LIBRARY Brigham Young University IN» MEMORY OF George Fitzroy AMERICA'S RACE HERITAGE THE LANDING OF THE PILGRIMS America's Race Heritage A/ Ci C^ AN ACCOUNT OF THE DIFFUSION OF ANCESTRAL STOCKS IN THE UNITED STATES DURING THREE CENTURIES OF NATIONAL EXPAN- SION AND A DISCUSSION OF ITS SIGNIFICANCE CLINTON STODDARD BURR Illustrated NEW YORK THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY 1922 copyright^ 1922 By The National Historical Society Set Up and Printed from Type Published September, ig22 HAROLD B. LEE UBRARY BRIGHAM YOUMG UNiVERSiTY PROVO. UTAH TO MY WIFE AND TO MY MOTHER "Dear-bought and clear, a thousand year Our fathers' title runs'. Make we likewise their sacrifice, Defrauding not our sons." RUDYARD KIPLING. "They crossed the prairies as of old Their fathers crossed the sea, To make the West, as' they the East, The homestead of the free." JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER. "We primeval forests felling, We the rivers stemming, vexing we and piercing deep the mines within, We the surface broad surveying, we the virgin soil upheaving. Pioneers! O pioneers! "Colorado men are we. From the peaks gigantic, from the great Sierras and the high plateaus. From the mine and from the gully, from the hunt- ing trail we come. Pioneers! O pioneers! WALT WHITMAN. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE Foreword - i Introduction 19 I Traditional America - - - - - 31 II The "'Old'" Immigrant Stock (Early Period) 90 III The ""Old"^ Immigrant Stock (Modern Period) 100 IV The "New"" Immigrant Stock - - - - 113 V The Racial Factor - - - - - 129 VI The Colored Elements - - - - - 142 VII Assimilation and Heredity - - - - 168 VIII The Immigration Problem - - - - 177 IX The Exploiter and the Sentimentalist Refuted 184 X The Racial Aspect: Nordic America - - 306 XI The Racial Aspect : Foreign Relations and World Welfare 216 XII Conclusion 230 Notes - - 234 Appendix - - - - 316 Bibliography 325 Index --------^- 329 vu LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS The Landing of the Pilgrims Frontispiece Facing Page Signing the Compact in the Cabin of the ''Mayflower" 4 The Thirteen Colonies on the Atlantic Seaboard-Map 16 The Huguenots in the Carolinas 24 The Burning of Jamestown, Virginia, by Indians in 1622 32 Early Block House, A Defence Against the Indians 36 The First Church, Within a Stockade, at Middletown, Connecticut 36 Original American Territory Occupied by Nordic Colonists, and the Regions Into Which They Ex- panded — Map „ 40 Penn Giving the Constitution to Pennsylvania 46 The Wyoming Massacre 56 The Canestog.a Wagon 64 Map of Louisiana, 1880 68 Emigrant Train Bound for the Great West 72 Map of the Routes of the Pioneers 74 Pioneer Life in the West 80 The *'Forty-Niners'' 82 Indians Attacking An Emigrant Train 84 Monterey Mission, California 86 Type of Steamer Which Brought Over Many Early Immigrants 96 Castle Garden, New York City 104 The Far West Penetrated by the First Railroad 112 Crossing the Colorado Desert 120 Map of the Southern Highlands 136 Redskins of the Eastern Seaboard 142 Indians of the Plains ^ 144 George Washington — Of Unmixed English Ancestry...206 J. Fenimore Cooper — of Combined English and Swed- ish Descent 208 John Jay — Two-fifths French Huguenot and Three- fifths Dutch Ancestry 210 DeWitt Clinton— of Anglb-Irish a^nd Flem,ish Descent 214 FOREWORD The author of the following discourse is an average citizen of this Republic, who perceives that the American People are on the threshold of the greatest crisis in their history. This volume, then, is intended primarily as a study of the significant facts respecting the population of the nation. The time is ripe to co-ordinate the essen- tial data derived from a multitudinous variety of national records, for the edification of the present generation and those to come. Obviously such a survey as this may not avoid dis- sertations on such subjects as immigration, heredity, the birth rate and other problems inevitably linked with the study of mankind. But only th-e salient issues of these kindred topics shall be touched upon in this survey, in order to conform to the desires of those who are not in- clined to delve into scientific treatises or voluminous sta- tistics. A wide vista of fascinating fields of historical, anthro- pological and statistical research is open to those of us who would gain a deeper insight of the problem that faces the American people today and in the future. The writer feels that in imparting these views his motive is wholly a patriotic one, and he can only invoke the reader to peruse these lines in the same spirit. We all know how futile are learned discourses in appealing to the pre- occupied business, professional, trades or agricultural men of the nation. Yet it is just these influential ele- ments that can bring pressure to bear on our lawmakers 2 AMERICANS RACE HERITAGE to save the United States in its great crisis. The aver- age person can very quickly envisage the economic side of any question, for that concerns his pocketbook. But, unfortunately, many Americans are too busy, or to indif- ferent, to delve into what appears to be the dry complex- ities of anthropology and sociology. Yet these very sub- jects, dry perhaps in themselves, are the fountain of ideas that concern the heritage of millions of human beings yet unborn. Therefore, may a citizen be allowed to pre- sent to his countrymen, in plain, unembellished lang- uage, the cardinal views derived from the researches of present-day anthropologists, historians, economists, soci- ologists and biologists? 'Millions of years lie before the human race. With this stupendous thought, can we survey the events of today from the standpoint of money-lust or exploitation ? Or shall we rather regard the tasks of the present era as the forerunners of marvelous civilizations to come? After all, to the keen observer, nothing can be so in- teresting as people, whether viewed individually or col- lectively. It was Pope himself who originated the phrase that the ''proper study of mankind is man." So now in the twentieth century we find this same doc- trine formulated by a modern scientist, in the person of Dr. Karl Pearson (professor of eugenics of the Univer- sity of London and President of the anthropological sec- tion of the British Association for Advancement of Science), who said, upon the occasion of the opening session of the Association at Cardiff, "If the spirit of vio- lence be innate in man, if there be times when he not only sees red, but rejoices in it, then outbreaks of vio- lence will not cease till troglodyte mentality is bred out of man. That is why the question of troglodyte or hylo- batic ancestry is such a vital problem to the State/' In- cidentally Dr. Pearson paid high tribute to American