CHOKING Airways of children are narrow compare to adults and the their chewable abilities till the age of 5 are not developed enough - there is a tendency to inhale food to the trachea and lungs instead of the esophagus and stomach. CHOKING • Choking is a leading cause of injury and death among children, especially those younger than 4 years of age. • The majority of choking related incidents are associated with food, coins and toys . • The most common cause of non fatal choking is food . CHOKING • At least 1 child dies from choking on food every 5 days in the USA and >12,000 children are taken to ER each year for food - choking injuries. • In Israel 7% of death cases between age 0 - 1 are due to choking . • Choking is the second reason for death at the age group of 0-9 years old . CHARACTERS OF FOOD THAT WILL INCREASE CHANCE OF CHOKING • Shape of the food: round food that will sit exactly at the entrance of the trachea and will block the airway. • Texture of the food: 1. Smooth and “slippery”, can slide easily to Trachea 2. Absorb water and bulge in the Trachea 3. Sticky, attach to the Trachea 4. Hard, difficult to chew, swallow it all. • Size of the food – too small/ too big. CHOKING Children, 1-5 years old often put objects in the mouth – explore the world. Small objects: marbles, beads, button batteries are just the right size to get stuck in child’s airway and cause choking CHOKING Thousands of babies are choking every year due to blockage of the Trachea. Not allowed : Nuts and seeds Popcorn Hard candies Hard not cooked vegetables- carrot Cylinder foods- cucumber, sausage , grape CHOKING • Popcorn – sharp ends, can absorb saliva and can get more puffy - stuck. • Hard Candy - smooth . • Lollypop – may disconcert from the stick . • Chewing gum - inhaled, sticky. • Balloon - non inflated or pieces of it may adhere to the Trachea wall . TIPS ON HELPING CHOKING CHILD • If can see the object try to remove it. • Don’t poke blindly or repeatedly with your fingers. Can make things worse by pushing the object further in and making it harder to remove. • If the child coughing loudly, encourage him to carry on coughing to bring up the object. DON’T LEAVE THE CHILD ALONE TIPS ON HELPING CHOKING CHILD • If the cough is not effective (silent or can’t breathe properly) SHOUT FOR HELP and decide if the child still conscious. • If STILL CONSCIOUS - use BACK BLOWS BACK BLOWS BABY UNDER 1 YEAR Sit down and lay your baby face down along your thigh, supporting their head with your hand. Give up to 5 sharp back blows with the heel of 1 hand in the middle of the back between the shoulder blades. BACK BLOWS Back FOR BABY blows over OVER 1 YEAR 1 year Lay a small child face down on your lap- if isn’t possible, support your child in a forward - leaning position and give 5 back blows from behind. Back CHEST blows THRUSTS over 1 year AND ABDOMINAL THRUSTS If back blows don’t relieve the choking and the baby is still conscious give chest thrusts to a baby under 1 year or abdominal thrusts to children over 1 year. This will create an artificial cough , increasing pressure in the chest and helping to dislodge the object. CHEST THRUSTS FOR BABIES UNDER 1 YEAR 1. Lay your baby face up along the length of your thighs. 2. Find the breastbone (Sternum) and place 2 fingers in the middle. 3. Give 5 sharp chest thrusts (pushes), compressing the chest by about a third. ABDOMINAL THRUSTS FOR CHILDREN OVER 1 YEAR 1. Stand or kneel behind your child. Place your arms under child’s arm and around upper abdomen. 2. Clench your fist and place it between the naval and ribs. ABDOMINAL THRUSTS FOR CHILDREN OVER 1 YEAR 3. Grasp this hand with your other hand and pull sharply inwards and upwards. 4. Repeat up to 5 times 5. Make sure you don’t apply pressure to the lower ribcage, as this cause damage . CHOKING INFANTS • Coughing • Support head • Making gurgling • Place child & arm on Noises knee • Crying • Give 3-5 back slaps • Gasping CHOKING INFANTS • Coughing • If not working, turn baby over • Making gurgling on same arm, noises support head • Crying • Press down centre w/ 2 fingers • Gasping • Give 5 chest thrusts CHOKING OLDER THAN 1 • Coughing • Stand/kneel behind • Making gurgling child noises • Wrap your arms around upper abdomen • Crying • Clench fist between • Gasping navel and ribs CHOKING CHOKING OLDER THAN 1 • Coughing • Grasp both your hands • Making gurgling and pull IN and UP noises • Repeat up to 5x • Crying • Avoid pressure on lower • Gasping ribs THANK YOU Connect with Raffles Like & follow Us on Medical at: Facebook: www.rafflesmedical.vn www.facebook.com/ rafflesmedicalVN
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