INTRODUCTION TO SURGERY Dr. Walid Al - Mekhlafi 2024 HISTORY HISTORY • Personal History • Chief complain • History of present illness • Past history • Family history • Socioeconomic history • Personal History • Name • Age • Sex • Occupation • Residency • Marital status • Special habits • Admission • History source • Chief complain • Patient own words • Duration • History of present illness • When was he/she well? • Analysis of complain • Associated symptoms • Constitutional symptoms • Complete the system • Review of other systems • Past History • Similar condition • Past medical history • Past surgical history • Blood transfusion • Drug or food allergy • Family History • Similar condition in the family • Consanguinity • Any medical diseases in the family • Socioeconomic History • Housing • Water and electricity supply • Animal contact YOU SHOULD REACH 70 % OF DIAGNOSIS OR AT LEAST SEVERAL DDX EXAMINATION • Before examining the patient, several issues should be considered: • Introduce yourself • Take permission • Wash your hands • Position the patient • Exposure of the patient • Privacy of the patient • General Examination • Local examination GENERAL EXAMINATION • Look of the patient • Consciousness and orientation • Colors • Vital signs • All the body examined except the complain site LOCAL EXAMINATION • Inspection • Palpation • Percussion • Ascultation YOU SHOULD REACH 85 % OF DIAGNOSIS OR AT LEAST LIMITED YOUR DDX • Your differential diagnosis is based on: • Anatomical site • Pathological disorders INVESTIGATIONS • LAB Investigations • Radiological Investigations RADIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS • Chest X - ray • Abdominal X - ray (KUB) • Abdominal Ultrasound • CT scans • Barium studies • MRI • ERCP