4.) Miquelii Flora Inaize Batavz. (5.) Kochii Synopsis, Florz Germanice et Helvetice ; Editio Tertia 1857. (6.) Walpersii Repertorium Botanices Systematicc et Annales Botanices Systematicz. Conspectus Tribuum, Subtribuum et Generum Indicorum e magno opere Benthamii exscriptus. Tuipus I.VERNONIACEE. Capitula homogama, tubuliflora. Anthe- re basi sagittatz. Styli rami subulati, hirtelli. Foha sspis- sime alterna. Corollz nunquam flave. Pappus ssepius setosus vel paleaceus. Subtribus 1l. Ewvernoniec. Capitula discreta: Series 1. Ethuliez. Pappus 9 vel e setis caducissimis compositus. * Antherarum auricule obtuse vel acuminatz nec caudate. 4. Ethulia. Achsenia 4-5-angulata, apice late truncata. Pappus 0. Capitula parva, laxe corymbosa. Involucrum campanula- tum nec foliatum. 8. Centratherum. Achsnia l0-costata. Pappi setze paucs vel copiose. Capitula mediocria vel majuscula, solitaria vel co- rymbosa. ÍInvolucrum latum, bracteis exterioribus foliaceis laxis vel rarius breviter tantum herbaceo-appendiculatis. 9. Lamprachsenium. Achznia ecostata, nitidissima, apice ro- tundata. Pappi sete paucs. Capitula parvula, corymboso- panniculata. Involucri bractez acutissimze vel exteriores sub- appendiculatze. * * Anthere basi subeaudatee. 18. Adenoon. Achsnia 10-costata.'Pappus O0. Capitula co- flora corymboso-paniculata. Involucrum paniculatum. Series 2. Euvernoniezm. Pappus plus minus persistens e setis sepius 2-9-seriatis compositus, interioribus copiosis tenuibus elongatis rarius leviter complanatis, exterioribus nunc con- formibus at brevioribus copiosis paucis vel evanidis nunc brevibus plus minus paleaceis. 16. Vernonia. Receptaculum nudum vel rarius foveolatum. Antherarum auricule obtuse vel acuminate nec caudatm, Achsenia 10-costata, pappi setis vel paleis exterioribus variis vel nullis vel 4-5-angulata setis exterioribus copiosis brevi- bus. Herbs fruticesve ramis foliatis. Capitula varia. CONSPECTUS GENERUM. ni -Subiribus 2. Lychnophorece. Oapitula ssepius l-vel pauci-flora, in glomerulum capituliformem aggregata. 98. Elephantopus. Glomeruli pleio-cephali, terminales vel sessiles, receptaculo communi parvo. Capitulorum involucra e bracteis sepius 8 biserialibus. Corollz sepius a latere in- teriore profundius fisss. Pappi sete vel pales; 1-2-seriates, rigidse. Tnrbsus II. EvPATORIACEZ. Capitula homogama, tubuliflora. An- there basi subintegre. Styl rami subteretes, obtusi, breviter papillosi. Folia opposita vel alterna. Corolle rarius ochro- leues nec vere flavzee. Pappus szpius setosus. Sübtribus 1 Piqueriec. Antherz apice truncate exappendicu- late. Achsenia costis 5 angulata, secundariis evanidis. 47. Adenostemma. Involucri bractee numerose, sub-2-seriatze, pàrum inzquales. Pappi sete 3-5, breves, rigidze, subclavatse, patentes. Herbs. Capitula mediocria vel parvula, laxe corym- boso-paniculata. Subtribus 2. Ageratec. Antherse apice appendiculate. Achsmnia costis 5 angulata, secundarus evanidis. * Pappus e toto vel partim paleaceus vel aristosus vel e setis rigidis 5-10. ! 94. Ageratum. Involucri bractese 2-3-seriatee, parum inzequales. Pappi paleze nune 5 breves vel longe aristate libere velin coronam laceram coalitze, nunc 10-20 anguste breves in- * equales. Herbs. Capitula mediocria vel parvula, dense co- rymbosa vel laxe paniculata. * * Pappi setze co, siniplices vel breviter barbellatz. 66. Eupatorium. Involueri bractese co-seriatee imbricatee, vel 2-9-seriatee parum insquales, semper plus quam 5. Pappi sete co tenues vel rigidule, leves sceabre vel barbellatz. Herbs fruticesve. Capitula parva mediocria vel majuscula, panieulata, corymbosa vel longe pedunculata, co-vel rarius 1-4-flora. Corollz tenues, in limbum parum ampliatee. . . 67. Mikania. Involucri bractecte 4 parum inszquales. Pappi seta co uniseriate scabre. Frutices vel herbs, szepe volubiles. Capitula racemosa vel paniculata, 4-flora. Corolle limbus ssepius distincte campanulatus. Styli rami quam. in prece- dentibus acutiores. iv CONSPECTUS GENERUM. "argus III. AsrEROIDEZ. Capitula heterogama radiata vel disci- formia, vel radio deficiente homogama. —Anthere basi obtu- sse, subintegre. Styli rami complanati, appendiculati. Folia sepissime alterna. Receptaculum ssepissime nudum. Corolle disci sepissime flavse, radii homochroms vel heterochromse. . Subtribus 1. Homochromeoc. Corolla $ dum adsint ligulate, iis disci concolores, sseepissime flavze. 91. Solidago. Ligule paucs. lInvoluerum angustum rarius latiusculum. Styli appendices sspius lanceolati. Achesenia obóvoidea vel oblonga. Pappi setze copiose, tenues, parum inzquales. Capitula fageiculata vel scorpioideo-paniculata, rarius corymbosa. Subtribus 2. Grangeinec. Corolla ? 2-co-seriate, discum non excedentes, apice 2-dentate vel campanulate. Pappus 9 vel e pilis setisve brevissimis caducissimis vel e basi cartilaginea vel subpaleacea oriundus. Ínvolucri bractez subzquales vel exteriores foliacee. Herbs. Capitula ssepius parva. 104. Dichrocephala. Receptaculum intra marginem subcon- iractum, elevatum, disco subplano. Achsmnia erostria, com- pressa, nervo marginata. 105. Cyathocline. Receptaculum intra marginem subcontrac- tum, elevatum, disco concavo. Achsnia erostria, oblonga, immarginata. 106. Grangea. Receptaculum convexum vel conicum nudum. Achrenia apice in annulum vel collum margine dentatum vel subsetosum producta. Herbs ssepius prostrate, ramosse, villosse. Subtribus 3. Bellidee. Corolle 9 ligulate ligula patente, albse vel versicolores nec flave. Pappus O0 vel breviter coronifor- mis vel ad annulum pilorum brevissimorum vel ad setas per- paucas caducissimas reductus. * [igule ssepius 2-co-seriatse parvse. 111. Myriactis. Involucrum latum, bracteis pauci-seriatis am- gustis. Ligule 2-co-seriate, parvse. Achsenia erostria vel bre- vissime rostrata, oleosa. Pappus O0. Caulis erectus, ramosus. 112. Rhynchospermum. Involucri bractese pauciseriate, im- bricatz. Ligule 2-co-seriate, breves latz. Achszenia rostrata. Pappi set; paucse caducissim: vel 9. Caules rigide ramosi. 113. Lagenophora. Involucrum latum, bracteis suh-2-seriatis CQONSPECTUS GENERUM. j v subsqualibus. Corolle $ varis, ssepius parvs. AÁchsnia ros- trata vel apice contracta. Pappus OQ. Folia radicalia. Seapi 1-cephah. * * Lieule sepius l-seriatse vel sub-2-seriate patentes. . 116. Brachycome. Involucrum latum, bracteis sub-2-seriatis . subequalibus herbaceis. Achsnia discifertilia. Pappus 0 vel ex annulo setarum brevium. Herbs ramoss vel rarius folis radicalibus scapigerse. Subtribus 4. Heteroclwomec. COorolle $ ligulate ligula patente, albe vel versicolores nec flavse, rarissime deficientes vel irre- gulariter ampliate. Pappus disci saltem setosus vel rarius paleaceus vel aristosus. * Pappus anomalus, e setis plumosis paleis vel aristis com- positus. 191. Boltonia. Pappi sete brevissime, subpaleacesm, additis sepius aristis 2-4 achzemnio haud longioribus. Receptaculum convexum vel conicum. * * Pappus setosus copiosus, l-co-serialis, (1n floribus radii ra- rius depauperatus.) a. lagule sepius latiuscule aut ampliate. 134. Callistephus. Involueri hemispherici bractez exteriores folaces, interiores membranaceo-scariose. Achsenia com- pressa. Pappi setz exteriores brevissim:, coronam parvam (utin Astere Phalacrolomate) formantes. 196. Aster. Involucri campanulati vel hemisphzrici bracteze co-seriatze, nune herbaceo-appendiculate vel squarross, nune mafgine scariose exappendiculate, nune sub-9-seriate her- bacesque. Achsmnia (paucis speciebus exceptis) valde com- pressa. Pappi setze copiose, 2-co-seriate. Herbs sepius perennes. b. Ligule sepius numerose anguste vel diminute (hetero- chromz.) 150. Brachyactis. Involucri bractez 2-3-seriatse, anguste, ex- teriores herbacezs. Ligule minime. Herbz foliate, capitulis breviter pedunculatis axillaribus vel confertis. Cetera Eri- gerontis. Tal 151. Erigeron. Involucri bractez angustz, sub-2-seriatz, pa- rum inzquales. Ligule 2-co-seriatz, anguste vel subfiliformes, nunc minims. Achswnia compressa, sepius parva. Pappi setze l-seriate, vel exterioribus additis paucis- brevissimis. Styli v CONSPECTUS GENERUM, florum 9 rami (exceptis Oritropiis) appendicibus brevibus. Herbs» (rarius suffrutescentes ?) villose vel canescentes nec argentesm. Capitula pedunculata, solitaria, corymbosa vel paniculata. Subtribus 5. Conyzec. Capitula disciformia, rarius homogama. Corolle ? dum adsint filiformes vel ligula parva erecta vel vix patente donate, ssepius co-seriate, concolores vel rarius albide. Pappus setosus. 154. Microglossa. Flores ? l-co-seriati, corollis minute ligu- latis, disci fertiles. Involucri bractes co-seriate, imbricate. Frutices elati vel scandentes, capitulis parvis. corymbosis paniculatisve. 156. Conyza. Flores $ co-seriati, corollis breviter filiformibus vel vix minute ligulatis ; plerique fertiles. Involucri brac- tes 2-co-geriate. Achsmnia parva compressa. Herbs suffrutices vel frutices non glutinosi, inflorescentia varia. 160. "Thespis. Flores ? 2-cc-seriati apetali ; V steriles. Pappi set; breves basi subdilatate. Herba annua, erecta, capitulis parvis dense cymosis glomeratisve. Tarsus IV. IwvuLorpEx. Capitula heterogama disciformia vel ra- diata, vel radio deficiente homogama. . Antherz basi setiferze velcaudats. Styli rami lineares, obtusi, inappendiculati vel stylus florum sterilium indivisus. Folia sepius alterna. Co- rolle disci sepissime flave, radii homochrome vel rarius heterochromz. Subtribus 1. Plucheinec. Capitula androgyna, disciformia vel rarius semidioica, vel corollis exterioribus ampliatis irregula- riter radiatiformia. Involucri bracteze herbacezs vel siccse vel interiores scarioss. Antherarum cauds simplices, setiformes, mucroniformes vel obsoletze. Receptaculum epaleaceum. Stylus florum 9 indivisus vel ramis filiformibus obtusis. * Capitula discreta, solitaria corymbosa vel paniculata, rarius conferta. a. Pappi seta tenues, copiose. 171. Blumea. Herbs annus vel perennes, capitulis varie pa- niculatis vel confertis rarius subsolitariis. Involueri bractes anguste, herbacez vel tenues. Corolle $ filiformes. Anthe- rg caudatz. Stylus florum 9. apice bifidus. 172. Laggera. Herbzx annus perennes 'vel basi frutescentes, CONSPECTUS GENERUM. vii capitulis panieulatis vel in summis axillis sessilibus. Involu- cri bractese co-seriate, ssepius rigidule, lanceolatze vel angus- te. Oorolle 2 filiformes. Antherse ecaudate. Stylus florum y 2-fidus. 173. Pluchea. Frutices velsuftrutices rarius herbs perennes, capitulis corymbosis rarius solitariis. Involueri bractes siccee, sceepius late, rarius membranacez vel anguste. Corolle $ filiformes. Stylus lorum y indivisus vel rarius apice bifidus. b. Pappus O. 180. Nanothammus. Herba humilis rigidula, capitulis sessih- bus subeonfertis. Corolle y 2-labiate. Pappus OQ. 182. Epaltes. Herbs erecte vel diffuse, foliis interdum decur- rentibus, capitulis parvis cymoso-corymbosis vel sessihbus. Pappus Q. * * Capitula in glomerulos densos globosos vel ovoideos aggre- gata. Corolle $ filiformes. 183. Sphsranthus. Herbz folis decurrentibus alatz, capitu- lorum glomerulis terminalibus solitarüs. Pappus 9. 184. Pierocaulon. Herbs foliis decurrentibus alate, capitulo- rum glomerulis sessilibus spicatis dissitis vel solitarüs. Pap- pus tenuiter setosus. Subtribus 9. Filaginec. Capitula androgyna in glomerulos ag- gregata vel rarius discreta, oribus $ paleis receptaculi sub- tensis vel involutis, V in centro capituli seepe nudis. Involu- eri bractez ssepius scariosse vel hyalinz rarius sicese vel apice radiantes. Corolle 9 filiformes. Stylus florum 9 indivisus vel ramis obtusis subulatisve nec truncatis. * Achsenia longa vel lata, 2-4-angulata vel o»-costata. Frutices vel herbe, glabri vel tomentoso-lanati. 187. Blepharispermum. Flores $ paleis subtensi. Achsenia lata a dorso compressa, margine ciliata. Pappi palez vel setee co-breves, valde inz:quales. Suffrutices vel frutices glabri. Capitulorum glomeruli ad apices ramorum solitarii. 188. Athroisma. Flores $ paleis subtensi Achsmnia lata, à dorso compressa, margine ciliata. Pappi pale; brevissimse, in annulum ciliato-fimbriatum coalite. Herbs glabre vel sublanate. Folia pinnatim dissecta. Capitulorum glomeruli ad apices ramorum solitarii. vii QONSPECTUS GENERUM. * * Achsnia parva ecostata. Herbs scpius humiles cano-tomen- tose vel lanatze gnaphalioidesz. 195. Filago. Flores $ oo-seriati, exteriores vel omnes paleis concavis subtensi vel fere involuti : V in centro nudi. Pappus setosus vel in ambitu capituli Q. 196. Ifloga. Flores $ co-seriati, paleis hyalinis subtensi : V in centro nudi. Pappus florum ? 9 florum Y esetis paucis apice plumosis. Capitula sessilia, solitaria vel fasciculata. Subtribus 3. Gnaphaliee. Capitula androgyna disciformia vel homogama discoideaque. Involucri bractes scarioss, ssepe hyalinz, vel interiores radiantes. Receptaculum epaleaceum, vel rarius in capitulis homogamis paleis deciduis onustum- Stylus florum 9 vel styli rami sepissime iruncati. Series l. Eugnaphalez. Capitula nune androgyna floribus $ quam 9 numerosioribus (rarius paullo paucioribus) nune plus minus unisexualia dioica vel monoica, glomerata vel dis- tincta. Involueri bractez rarius radiantes. Receptaculum epaleaceum. * Achmnia omnia papposa. Flores y omnes steriles, stylo ss- pius indiviso vel vix brevissime bifido. 208. Antennaria. Capitula stricte dioica. Involueri bractes co-seriate, imbricatz, interiores ssepe radiantes. Pappi setae basi in annulum connate. Herb: csspitose vel laxiores, cau- libus ascendentibus vel erectis. Folia alterna, inferiora spa- thulata. Capitula confertim corymbosa vel rarius solitaria. 907. Leontopodium. Capitula unisexualia vel androgyna, mo- noica vel subdioica. Involueri bractes co-seriatze, imbricatee, interiores laminis parvis radiantes. Pappi sete basi in annu- lum connate. Herbs esspitose vel laxiores caulibus adscen- dentibus. Capitula in glomerulum vel cymam densam termi- nalem foliis floralibus involucratam aggregata. 908. Anaphalis. Capitula androgyna vel subdioiea. Involucri bractez laminis ssepius niveis radiantes. Pappi sets libers. Herbs erecte. Capitula corymbosa. * * Achsznia omnia papposa. Flores y plerique vel omnes fer- tiles, stylo bifido. 213. Phagnalon. Involuerum campanulatum vel ovoideum. Amntherze basi obtuse vel vix minute caudato-acuminatw. Pappi setose, non plumoss. Fruticuli vel suffrutices vel her- CONSPEOTUS GENERUM. ; ix be perennes. Capitula ad apices ramorum solitaria vel pauca glomerata. 215. Gmnaphalium. Capitula multiflora, floribus $ 2-co- seriatis Involucrum varium, bracteis sepe coloratis raro radiantibus. Pajppi sete non plumosse, liberze vel basi in annulum conna- tw. Herbs rarius suffrutices. Capitula ample corymbosa vel sessilia solitariaque vel aggretata. Series 2. Helichryseze. Capitula nune androgyna dolbus 2 quam 9 paucioribus nune homogama floribus omnibus 9, solitaria corymbosa vel conferta nec in receptaculo communi glomerata. Ínvolucri bractez scariose vel laminis petaloideis ' radiantes vel rarius lineares subherbacee vel membranaces. Receptaculum nudum vel rarius paleaceum. 990. Helichrysum. Involucri bractee vel earum laminze colo- rate vel petaloidese, appresse laxse vel radiantes. Achsnia erostria. Pappi setze leves scabrse barbellate vel apicem ver- sus plumos:e, sepissime l-seriate. Capitula pauci-vel multi- flora. Flores omnes vel plurimi fertiles. Subtribus 4. Angianthec. Capitula discoidea, homogama, parva, uni-pauci-vel rarius multi-flora, in receptaculo communi ses- silia vel stipitata, sepius numerosa, in glomerulum capitul- formem involucro generali cinctum vel nudum aggregata. Flores omnes 3 fertiles vel rarius pauci steriles. 249. Ossulia. Capitula 1-Hora 2-bracteata, receptaculo com- muni lato imposita, involucro communi foliaceo. Pappus Q. Herba glabra, foliis denticulatis. Glomerul axillares, sessiles. Subtribus 5. Ewinulec. Capitula heterogama radiata vel rarius subdisciformia vel radio deficiente homogama. Flores omnes fertiles vel discirarissime steriles. Receptaculum epaleaceum. Styli lorum 9 rami lineares, superne sepe latiores, apice rotundati. * Pappi set: conformes, parum insequales. 275. Inula. Capitula heterogama. Involuen inim co-seri- atze anguste vel foliaceze vel herbaceo-appendiculatee. Achzenia, 4-5 (rarius 8-10 ?)-costata vel ecostata. Pappi sete parum insquales. Herbs vel rarius frutices. * * Pappus exterior e setis brevibus vel sepius e paleolis con- stans. (In Vicoa interdum deest.) 287. Vicoa. Capitula heterogama vel homogama. Involucri x CONSPECTUS GENERUM, sepius lati bracteze co-seriatre anguste. Achsmia parva, vix costata. Pappi sete l-seriatze tenuissimse, paleolis paucis mi- nimis rarius intermixtis. Herbs. 989. Pulicaria. Capitula heterogama, ligulis 1-2-seriatis flavis. Involucri lati bractese pauci-seriats, anguste, exterioribus herbaceis. Achsnia levia vel costata. Pappi interioris sets l-seriate, exterioris palez brevissimse, in coronam seu cupu- lam laceram plus minus concrete. *cx o Pappus OQ. 299. QCarpesium. Capitula heterogama, floribus $ tubulosis co-seriatis. Achsnia co-costata rostrata. Herbs. Tarsus V. Herm NTHOIDEZ. Capitula heterogama, radiata vel ra- rius disciformia, vel radio deficiente homogama. —Receptacu- lum paleaceum vel rarius in disco sub floribus sterilibus nu- dum. Anthers basi ecaudatze vel brevissime 2-mucronatee. Styli rami apice truncati vel appendiculati vel florum steri- lium stylus indivisus. Achsmnia 3-4-gona teretia vel sspius varie compressa, aristis 2-4 tenuibus vel subpaleaceis cum velabsque squamulis intermediis liberis vel basi conmatis coronata vel calva. Folia opposita velrarius alterna. Corolle disci sepissime flave, radii homo-chrome vel rarius hetero- chromg. | Subtribus 1. Lagascee. Capitula 1l-füora, in glomerulum sub- globosum aggregata, involucro proprio gamophyllo tubuloso 5-fido. 309. Lagascea. Herb: fruticesve villosi vel scabri. Folia op- posita vel superiora alterna. Subtribus 9. Milleriee. Capitula heterogama, parva, floribus 2 l-paucis fertilibus, 9 1-co stylo indiviso vel rarius 2-fido sterilibus. Receptaculum inter flores ? nudum vel rarius paleis paucis parvis onustum. Achsnia calva vel rarius annu- lo ciliato coronata vel 2-auriculata. 317. Adenocaulon. Ínvolucrum latum, apertum, bracteis ad 5 sub;qualibus. Flores ? 4-7, 9 totidem, corollis omnibus limbo campanulato. Herbs elats. Folia pleraque radicalia. Capitula laxe paniculata. Achsmnia et sepius inflorescentia tota glandulis stipitatis conspersa. Subtribus 3. Melampodiec. Capitula heterogama, floribus in ambitu $ fertilibus, disci $ stylo indiviso sterilibus. Recep- CONSPECTUS GENERUM. ; xi taculum paleis floreis disci subtendentibus vel amplectenti- bus onustum. 334. Ohrysogonum. Involuerum ovoideum vel campanulatum. Achsnia a dorso valde compressa, marginibus acutis vix alata, interdum carina interiore prominente subtriquetra, a bractea subtendente et à paleis disci libera, pappo minimo cyathiformi vel dentibus aristulisve 2 coronata vel subealva. Flores 9 ligulati, l-rarius 2-seriati. Herbs suffruticesve, foliis oppositis integris dissectisve. Capitula mediocria pedun- culata, vel parvula corymbosa. Subtribus 4. Ambrosiee. Capitula heterogama vel unisexualia, . .monoica. Receptaculum inter flores V paleis subsetosis scepius onustum. Flores $ apetali vel corolla parva tubulosa in- structi, fertiles ; 9 steriles, coroll limbo campanulato, an- theris contiguis liberis vel vix cohserentibus, appendicibus inflexo-mucronatis. Stylus indivisus. Achsenia calva. 349. Xanthium. Capitula unisexualia, superiora f spicata vel racemosa, involucro aperto, floribus co ; inferiora $ sessilia 2.flora, involueri bracteis interioribus in massam 2-locula- tam, 2-rostratam, aculeis numerosis glochidiatis armata. In- - voluera d' bracteis liberis l-seriatis. Subtribus 5. Verbesinec. Capitula nune heterogama radiata vel subdisciformia floribus radii 9 fertihbus vel stylo abortivo sterilibus (neutris) disci 9 fertilibus vel intimis rarissime sterilibus : nune radio deficiente homogama. Receptaculum paleaceum, paleis ssepius complicatis. Achenia omnia crassa vel radii triquetra, disci a latere compressa, calva vel pappo cyathiformi vel aristis 2-3-rigidis paleaceis setiformibusve cum vel absque squamellis intermediis coronata. * Involucri bractes interiores (seu paleze exteriores receptacu- li) membranace:, achsenia radii fertilia amplectentes vel in- volventes. Achsnia calva vel squamellis minutis coronata. 361. Siegesbeckia. Flores radii l-seriati, limbo parvo ligulato vel subeampanulato. Receptaculum parvum. Involucri brac- te; exteriores 5 anguste, glandulosse. Herbs, foliis Bppdsie tis. Capitula laxe subpaniculata. 364. Enhydra. Flores radi co- seriati, corolle limbo minimo. Receptaculum convexum vel eonicum. Involueri bractese exteriores 4, latsz, per paria opposite. Herbs paludose, foliis oppositis. Capitula ad axillas subsessilia. xi CONSPECTUS GENERUM. * * Involucri bractez interiores plans. Pales receptaculi an- gustissimse, sepius paues. Flores radii fertiles vel steriles. 366. Eclipta. Ligule parvse, sub-2-seriatz. Achsnia calva vel breviter 2-aristata. Herbs folis oppositis. * * * Involucri bractee interiores plans. ^Receptaculi pales - concavze vel complicate, flores disci plus minus amplectentes vel involventes. Flores radii fertiles vel steriles vel Q9. Achz- nia calva vel rarius squamellis parvis vel ciliis coronata. 976. Sclerocarpus. Receptaculi palez flores involventes post anthesin clauss, achsenia arcte includentes, et cum iis deci- due. Herbs, foliis oppositis vel superioribus alternis. Cajpi- tula multiflora pedunculata, floribus radii sterilibus. [Vide 391. Wedeli: species co achzeniis calvis.] * * * * Involueri bractez interiores plane. ^ Receptaculi pales concave vel complicate, flores disci plus minus amplec- tentes. Flores radii fertiles steriles vel 9. Pappus nunc e squamellis vel aristis (sepius brevibus) basi in cyathum seu annulum supra achanium constrictum connatis, nune e squa- mellis solis liberis vel in eupulam connatis constans. Achse- nia exalata, compressa vel 4-5-angulata. 390. Blainvillea. Flores radii fertiles, laminis parvis. Pappi disci aristee 2-5 persistentes, basiin cyathum sen annulum supra achzmnium constrictum vel vix prominulum connatz. Herbz, folis oppositis vel superioribus alternis. Capitula parvula, pedunculata vel subsessilia. 391. Wedelia. Florés radii fertiles, laminis conspicuis patenti- bus. Pappi disci squamelle cilizeve co velaristze: 1-2 breves, caduez, basi in cyathum sen annulum supra achsenium con- strictum connate, nunc minim: vel obsolete. 'Herbzm, foliis oppositis. Capitula peduneulata. ** *3** Involueri bractee — interiores planz. —Receptaculi pales concave vel complicate, flores disci plus minus am- plectentes. Flores radii fertiles vel Q0. Pappus ex aristis 2-3 tenuissime setiformibus vel 9. 410. Spilanthes. Capitula multiflora, radiata vel discoidea. Styli rami truncati, exappendiculati. Achsnia parvula seepis- sime ciliata, disci a latere compressa, (radii interdum a dorso compressa vel triquetra) marginibus attenuatis ciliatis vel alatis. Herbse, foliis oppositis. Capitula peduneulata, demum ovoideo-conica, floribus parvis. CONSPECTUS GENERUM. xiii Subtribus 6. Coreopside. Capitula nunc heterogama radiata, floribus radi € fertihbus vel stylo abortivo sterilibus (neu- tris) disci 9 fertilibus vel intimis rarius sterilibus : numo ra- dio deficiente homogama. Receptaculum paleaceum, paleis planis vel vix concavis. Áchzenia plus minus a dorso com- pressa, 2-(rarius 9-4) aristata vel calva. * Involueri bractez distincte, parum inequales, exteriores her- bacez, interiores paleis subconformes. 416. Guizotia. Flores radii fertiles. Achznia parva, subtetra- cona, ealva, apice corolle basi dense pilosa obtecta. Herbz, foliis oppositis vel superioribus alternis. Capitula mediocria , vel parvula, pedunculata. 417. Synedrella. Flores radii fertiles. Achsenia subplana, alis laceris marginata, 2-3-aristata. Herbz, foliis oppositis. Capi- tula parvula, sessilia vel pedunculata. * * Involuerum duplex, bracteis interioribus membranaceis subsqualibus basi vel altius sepe connatis, exterioribus pau- cis parvis minimisve. a. Styli rami truneati penicillati vel appendicibus brevibus su- perati. 490. Glossocardia. Flores radii fertiles, seepius solitarn. Achse- nia angusta, plana, longe ciliata, aristis 2. rigidis levibus de- mum recurvis coronata. Herba annua, foliis alternis dissectis. Capitula parva, pedunculata. 498. Bidens. Flores radi steriles vel rarius fertiles vel OQ. In- volucri bractez: libere vel basi tantum connate. Styli lorum 9 rami appendice brevi acuta vel breviter subulata termina- ti. Àchsemnia erostria, aristis 2-4 rigidis deorsum barbellatis vel aculeolatis coronata. b. Styli rami in appendices longas hirtas desinentes. 430. Glossogyne. Flores radi fertiles. Herbs, foliis radicali- bus dissectis vel cuneato-tridentatis, caulinis paucis parvis. Cetera Bidentis. 492. Chrysanthellum. Flores radii fertiles. Achrenia calva, radii crassa, disci compressa, interiora spe alata. Herbz annus, ramosissimze, humiles, folis alternis dissectis. Capi- tula parva, pedunculata. . Subtribus 7. Galinsogem. Capitula nunc heterogama radiata, floribus radii ? discique 9 ferühibus vel rarius radii neutris, xiv CONSPECTUS GENERUM. nunc radio deficiente homogama. Receptaculum paleaceum. Achsnia angulata teretia vel exteriora a dorso compressa. Pappi palez co distincte, nunc scariose obtuse acuminate . aristateve, nunc aristiformes pectinato-plumosse, nune mi- nutze. 4339. Galinsoga. Capitula radiata. Involucri bractez 1-2-seria- te, subzquales. Pappi pale; integrz fimbriatz vel alterne vel omnes breviter aristate. Herbs annus, folis oppositis. Capitula parva, pedunculata. 438. 'Trdax Capitula radiata. Involucri ovoidei vel latiuseuli bractes 2-seriatte, ^membranaces velexteriores herbacez. Pappi pales plumoso-ciliats. Tarsus VI. HzLENIOIDEX. Capitula heterogama radiata vel rarius disciformia vel radio deficiente homogama. Receptaculum nudum. Antherz ecaudatz. Styli florum V rami àpice trun- cati vel appendiculati. Achsmnia angusta vel turbinata, 4-5- angulata vel 8-co-costata, paleis rarius aristis vel setis coro- nata rarius calva. Folia opposita vel alterna. Involueri brac- tes 1-2-seriate vel rarius 3-4-seriate, herbaces vel membra- naces. Corollz disci seepissime flavze, radii homochrom rarius heterochromz. Subtribus 4. "Tagetinee. Involucri bractes 1l-seriatz, squales, glandulis oleosis consperse, additis sepe nonnullis exteriori- bus parvis. Áchznia lineari-vel oblongo-cuneata, co-striata. Pappus paleaceus aristosus setosus vel rarius Q. Herbz sm- pissime glabrze. 496. "Tagetes. Capitula radiata vel rarius homogama. Involu- cri bractese alte connate. Styli lorum 9 rami tenues, nune truncati penicillati, nunc breviter appendiculati. Pappi paleze aristate 5-6. Herbze folus oppositis pinnatisectis vel serratis. Capitula majuscula pedunculata vel minora corymbosa. Tnisvs VIL. AwTHEMIDEX. Capitula heterogama radiata vel disci- formia, vel radio deficiente homogama. Involueri bractese 2-oo-seriats, sicca vel apice scariosse. Receptaculum palea- ceum vel nudum. Anthere ecaudate. Styli rami apice trun- cati. Pappus dum adsit coroniformis, rarius breviter palea- ceus. Folia ss;epissime alterna. Corolle disci flave, radii ho- mochroms vel heterochrom:e. [Excepta: Flores ? apetali in Cotule speciebus paucis. Pappus paleaceo-setosus in Allardia.] CONSPECTUS GENERUM. : xv À. Receptaculum paleaceum. Folia alterna. $16. Achillea. Capitula radiata, rarius homogamo-discoidea. Involucrum ovoideum campanulatum vel rarius hemisphzri- cum. Achsznia compressa, marginibus 2 angustis cincta. Herbe rarius suffrutices. Folia alterna. Capitula parva, co- rymbosa, rarius majora pauca. 519. Anthemis. Capitula radiata vel rarius homogamo- dis- coidea. Involucrum hemispharicum. Receptaculum conicum vel oblongum. Achzsnia 4-5-gona vel oo-costata. Herbs. Ca- pitula pedunculata. B. Receptaculum nudum vel alveolato-fimbrilliferum. * Capitula radiata vel rarius homogamo-discoidea. Involucri bractee latiuscule. 528. Allardia. Achszenia 5-angulata, setis paleolisve co-brevi- bus coronata. Cetera Ohrysanthemi. Herbze diffuse vel ceespi- toss. Capitula breviter pedunculata. 529. Chrysanthemum. Achznia equaliter vel irregulariter 5- 10-costata, calva vel pappo coroniformi vel auriculiformi vel rarissime paleolis co brevissimis coronata. Herbs rarius fru- tescentes. Capitula longe pedunculata vel (in sect. Gymno- cline) corymbosa. $30. Matriearia. Achsmnia facie interiore 9-5-costata, dorso » eeostata, calva vel pappo auriculiformi coronata. BRecepta- culum ssepius conicum vel oblongum. Herbs. (Corolle 2 in speciebus perpaucis fere Cotulearum.) * * Capitula heterogama disciformia vel rarissime floribus 9 deficientibus homogama. Involucri bractez 1-2-seriate. Her- bz ssepius humiles, annuc vel repentes (Cotulez.) 533. Cotula. Corolle florum $ breves conies vel 0, 9 4-den- tate tubo dilatato vel tenui. Herbae humiles. Capitula pedumn- culata. 535. Centipeda. Corolle florum 9 2-3-fide, florum 9 4-denta- te. Achsnia haud compressa. Capitula minima, secus ramos sessilia vel breviter racemosa. * * * Capitula heterogama disciformia vel floribus 2 deficienti- bus homogama. Involucri bracteg ssepissime co-seriate. Fru- tices suffrutices vel herb: erecte. Capitula corymbosa rarius solitaria. ('Tanacetes.) 948. "Tanacetum. Achenia 9-gona vel in ambitu 3-quetra, cal- xvi CONSPECTUS GENERUM. va vel rarius pappo cupuliformi vel auriculiformi coronata. Corolle florum 9 5-dentate. Herbze rarius basi suffrutes- centes, foliis sepius dissectis. Capitula parvula, corymbosa, rarissime majora longeque pedunculata. * 3 * * Capitula disciformia vel discoidea, racemosa. Involucri bractes pauciseriatz. 551. Artemisia. Achsenia subteretia vel compressa, 2-costata, ecostata vel tenuiter co-costata. Herbs suffruticesve sepius canescentes, foliis integris dissectisve. Capitula parva, sepe pendula, racemosa vel paniculata nec corymbosa. Tarsus VIIL SxwECIONIDEX. Capitula heterogama radiata vel dis- ciformia, vel radio deficiente homogama. Involueri bractesm interiores l-seriate subzquales exterioribus parvis vel 0, vel rarius oo-seriatim imbricate. Receptaculum ssepius nudum. Antherse basi ecaudatz vel breviter 2-mucronate. Styli flo- rum ÜJ rami truncati vel appendiculati. Pappus ssepissime setosus. Folia sepius alterna. Corolle disci szpius flavse, radii homochrom: vel hetero-chroms. Subtribus 1lTussilaginee. Involucri bractez 1-2-seriate sub- zequales libere vel basi subeonnatee, additis interdum exterio- ribus brevioribus. Stylus florum 9 fere Eupatoriacearum vel Inuloidearum, ramis non truncatis. * Involueri bractezs erectz, l-seriate. 559. TTussilago. Capitula radiata. Stylus florum 9 indivisus. Herbs, foliis radicalibus cordato- orbiculatis, scapis 1-cephalis aphyllis. * * Involucri lati bractese 9.pauci-seriatee, exterioribus brevio- ribus. 562. Cremanthodium. Capitula radiata. Styli florum 9 rami complanati, obtusi. Herbre, foliis radicalibus nunc cordato- orbiculatis nune pinnatifidis. Capitula.in scapo aphyllo soli- taria, nutantia. Subtribus 9. REwsenecionem. lnvoluecri bractee 1-2-seriatse, sequales, liberze vel leviter cohzerentes demumque solutze, addi- tis stepe exterioribus parvis vel rarius gradatim increscenti- bus. Styli rami truncati vel obtusissimi, penicillati vel appen- dicibus hirtis terminati. * Involucri bractee membrangcezs vel herbacez, latee elongate vel acuminatze. CONSPECTUS GENERUM, xvii 565. Doronicum. Capitula radiata. Involucri lati bractec 2- seriatse, equales, herbacez, anguste, acuminate. heceptacu- lum hemisphsricum. Herbs, foliis alternis. Capitula majus- cula, longe pedunculata. * * Involucri bractec; anguste, stricte, sepius costatz vel cari- natz vel anomale. Capitula radiata vel homogama. Pappi sete non plumosse. [Excepta: Flores ? filiformes perpauci hinc inde adsunt in speciminibus perpaucis Senecionis et m una specie Gynursz.] 981. Gynura. Capitula homogama. Styli rami in appendices longas subulatas hirtellas desinentes. OCstera Senecionis. Herbe. 583. Emilia. Capitula homogama. Involucrum ecalyculatum. Styli rami in appendices longiuseulas vel breves desinentes. Csetera Senecionis. Herbe, corollis coccineis vel aurantiaceis. 984. Notonia. Capitula homogama. Styli florum 9 in appen- dicem ovatam desinentes. Ceetera Senecionis. Suffrutices carnosuli, glabri. Involucra cylindracea. 585. Senecio. Capitula radiata vel homogama. Involucrum latum vel angustum, bracteis angustis equalibus apice obtu- sis vel breviter acutatis, exterioribus. parvis vel O0, rarius subgradatim aecrescentibus. Styli florum V rami apice trun- cati vel rarius rotundati vel appendice parva superati. Achz- nia 5-l0-costata, glabra vel villosula. Herbs frutices vel rarius arbores, glabri pubescentes glandulosi villosi vel to- mento vel lana intertexta canescentes. Folia radicalia vel alterna. Oapitula terminalia, solitaria corymbosa vel race- mosa. 989. Othonnopsis. Involucri bractee paucze, oblongw, sub- sequales. Capitula heterogama, radiata vel disciformia, flori- bus 9 sterilibus, stylis tamen bifidis ramis truncatis penicil- latis. Achsmnia pubescentia vel villosa. Suffrutices glabri, folus alternis. Subtribus 4. Othonnec. Involucri bracteze 1-seriatze, basi vel ul- tra medium in cyathum connatze,exterioribus Q. Styli flo- rum 9 fertilium rami apice truncati, seepius penicillati. 990. Werneria. Omnia Senecionis, prazter involucrum. Her- bz humiles, montans. Capitula majuscula magnave, radiata vel discoidea, inter folia radicalia sessilia vel rarius Scapo evoluto pedunculata. xvii CONSPECTUS GENERUM. Tarsus IX. CALENDULACEX. Capitula radiata. lInvolueri bractes . h 1-2-seriate subsquales anguste. Receptaculum nudum, An- there, basi mucronato-subeaudate. Styliflorum 9 rami trun- cati vel florum sterilium stylus indivisus. Achsnia (sepe heteromorpha vel crassa) calva vel rarius lana coronata. Folia ssepissime alterna vel radicalia. 598. Calendula. Achzsnia incurva. Herbz, folus altermis. Taibus X. AmcrOTIDE. (Species Indice nullz.) Tarpus XI. CywaROrDEZX. Capitula tubuliflora. Involueri bractez multiseriate, imbricate, apice ssepe scarioso vel spinoso vel foliaceo-appendiculatz. Receptaculum sspe carnosum, dense setosum vel paleaceo-fimbriatum, rarius breviter alveolatum. Corollz limbus angustus profunde 5-fidus. Antherc caudate. Stylus subinteger vel ramis brevibus erectisve extus infra partem papillosam sspe hirsutus vel incrassatus. Achsnia sepius dura, pappo setoso paleaceo velrarius Q. Folia alter- na, ssepe spinosa. Subtribus Y Echinopsidec. Capitula 1-fora, in glomerulos capi- tuliformes aggregata. Achsnia areola recta affixa, sericeo- villosa. Pappus coroniformis vel breviter paleaceo-setosus. 621. Echinops. Capitulorum glomeruli globosi, involucri ceom- munis bracteis parvis capitulis exterioribus reflexis occlusis. Herbs carduaces, foliis involucrisque spinosis. Subtribus 29. Cardwinec. Acheenia areola recta vel vix oblique affixa, sepissime glabra. Pappi sete sepius co-seriats, dis- tinctz vel basi i annulum cum iis deciduum conmnatze, mar- gine achznii circa pappum plus minus prominulo vel rarius obsoleto. [Excepta : Pappus 1-serialis in speciebus nonnullis Saussures.] * Filamenta libera, glabra. Pappi sete segregatim caducissimse. 631. Arctium. Involucri bractez arista glochidiata appendi- culate. Pappus brevis, subpaleaceus. Herbs elatz, foliis am- plis inermibus subintegerrimis. 632. Cousinia. Involueri bractee spinescentes rarius subglo- chidiate. Pappus tenuiter setosus, rarius subpaleaceus vel 0. Herbs carduaces, foliis involucrisque spinescentibus, rarius subinermes. * * Filamenta papilloso-pilosa, libera. Pappi sete basi annulo cum iis deciduo inserta. 'CONSPECTUS GENERUM. ; xix 633. Carduus. Involucri bractes plerseque in spinam simph- cem vel rarius aristam brevem desimentes, intime sspe in-, ermes. Receptaculum setis rigidis achzmnio sepius longiori- bus dense obtectum. Pappi sete simplices vel brevissime barbellatee. Herbs, foliis plus minus spinosis vel spinoso- ciliatis. 634. Cnicus. Pappi sete» plumoss. Cetera Cardui. * * * Filamenta glabra, in vaginam connata. 637. Silybum. Involueri bractez in appendicem spinescentem basi late spinoso-marginatam desinentes. Receptaculum et pappus Cardui. Herba carduacea, folus spinosis supra albo- maculatis. Capitula magna, cernua. * * ** Filamenta glabra (excepto Goniocaulo) libera. Folia inermia. | a. Pappi setee sub-1-seriatim zequales, additis interdum exterio- ribus parvis tenuibus. 642. Saussurea. Pappi sete 1-seriatz, sequales, plumosee, addi- tis interdum exterioribus parvis tenuibus simplicibus. Herbs perennes. Capitula nunc angusta corymbosa, nunc latiora solitaria vel laxe paniculata, involucris inermibus. b. Pappi sets; vel palese co-seriatze, ab exterioribus ad interiores increscentes. 649. Goniocaulon. Papypi sete subpaleacee, haud longs. Fila- menta pilosa. Herba annua. Capitula angusta, subcorymbosa, involucro inermi. 644. Jurinea. Pappi setze rigidulz, scabrze barbellate vel plu- mosse. Filamenta glabra. Herbs habitu vario. Capitula nunc angusta corymbosa, nunc majuscula lata longe pedunculata vel in caule abbreviato solitaria, involucris inermibus, bracteis interdum aristatis vel lanceolato-appendiculatis. Subtribus 9. Centaurec. Achsnia areola obliqua vel laterali affixa, glabra vel rarius villosa. Pappi sete vel paleze angus- tee, co-seriatee, rarius 2-seriate. Excepta: Achsniorum areola basilaris vix obliqua in speciebus perpaueis Serratule et Centaures. . Pappus vel brevissimus vel 9 in speciebus paucis Tricholepidis et Centaures. * Involuera basi nuda (foliis floralibus vel bracteis exterioribus foliaceo-ampliatis nullis) exceptis perpaucis Centaureis. xx CONSPECTUS GENERUM. 648. Serratula. Involueri bractez acuth mucronate aristate vel in appendicem angustam acutam integram desinentes, nec spinescentes, nec abrupte appendieulatw. Filamenta glabra. Antherarum caudz brevissimse vel fere obsolete. JAchsnia glabra, subteretia vel obtusangula. Herb: perennes. Folia inermia. 649. "Tricholepis. Involucri bractese anguste, aristato-acumi- nate, integre, inappendiculate, inermes. Filamenta papilloso- pilosiuseula. Antherarum cauds longiuscule, lacers. Styli rami tenues. Achsmnia glabra, obtusangula vel compressa. Folia inermia. ] 651. Volutarella. Involucri bractez acute mucronatze vel aris- ta vel spina simplice terminate. Achznia obovoidesz, teretia, regulariter 10-15-costata, inter costas ssepe lacunosa. Herbs annuse, erectee vel divaricato-diffusz, foliis inermibus. 654. Centaurea. Involucri bractee varie appendiculate vel spinescentes, rarius coriacez muties vel breviter mucronatze inappendiculatz?eque. Achsnia compressa vel obtusangula, ecostata obtuse 4-5-costata vel rarius costis secundariis minus prominulis preedita. Herbs perennes biennes vel rarius annuz. * * Involucra folüs floralibus (vel bracteis extimis foliaceis) spinoso-dentatis cincta. , 656. Carthamus. Achznia compressa vel obtusangula. Pappus sepius paleaceus vel Q0. Herbze carduaces:e, foliis involucrisque spinosis, corollis colore vario nee czruleo. uibus XII. MurrsricEE. Capitula heterogama vel homogama cequaliflora vel radiatiformia. Involueri bractezg sspius co- seriatse, inermes vel rarius spinescentes. Receptaculum rarius paleaceum. Corolle bilabiate vel limbo profunde 5-fido. An- therz sspissime caudate. Styli rami (brevissimi vel elongati) apice rotundati vel truncati inappendiculati. Achznia varia, pappo setoso paleaceo velrarius Q. Folia radicalia vel alter- na, rarius opposita. Excepta : Corollarum ligula vel labium exterius 4-mera hine inde in Gerbera labio interiore integro vel deficiente : lobi omnes more Cichoriacearum in ligulam 5-meram juncti in Catamixide. [Corolla plus minus bilabiata in 180. Nanothamno 438 Tridace et 585 Senecionis speciebus paucis. ] CONSPECTUS GENERUM. ] xxi Subtribus 1. Gochnatiee. Capitula homogama sequaliflora, raris- sime heterogama disciformia. Corolle tubulosc, limbi laciniis angustis zqualibus omnibus liberis vel sub-bilabiatim conna- tis. Antherg longe caudate. Styli rami apiee rotundati rarius acutiusculi, nunc alte connati superne brevissime patentes, nune lineares erecti. Involuceri braetese co-seriatsee, mmbricate. * Styli rami brevissimi, conniventes vel subpatentes. Pappi sete simplices. 674. Leucomeris. Receptaculum nudum. JAchsnia oblonga, sericeo-villosa. Frutex arborescens, folis alternis integerri- mis amplis subtüs niveis. Capitula pauciflora, corymbosa. * * Styli rami lineares, longi vel rarius abbreviati, subcompla- nati, erecti, apice rotundati. Capitula multüflora, rarius invo- luero brevi pauciflora. Pappus plus minus paleaceus plumo- sus vel aristosus. 681, Dicoma. Achsmia dense villosa. Pappi pale; vel setze plumoss, copiose. Herbz fruticesve humiles ramosissimi, vel erecti rigidique, foliis alternis integris sinuatisve nunc molli- bus nune elongatis rigidisque. Capitula subséssilia vel rarius corymbosa. | 682. Hochstetteria. Achzenia dense villosa. Pappi pales 10, in setas barbellatas producte. Herba rigidula, ramosa, foliis alternis integris denticulatisve. Capitula solitaria, termi- nalia. i * * * Styli rami alte connati, apice brevissime liberi, conni- ventes vel patentes. Capitula pauciflora involucro oblongo. 684. Ainsliea. Pappisete plumoss. Herbs erecte, simplices vel parce ramosse, folus radicalibus amplis cordatis, caulinis sepius paucis parvis. Capitula secus caulem sessilia vel bre- viter pedunculata, demum ssepe nutantia. Subtribus 2. Gerberec.. Capitula homogama vel heterogama, radiatiformia vel rarius z:equaliflora. Corollee omnes 92-labiatse vel exteriores rarius omnes ligulate vel intermedise filiformes. Styli rami apice rotundati, sepius alte vel ad apicem connati, rarius breviter lineares erectique. Involucri bractes co-seria- tz rarissime 2-seriatz, imbricate. * Capitula pauciflora involucro oblongo, homogama. 688. Catamixis. Corolle omnes ligulate. Achsnia sericeo-vil- losa. Pappi setze sub-2-seriatee, simplices. Suffrutex baecha- roideus, folis alternis crenatis. Capitula parva corymbosa: xxii CONSPECTUS GENERUM. * * Capitula multiflora, vel rarius pauciflora. Herbze subacaules, foliis radicalibus, scapis l-cephalis aphyllhs. Peppi sete sim- plices vel barbellatze. 695. Gerbera. Involucrum turbinatum vel campanulatum. Corolla radii 1-2-seriatez, 2-labiate, lhigulis 8-4-nerviis. Achs- nia ssepius rostrata. Tisus XIII. CrcgogiíAcES. Capitula homogama sequaliflora vel subradiatiformia. Involucrum varium. Receptaculum epalea- ceum vel paleis deciduis instructum. Corolla oinnes ligula tee, apice truncate 5-dentate. Antherz basi ecaudatee vel breviter setifere. Styli rami tenues. Achrnia varia, pappo setóso pa- leaceo vel OQ. Folia radicalia vel alterna. Succus sepius lacteus. Subtribus 1. Hyoseridee. Herbs. Involucrum rarium. Achsnia apice truncata, pappo plus minus paleaceo vel paleolis parvis cum setis alternatis coronata vel calva. 717. Cichorium. Involucri bractez interiores 1-2-seriatz, erec- tee subszequales coriacee, demum eoncavse ; exteriores breves vel laxee vel Q. Receptaculum nudum vel pappi palez breves, numerose. Herbs, ramis rigidis vel spinescentibus. Capitula sessilia vel rigide pedunculata. Corollz esrulese. Subtribus 2. Lapsanec. Herbs annuse, folate. Involueri haud vel vix calyculati bractez subsquales. Achsnia apice obtusa vel rotundata, calva. 725. Lapsana. Involucrum glabrum. Receptaculum nudum. Achsenia oblonga, compressiuscula, multi-costata. Herbze gla- bra vel pilosule. Capitula parva, laxe panieulata. Corolle flava. Subtribus 3. Rhagadiolee. Herbs sepius annus, ramose, pauci- foliatse. Involueri haud vel breviter calyculati bractes sub- equales. Achenia apice attenuata vel rostrata, rarius rotun- data. 727. Kolpinia. Involucri bracteze vix demum aucte. Achrenia linearia elongata incurva, demum stellato-patentia, dorso mu- - rieata, aristis brevissimis stellato-patentibus coronata. Subtribus 4. Crepidec. Herba perennes vel annus, caule ssepius foliato rarius scapiformi, pilis nec stellatis nec ramosis. In- volueri bractese interiores 1-2-seriate, sequales, basi ssepe de- mum. carinato-inerassate, exteriores calyculiformes vel rarius CONSPECTUS GENERUM. ; xxili gradatim increscentes. Achsznis basi contracta vel rarius sequalia truncataque, apice rotundata attenuata rostrata vel sub disco pappifero constricta. Pappus setosus, setis simpli- cibus rarius plumosis, vel rarissime pappus 9. Excepta : Involueri bractez interiores post anthesin ssepius im- mutatze in Crepidiis (Catoniis et Youngiis) etin Pieride hiera- cioide. Pappus plumosus in Picride. 734. Picris. Receptaculum nudum. Achznia vix vel distincte nunc longe rostrata, transverse rugosa. Pappi sete plumosse, /35. Crepis. Receptaculum nudum. Achznia vix vel distincte , nune longe rostrata, costis co-levibus vel vix rugosis. Pappi setz simplices, persistentes velsigillatim caducz. 737. Pterotheca. Receptaculum paleis setiformibus instruc- tum. Achsnia 8-10-costata, basi apiceque attenuata. Pappus copiosus, basi annulatim deciduus. Folia radicalia. Scapus aphyllus, corymboso co-cephalus. Subtribus 5. Hieraciec. Herbs perennes vel rarius annus, caule foliato vel rarius scapiformi, indumento stellato vel intricato- lanato, cum vel absque pilis simplicibus, vel rarius glabrz. Involucri bractes interiores wquales, post anthesin immuta- tae, exteriores calyculiformes vel gradatim increscentes. Achze- nia basi contracta vel :qualia, apice truncata. Pappus co-seto- sus, haud plumosus. 738. Hieracium. Receptaculum nudum vel brevissime fimbril- liferum. Pappi sete rigidule, sepius persistentes, fragiles. Herbze perennes, indumento stellato vel longe lanato, sspe pilis glandulosis vel rigidis intermixto, rarius Q. Subtribus 6. Hypochcridece. -Herbe "perennes vel annus, foliis radicalibus, caule scapiformi monocephalo vel parum diviso aphyllo oligocephalo, glabre vel pilis simplicibus vel apice stellato-ramosis hispide. Involucri bractes.co-seriatim imbri- cate, exteriores gradatim increscentes vel rarius calyculi- formes post anthesin immutatze, interiores rarissime post an- thesin carinato-incrassate. Achsemnia basi plus minus con- tracta, apice contracta rostrata vel rarius iruncata. Pappi setz co, plumosse vel simplices. * Pappi seta plumosz. /42. Hypochzris. Receptaculum paleis membranaceis instruc- Xxiv CONSPECTUS GENERUM. tum. Achsnia glabra scabra vel ciliolata. Pappi sete plumo- sze, 10-co (rarissime 5) cum vel absque aliis brevibus simpli- cibus. * * Pappi setze simplices. 745. "Taraxacum. Involucri bractes exteriores calyculiformes. Receptaculum nudum. Achsnia rostrata,costis ssepius mu- ricatis. | Subtribus 7. Lactucec. Herbs rarius basi frutescentes, glabrse vel rarius pilis simplicibus hispidze, caule ramoso vel rarius scapiformi. Involueri bractez interiores sequales, post anthe- sin immutate vel rarius basi dilatatz, exteriores calyeculi- formes vel rarius gradatim increscentes. Àchznmnia ssepius basi plus minus contracta, apice attenuata vel rostrata, rarissime columnaria utrinque subtruncata. Pappi set; copiose sim- plices. Excepta : Folia omnia radicalia in speciebus perpaucis Lactucze et Microrrhynchi. £50. Lactuca. Achsmnia plus minus compressa, breviter vel longe rostrata, costis co (rarius in utraque facie subsolitariis) levibus. Pappi set: persistentes vel sigillatim caducz. Her- bz habitu vario, capitulis ssepius angustis erectis lateralibus terminalibusve, nune corymbosis vel in panicula laxa nutan- tibus. Corolls flavz vel ceerulese. /52. Prenanthes. Achsnia subteretia vel compressiuscula, ob- tuse 9-5-gona, vix vel haud. costata, apice squalia, erostria. Pappi sete sigillatim caducse vel subpersistentes. Herbs ss- pius elatz vel subscandentes. Capitula ssepius gracilia, nutan- tia, laxe paniculata, rarius in panicula racemüformi erecta. Corolle purpures violacez: vel albide nec flavze. 753. Picridium. Achenia oblonga, erostria, costis 4-5 elevatis iransverse rugoso-verrucosis, Pappi sete albse, molles, annu- latim deciduz. Herbs Sonchoides, involucro imbricato, brac-. teis exterioribus scarioso-marginatis fere Scorzonerze. 795. Sonchus. Achsnia plus minus compressa, erostria, 10-co- costata, costis laevibus vel rugosis. Pappi sete albze, molles, annulatim deciduz. Herbs rarius basi suffrutescentes. Invo- lucra post anthesin basi sepe inzrassato-dilatata. Corollm flavae. 756. Microrrhynchus. Achaznia colummaria, obtuse 4-5-costa-
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