SEMESTER- I Scheme of Examination and Courses of Reading for B. A. ( Prog .) based on NEP SCHOOL OF OPEN LEARNING University of Delhi Syllabus Applicable for the students seeking admission to B. A .( Prog .) Course from 20 22 -202 3 onwards B.A. (PROGRAMME) SEMESTER-I MAJOR : Paper - I DSC - 1 (A/B) Choose any one Discipline/Subject/ Department given below:(This subject will be your major you have to choose another different paper from the same subject either from Paper-II or Paper-III) (i) Economics : Basic Mathematics for Economic Analysis (ii) Education : Education in Contemporary India (iii) English : Indian Classical Literature (iv) Hindi : Hindi Cinema Aur Uska Adhyayan (v) History : Ancient Societies (vi) Mathematics : Elements of Discrete Mathematics (vii) Political Science : Public Administration in India (viii) Sanskrit : Sanskrit Poetry (ix) Urdu : Study of Modern Poetry-I MINOR : Paper - II Discipline A 1 Choose another Minor Paper/Course from the same Department/Discipline/Subject that you have opted in paper-I as Major. (i) Economics : Introductory Microeconomics (ii) Education : Basic concepts and Ideas in Education (iii) English : Introduction to Literary Studies (iv) Hindi : Hindi Bhasha Aur Sahitya ka Itihas (v) History : History of India from earliest Times upto 300 CE (vi) Mathematics : Topics in Calculus (vii) Political Science : Introduction of Political Theory (viii) Sanskrit : Sanskrit Grammar (ix) Urdu : Study of Modern Prose and Poetry-I MINOR : Paper - I II Discipline B 1 Choose another Paper/Course from Subject/Department/Discipline other than opted in Paper I and II (i) Economics : Introductory Microeconomics (ii) Education : Basic concepts and Ideas in Education (iii) English : Introduction to Literary Studies (iv) Hindi : Hindi Bhasha Aur Sahitya ka Itihas (v) History : History of India from earliest Times upto 300 CE (vi) Mathematics : Topics in Calculus (vii) Political Science : Introduction of Political Theory (viii) Sanskrit : Sanskrit Grammar (ix) Urdu : Study of Modern Prose and Poetry-I GENERIC ELECTIVE (GE) (Any One) 1. English : English Fluency - I 2. Hindi : Hindi Bhasha Aur Sahitya-Ka Hindi Bhasha Aur Sahitya-Kha Hindi Bhasha Aur Sahitya-Ga 3. Sanskrit : Basic Sanskrit 4. Urdu : Study of Development of Urdu 5. Punjabi : Punjabi Bhasha Da Mudhla Padhar-1 ABILITY ENHANCEMENT COURSE (AEC) Environmental Science : Theory into Practice SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE (SEC) (Any One) 1. Commerce : Finance for Everyone 2. English : Communication in Everyday Life 3. Hindi : Rangmanch VALUE ADDITION COURSE (VAC) (Any One) 1. English : Reading Indian Fiction in English 2. Hindi : Bhartiya Bhakti Parampara Aur Manav Mulya 3. Political Science : Constitutional Values and Fundamental Duties 4. Sanskrit : Yoga : Philosophy and Practice Major Paper-I DSC-1 (A/B) 1. Economics: Basic Mathematics for Economic Analysis • Course Code : ECON021 • Course Abbreviation : BMEA • Credits : 4 • Duration (per week) : 4 hours (3 Lectures + 1 tutorial) • Course Objectives : The objective of this course is to train basic algebras that enables the study of economic theory at the undergraduate level, specifically the courses on microeconomics, macroeconomics, statistics and econometrics set out in this syllabus. In this course, particular economic models are not the ends, but the means for illustrating the method of apply- ing mathematical techniques to economic theory in general. It contains understanding of basic functions, relations, real number systems, set operations, linear algebras and matrix operations used in economics. • Course Learning Outcomes : The course equips the students with exposition of economic problems with formal pre- sentation algebraically and offers solution techniques to find equilibrium analysis. These tools are necessary for anyone seeking employment as an analyst in the corporate and policy framing world. • Content (Unit-wise): • Unit 1 : Economic Models Ingredients of mathematical models - variables, constants, parameters, equations, and identities; Real number system; Sets and functions; relations and their proper- ties; types of functions; functions of more than one variables; Limit, sequences and series: convergence, algebraic properties and applications; continuous functions: characterisation, properties with respect to various operations and applications; differentiable functions: characterisation, properties with respect to various operations and applications; second and higher order derivatives: properties and applications. Unit 2 : Equilibrium Analysis in Economics Meaning of equilibrium; partial market equilibrium - linear and non-linear models; General market equilibrium Unit 3 : Linear Models and Matrix Algebras and their Applications in Economics Matrix operations, Determinants and Cramer’s Rule and their applications • Suggested Readings : • Chiang, A and Wainwright, K. (2005). Fundamental methods of mathematical economics. Boston, Mass. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. 1 • Sydsaeter, K., Hammond, P. (2002). Mathematics for economic analysis . Pearson Educational. • Hoy, M., Livernois, J., McKenna, C., Rees, R., Stengos, T. (2001). Mathematics for Economics , Prentice-Hall India. • Course Assessment : Internal Assessment - 25, Final Examination - 75 2 2 Education: Education in Contemporary India (DSC Al) Credits: 4 MM: 100 (External: 75 Internal: 25) Course Objectives: The course aims to acquaint students with modern education in contemporary India. ft would familiarize them with key debates prevalent during the anti-colonial struggle and subsequent developments in post independent India. Education will be introduced within the f r amework of Constitutional principles and Rights - based approach. Learning Outcomes On completion of this course, learners are expected to: • Discuss the influence of colonialism on education and the changes that have unfolded. • Trace the modern education system in India and the expansion of women's education through the experiences of pioneering women. • Explain the alternatives posited by M.K. Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore to colonial education. • Discuss the Constitutional provisions relevant to education. • Exhibit an understanding of India's federal structure and democratic decision- making with reference to education. Unit 1: Colonialism and Modern Education (4 weeks) • Modern education in India; Impact of Colonialism on traditional systems of education; Emergence or modern school system and universities • Women and modern education: educational endeavors of Rokeya Sultana, Pandita Ramabai, Jyotiba and Savitribai Phule • Aims and purpose of colonial education and alternative visions with reference to Nai Taleem of Gandhi and My school of Tagore Unit 2: Going to school and college in India (4 weeks) • Education and Development with reference to Human Development Index, Gender Development Index. • Factors affecting access to different levels of education; the need for Right to Education. • Challenges and issues in development of education: regional disparities, gender, religious, class and caste based variations in education based on an introduction to reading of data Major Paper-I DSC-1 (A/B) 3 Unit 3: Constitution and Education (6 weeks) • Importance of Constitutional values and their relevance to education • Provisions in the Constitution relevant to education: Acts and Amendments; religious minority and linguistic minority Rights, Rights against discrimination, Right to equality, and Right to Education • Education and the role of Center and State: Union, State and Concurrent lists, Panchayati Raj and local bodies • Role of Judiciary, Legislature and Executive in education with specific. reference to RTE Act 2009 (21A) and other amendments. Suggested Projects/ Assignments: Any two • Review of Swami and Friends by RK Narayan with reference to education in colonial times. • Essay on Gandhi's ideas of education through handicrafts. • Review of Jyotirao Phule's Ghulamgiri with reference to education of the caste oppressed. • Reflective essays/ presentations on student's own schooling and educational experiences • Preparing educational status repo11s based on reading of data tables done in class for specific social groups. • Documenting educational testimonies of family members/migrant workers/ children living on the streets/ child workers/homeless people. • Case study of the Unnikrishnan Judgement 1993. • Essay on Ambedkar's idea of education for social transformation. Note: On the basis of the above, the teacher may design his/her own relevant assignments and projects. Readings Essential Readings • Constitution of India: Preamble, Provisions of the Constitution of India having a bearing on Education retrieved from http://www.education.nic.in/constitutional.aspand http://education.nic.in/ NatPol.asp • Ghosh S.C. (2009). The History of Education in Modern India (1757-2007) - Third Edition. Hyderabad: Orient Blackswan Private Limited.(Chapter I-Introduction) • Govinda, R and M, Bandyopadhyay.(2011). Access to Elementary Education: Analytical Overview (chapter I) in R, Govinda, Who Goes to School? Exploring Exclusion in Indian Education, New Delhi: OU P.(for Disparities and access to elementary education: Issues of Class, gender, caste, region, religion, disability) • Harriss, J. (2011). Education, Democracy and Development. In KN Panikkar and M Bhaskaran Nair (Eds.) Emerging Trends in Higher Education in India: Concepts and Practices. New Delhi: Pearson Education India. (pp3- I I )Retrieved from http://www.swaraj.org/shikshantar/tagore mvschool.html • Human Development Report retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/en/repo11s/ • Kumar, K.( 1991 ).Political Agenda of Education: A Study of Colonialist and Nationalist ideas. New Delhi, Sage Publications. Chapter I (Introduction: Dynamics of colonisation), Chapter 2 (Colonial Citizen as an Educational Ideal), 4 • Latest Selected Education Statistics, on MHRD website: http://www.education.nic.in • Buniyadi Shiksha, "The selected works of Gandhi".Vol. 6. The Voice of T r uth . Retrieved from http://www.mkgandhi.org/views edu/chap02.htm. • National Curriculum Framework (2005). New Delhi: NCERT. Chapter- I (for Constitutional values and the curriculum) • What is RTE: A Handbook for Teachers (2017). New Delhi: NCERT. Chapter I • Raina, V. (2006), 'Where do children go after class VIII?', Seminar Volume 563 Retrieved f r om http://www.indiaseminar.com • Tagore, R. (1933).My School. London: MacMillan retrieved f r om http://www.swaraj.org/shikshantar/tagore myschool.html • Chakravarti, U (2007), Pandita Rama Bai : A life and a Time. New Delhi: Critical Quest. • Zl'491i:1, 3f (2008). firm <FT 3f� 3th: �!??:f � '11.-icfl<-1 �cfilfl, m � m- firm 3lf{ '1,tj-s ffi cfi(0I , .-j4') R�Jl : !?� � ™!<R. Additional Readings • Deshpande, G.P.,2012, Selected Writings of Jotirao Phule, Leftward Book • Kumar, D., Bara, J., Khadria, N and Gayathri, R. (2013). Education in Colonial lndia: Historical insights. Delhi, Manohar Books. (Introduction) • Kumar, K. ( 1991 ). Political Agenda of Education: A Study of Colonialist and Nationalist ideas. New Delhi: Sage Publications. (Chapter 5-Pursuits of Equality, Chapter 7-Meanings of Progress) • Kumar, K. (2007). Education and Culture: India's quest for a Secular Policy,ln Kumar K and J Oesterheld (Eds.) Education and Social Change in South Asia, Hyderabad: Orient Longman. • Kumar, K. (2008) 'Anusuchit Jatiyon aur Janjatiyon ka Shaekshik Anubhav' In Suresh Chandra Shukla and Krishna Kumar (Eds.) Shiksha ka SamajshastriyeSandarbh. Delhi: Granthshipli (also available in English Sociological Perspectives in Education: A Reader) • Natarajan, S. (2011). A Gardener in the Wasteland: Jotiba Phule's Fight for Liberty. New Delhi: Navayana Publishing • Stalin, K. (2007). lndia Untouched. Drishti Media Collective (film). • Vyam. D B., Natarajan, S. A. and Vyam, S. (2011 ). Bhirnayana: E-rperi1!11ces of' Untouchability.New Delhi: Navayana Publishing Assessment Method Assessment will be formative in nature and will include student participation. Individual and group tasks and assignments will be given. Summative evaluation will be done through end semester examination. Key words Education, Contemporary India 5 Credit: 4 (3 Theory+1 Tutorial/Internal Assessment) Course objective: To offer students a foundational understanding of Indian classical literary tradition. The paper introduces students to a rich and diverse literature from two classical languages of India, Sanskrit and Tamil. Course outcome: Students will be able to gain knowledge of the aesthetic and cultural values that serve as the groundwork for later developments in Indian philosophical and social change. Course Content: UNIT I: 1. Vyasa. Selections from The Mahabharata, from The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa , trans. K. M. Ganguli (Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, 2012). a) ‘The Dicing’ and ‘Sequel to Dicing’, Book 2, Sabha Parva Section XLVI -LXXII b) ‘The Temptation of Karna’, Book 5, Udyog Parva, Section CXL -CXLVI. c) ‘Krishna’s Peace Proposal’, Book 5, Udyog Parva , Section LXXXIX-CXXXI UNIT II: 2. Kalidasa. Abhijnanasakuntalam, trans. Chandra Rajan, in Kalidasa: The Loom of Time. Penguin Classics, 1989, reprint 2000. UNIT III: 3. Ilango Atikal. ‘The Book of V anci’, Cilappatikaram. trans. R. Parthasarathy (Columbia University Press, 1993; Penguin Books India, 2004). SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. Bharata Muni. Selections from Natyasastra. (i) Chapter 6, ‘The Sentiments’; (ii) Chapter 20, ‘Ten Kinds of Play’; (iii) Chapter 35, ‘Characteristics of the Jester’, trans. Manomohan Ghosh, Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1951. pp105-17; 355-74; 548-50 3. English : Indian Classical Literature Major Paper-I DSC-1 (A/B) 6 2. Osho. Selections from Krishna: The Man and His Philosophy (i) Krishna is Complete and Whole (ii) Draupadi: A Rare Woman (iii) Action, Inaction and Non - Action (iv) Rituals, Fire and Knowledge , Delhi: Jaico Publishing House, 1991. 3. Kapoor, Kapil. Indian Knowledge System Vol. 1 New Delhi: D.K. Printworld Pvt. Ltd., 2005 pp 1 - 31 4. Gerow, Edwin , et al ‘Indian Poetics’ , The Literatures of India: An Introduction ed. Edward. C. Dimock et al, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974. p p 115 - 143 5. Venkatachalapathy, R. ‘Introduction’, Love Stands Alone: Selections from Tamil Sangam Poetry Delhi: Penguin Classics, 2013 pp XIII - XLI ; 25 ; 45 ; 70 ; 186 7 Course Objective (2-3) � ct � 3ITT � <TT �IC'il'r:111 � c.1�1cl§IRcb � fctcnitfcf � [%cf)" ffr,::rn ct �cf5Tff 31� � � -� ct ,ns<-111 -� � B w �- 61c;<:'iIcl cf)1" f1�$-I11 Course Learning Outcomes � qil � 1clgIRcb 3ITT � 1 C"l'1 i1., 1,�cfj � � wit 1 ffr,::rn <Tl �c.Bru- ct � � � ct '7'7� � l:f 3TT �- 61c;C'iIcl cf)1" �r= �r 'ZTc'f>1 1 I r �<Pl[ 1 � �m ct � Tf � 3ITT � -tt&TM r �c/Jl§-2 � ftR1TT : �'l-TcT 3ITT � r §<Pli;-3 -�if�ct)-� Major Paper-I DSC-1 (A/B) 4. Hindi : r �ijj/�-4 -;--r m ClCP� 3-iR ft-r.-f1=IT : z-j1W-R7� 3tl'( � '- rfc,-zj (z-i?.-4 : ��. � �, i:fl�) References 1. � futiTT cpT �ffii:51xi : l-Hlil$rl � 2. lfRliT, � ftRT-JT : � J1 !;!cN 'i½l� 3. ftA-,=n : q-)cYf, 311\ff 3ITT q-)cYf : fct,:n� '•-llxs1\J1 4. f6cfr Cf)T 1=!� � : cf5'6 ° 11!;1icbx '3"CTT't:ZTT<1 5. � Cf/I� � " &+I l(:>�I Cf)T l=f11�cri '-� '11'-:'c"<'-1 � : 1 ' rl{cJIJ.J7 Assessment Methods l(eywords ff1-;crli� �m 8 Course Objective: The course aims towards enabling students to have a broad understanding of various Ancient Civi-lizations with special focus on complexities in State Formation, society, economy, religion and cul-ture. An overview of the ecological impact on their emergence, craft and trade, emerging cultural patterns, art and architecture and religion will be discussed related to the Indian, Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Greek and Chinese Civilizations. Students will get to familiarize themselves with funda-mental concepts like ‘Bronze Age’, ‘Civilization’, ‘Culture’, ‘Urban Revolutio n’, and ‘State’. Vari-ous craft technology especially metal technology and debates around it will also be introduced to them. The course strives to generate interest in students to learn about metal technology and its con-tribution to the emergence and growth of Ancient Civilizations. Learning Outcomes: On successful completion of this course, students will be able to: ● Define and explain concepts like Urban Revolution, Bronze Age and Civilization. ● Discuss the debate around metal technology. ● Describe ecological and other reasons for emergence of the various civilizations. ● Understand social complexities of different civilizations. ● Explain trends in the economy of these civilizations. ● Gain an understanding of cultural patterns and religious developments. Course Content: UNIT I: Defining Civilization, Sources and Historiography, Urban Revolution and Bronze Age, De- bating Metal Technology UNIT II: Bronze Age Civilizations- India / China (Shang Dynasty) UNIT III: Bronze Age Civilizations- Mesopotamia (Sumerian and Akkadian Period)/Egypt (Old Kingdom) Ecological Context, Kingship and State, Social Pattern and Economy. Art, Religion and Culture UNIT IV: Bronze Age Civilizations- Minoan/ Mycenean,Ecological Context,Kingship and State, Social Pattern and Economy Art, Religion and Culture Essential Readings and Unit wise Teaching outcome: Unit I: This Unit will help students understand the concept of Civilization. The important milestones in the growth and spread of civilizations viz. urban revolution, Bronze Age and advent of metal technology will also be dealt with. (Teaching period: 2 Weeks approx.) ● Childe, G. (1950). “The Urban Revolution, “The Town Planning Review, Vol. 21, No. 1, April 1950, pp. 3-17. 5. History : Ancient Societies Major Paper-I DSC-1 (A/B) 9 ● Redman, C.L. (1978). The Rise of Civilisations. From Early Farmers to Urban Society in the Ancient Near East. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman, Chapter 2, 6, 7, pp. 16 - 49; 188 - 213; 214 - 243. ● Scarre, Christopher and Brian M. Fagan. (2008). Ancient Civilizations (3rd edn.), New Jer- sey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, pp. 3 - 12, and pp. 26 - 47. ● Whitehouse, R. (1977). The First Civilizations. Oxford: Phaidon, Chapters 1 and 9, pp 7 - 15 and 177 - 199. ● Childe, V.G. 1930. The Bronze Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ● Childe, V. Gordon.1957 ‘The Bronze Age’. Past and Present. 12 (November): 2 - 15 UNIT II: This unit will deal will the idea of civilizations and the evolution of complex societies associated with the Bronze Age Civilizations in India / China during the Shang Dynasty. As such it will delve into factors leading to the use of metallurgy, its function in socio - religious complex and political structures thereof. (Teaching period: 4 Weeks approx.): India: ● Allchin, B., and R. Allchin. (1997). Origins of a Civilization: The Prehi story and Early Archaeology of South Asia. New Delhi: Viking. (Chapters 6,7,8,9 & 10, pp. 113 - 222). ● Chakrabarti, D.K. (1999). India: An Archaeological History. Delhi: Oxford University Press. (Chapters V and VI. pp.151 - 261). ● Ratnagar, Shereen. (2001). Understanding Harappa: Civilization in the Greater Indus Valley. Delhi: Tulika, Pp. 6 - 42, 103 - 115, 122 - 152. ● Ratnagar, Shereen. Approaches to the Study of Ancient Technology. ● Ratnagar, Shereen. (2007). Makers and Shapers: Early Indian Technology in the Home, Vil- lage and Urban Workshop, Delhi, pp. 156, 196, 218 n. 12. ● Singh, Upinder. (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Delhi: Pearson Longman. (Chapter 4, pp. 132 - 181.) (Available in Hindi). ● Thaplyal, K. K. and Sankata Prasad Shukla. (2003). Sindhu Sabhyata ( त संधु सभ्यता ). Luck- now: Uttar Pradesh Hindi Sansthan. (In Hindi) PP. 25 - 107, 157 - 226, 262 - 276, 292 - 315, 354 - 363. ● China ● Chang, K.C. (1987). Shang Civilization. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, pp. 263 - 288. ● Feng, Li. (2013). Early China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1 - 111. ● Keightly, D.N. (1999). “The Shang. China’s First Historical Dynasty” in Michael Loewe and Edward L. Shaughnessey. (Ed.). The Cambridge History of Ancient China. From the origins of Civiliza- tion to 221 B.C. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. ● Thorp, R. L. (2006). China in the Early Bronze Age. Shang Civilization. Pennsylvania: Uni- versity of Penns ylvania Press. 10 Mesopotamia is considered to be the cradle of civilization and this unit will trace the evolution of complex societies, especially in relation to civilizational trait markers such as religion, urbanization, social stratification ranging from early farming in Zagros to mature urbanization in Southern Meso- potamia. The unit will also deal with Egypt that presented another model of civilizational develop- ment with the Pharaohic model of kingship, development of writing, distinct geography and monu- mental art and architecture. ● Nissen, H.J. (2003). The Early History of the Ancient Near East, 9000-2000 B.C. Oxford and Victoria: Blackwell. ● Redman, C.L. (1978). The Rise of Civilisations. From Early Farmers to Urban Society in the Ancient near East. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman, Chapters 8, pp. 244-322. ● Roux, Georges (1992). Ancrent Iraq, UK: Penguin, Chapters 1, 5, 6, 8, 9; pp. 1-16; pp. 66- 103; 122-160. ● Whitehouse, R. (1977). The First Civilizations, Oxford: Phaidon, Chapters 3, 4, 5, pp. 33- 115. ● Trigger, Bruce G. 2003. Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ● फाारूक ा , A. (2015). प्र ाच न और मध्य कााला न सामाात िाक सांरचनाएा और सांस्क ा त तराााा , त िाल्ल : मानक प्र काशन (Ch. 4) ● Egypt: ● Hawkes, J. (1973). “Egypt: the beginnings and the Old Kingdom” in The First Great Civili- sations: Life in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley and Egypt, New York: Knopf/RandomHouse. ● Trigger, B.G., B.J. Kemp, D. O’Connor and A.B. Lloyd. (1983). Ancient Egypt A Social History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Chapters 1 & 2, pp. 1-43. ● Silverman, D. P. (Ed.). (2003). Ancient Egypt. New York: Oxford University Press (Ed.) pp. 10 - 27. ● Warden, L. A. 2014. Pottery and Economy in the Old Kingdom. Leiden: Brill. ● Teeter, Emily. 2011. Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt. New York: Cambridge University Press. ● Wolinski, Arelene. 1987. ‘Egyptian Masks: The Priest and His Role’, Archaeology,40 (1): 22. ● Morenz, S. 1960. Egyptian Religion. (A. E. Keep, trans.) New York: Cornell University Press. ● फाारूक ा , A. (2015). प्र ाच न और मध्य कााला न सामाात िाक सांरचनाएा और सांस्क ा त तराााा , त िाल्ल : मानक प्र काशन (Ch. 5). UNIT IV: This unit will deal with another model of Bronze Age Civilizations in the Greek archipel- ago that has been termed Minoan/ Mycenean within their Ecological Context. It will look at the manner in which Kingship was intertwined with the evolution of State, Social Patterns and Economy. Further it will delve into Art, Religion and Culture especially in context of Greek mythology and pantheon. (Teaching Period: 4 Weeks) UNIT III: 11 ● M. I. Finley, The Ancient Greeks, 1963. ● M. I. Finley, Early Greece: The Bronze and Archaic Ages, 1970. ● Sarah Pomeroy, Godesses, whores, wives and Slaves, 1995 reprint, pp.16 - 31 ● Bridenthal and Koonz (Ed). Becoming Visible:Women in European History, 1977, pp.36 - 59. ● Renfrew, Colin. (1999). The Emergence of Civilisation. The Cyclades and the Aegean in the Third Millennium B.C. London: Methuen, 1972. ● Bintliff, John L. “Settlement and Territory.” In Companion Encyclopedia of Archaeology. Edited by Graeme Barker, Vol. 1. London: Routledge, 1999, pp. 505 – 545. ● फ ाारू क ा , A. (201 5 ). प्र ाच न औ र मध्य क ाा ल ा न साम ाा त िाक स ां र च ना ए ा औ र स ां स्क ा त तर ा ाा ा , त िाल्ल : मानक प्र काशन ( Ch. 6). ● Suggested Readings: ● Burns, Edward McNall, and Philip Lee Ralph. (1982). World Civilizations: Their History and Their Culture. Norton, New York. ● Fagan, Brian M. People of the Earth. (1977). Little, Brown. ● Farooqui, Amar. (2001). Early Social Formation, New Delhi. ● UNESCO Series: History of Mankind, Vols. I – III / or New ed. History of Humanity. ● Cambridge History of Africa, Vol I. CUP, Cambridge, 1975. ● Childe, Vere Gordon. (1946). What happened in history. Baltimore, MD. (Available in Hindi also). ● Roux, Georges. (1992). Ancient Iraq. Penguin. ● Childe, Vere Gordon. (1951). Social Evolution. London: Watts. ● Curtin, P. D. 1984. Cross - Cultural Trade in World History. Melbourne: CambridgeUniversity Press. ● Frankfort, Henri. 1978. Kingship and God: A Study of Ancient Near Eastern Religion as the integration of Society and Nature. Chicago: Chicago University Press. ● Bogucki, P. & Pam J. Crabtree, (2004). Ancient Europe (8000 B.C - A.D. 1000). An Ency- clopedia of the Barbarian World, Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York. Video Recommendations: ● How Ancient Chinese Bronzes were created: https:// www.youtube.com/watch ● Oracle Bone, Shang Dynasty: https:/ /www.youtub e .com/watch ● https://egyankosh.ac.in/handle/ 12 Assessment Methods: Continuous assessment process shall be adapted to measure their grasp on debates and discussions covered in the class. Two written assignments along with one presentation can be used for final grading of the students. Students will be assessed on their ability to engage with a sizeable corpus of readings assigned to the theme for written submissions, i. e. being able to explain important historical trends and tracing historiography reflected in the assigned readings. Internal Assessment: 25 Marks Written Exam: 75 Marks To- tal: 100 Marks Key Words: Civilization, historiography, sources, urban revolution, technology, bronze age, king- ship, religion, culture, ecological 13 Major Paper-I DSC-1 (A/B) 6. Mathematics : Elements of Discrete Mathematics Total Marks: 100 (Theory: 75, Internal Assessment: 25) Examination: 3 Hrs. Credits: 4 Course Objectives : Students are introduced to the important concept of order (or partial order) and related properties. The course includes the notion of a lattice which is also a step towards abstract algebra. Students are taught the concept of Boolean algebra and its applications to minimizing a Boolean polynomial and switching circuits, which has further applications in computer science. Course Learning Outcomes: This course will enable the students to: i) Understand the basic concepts of sets, relations, functions, and induction. ii) Understand mathematical logic and logical operations to various fields. iii) Understand the notion of order and maps between partially ordered sets. iv) Minimize a Boolean polynomial and apply Boolean algebra techniques to decode switching circuits. U nit 1 : Set s , Relations and Functions Sets, Propositions and logical operations, Conditional statements, Mathematical induction, Relations and equivalence relation, Equivalence classes, Partial order relation, Partially ordered set, Hasse diagrams, Chain, Maximal and minimal elements, least and greatest elements, Least upper bound, Greatest lower bound, Zorn’s lemma, Functions and bijective functions, Functions between POSETS, Order isomorphism. U nit 2 : Lattices Lattice as a POSET, Lattice as an algebra and their equivalence, Bounded lattices, Sublattices, Interval in a lattice, Products and homomorphism of lattices, Isomorphism of lattices; Distributive, Complemented, Partition and pentagonal lattices. U nit 3 : Boolean Algebra and Switching Circuits Boolean a lgebra, De Morgan’s laws, Boolean expressions, Truth tables, Logic diagrams, Boolean functions, Disjunctive normal forms (as join of meets), Minimal forms of Boolean polynomials, Quine Mc-Cluskey method, Karnaugh maps, Switching circuits, Applications of switching circuits. References: 1. Rudolf Lidl, & Gunter Pilz (2004). Applied Abstract Algebra (2nd ed.). Undergraduate text in Mathematics, Springer (SIE), Indian Reprint. 2. Bernard Kolman, Robert C. Busby, & Sharon Cutler Ross (2009). Discrete Mathematical Structures (6 th ed.). Pearson education Inc., Indian reprint. Additi onal Reading: i. Rosen, Kenneth H. (2017). Discrete Mathematics and its applications with combinatorics and Graph Theory (7th ed.). McGraw Hill Education. 14 7. Political Science : Public Administration in India Course Objective The paper seeks to provide an introduction to the different dimensions of public administration in India. It seeks to acquaint the student with an analytical and critical understanding of the institution of Indian bureaucracy, with issues of decentralization, financial management, public accountability, e-governance and some specific dimensions of citizens and social welfare policies. Course Learning Outcomes With this course, we expect that students will be able to: • Have a clear picture of the complex institutional structure of Indian administration at present • Understand the building blocks of local governance, in rural and urban areas • Explain the processes by which different budgeting systems work for this structure • Analyse the processes of implementation of different social welfare policies by the administrative institutions. Unit 1. Indian Administration a. Structure of the Civil Services: Evolution i. Colonial Legacy ii. Civil Service in the Constitutional Framework; appointment training, promotion iii. PMO, Cabinet Secretariat iv. Major Initiatives in Administrative Reforms Unit 2. Decentralization and Local Self Governance a. Meaning and Types: Rural and Urban b. PRIs and implementation of public policies Unit 3. Budget a. Concept of Budget and Budget Cycle in India b. Types of Budget: Line Budget, Performance Planning Budget, Zero Based Budget c. Budget making: role of the Finance Ministry Unit 4. Technology and Public Administration in India a. E-Governance: The Journey of E-Governance in India b. Models of E-Governance: Case-Study of Digital India Mission Major Paper-I DSC-1 (A/B) 15 Unit 5. Social Welfare Policies a. Education: Right to Education b. Health: National Health Mission c. Food: Right to Food Security d. Employment: MGNREGA Unit 6. Issues and Debates in Indian Administration a. Ethics in Administration: Integrity vs. Corruption b. Accountability: RTI, Lokpal, Citizens’ Charter c. Relationship between Political Executive and Permanent Executive d. Generalists and Specialists e. Gender sensitivity and gender participation Unit wise reading list Unit 1. Indian Administration Basic Readings K.S. Chalam, ‘Constitutional Status Of Civil Service In India’ in K.S. Chalam [ed.], Governance in South Asia: State of The Civil Services, Sage Publishers, 2014. Devesh Kapur and Pratap Bhanu Mehta, Public Institutions in India: Performance and Design, Oxford University Press, 2007. Second ARC Report, Report X, Personnel Administration and Scaling New Heights, 2005 [https://darpg.gov.in/sites/default/files/personnel_administration10.pdf] Swarup, Anil, Ethical Dilemmas of a Civil Servant, Unique Publishers, 2021 Second ARC Report, 2005, Report IV, Ethics in Governance, [https://darpg.gov.in/sites/default/files/ethics4.pdf] Bhure Lal, ‘Civil Service Values and Neutrality’in K.S. Chalam [ed.], Governance in South Asia: State of The Civil Services, Sage Publishers, 2014 Additional Readings Mathur, K. Recasting Public Administration in India: Reform, Rhetoric and Neo- liberalism New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2019. Chakrabarty, Bidyut and Mohit Bhattacharya, The Governance Discourse- A Reader, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2008 Gupta, Deepak, The Steel Frame: A History of the IAS, Roli Books, 2019. Caiden, Gerald E., 2009, Administrative Reforms, Aldine Transaction, Chicago, 2009. 16 N. Bhaskar. Rao, Good Governance: Delivering Corruption-Free Public Services, Sage Publishers, 2013. R. K. Sapru, Indian Administration: A Foundation of Governance, Sage, 2018. Unit 2. Decentralization and Local Self Governance Basic Readings Bardhan, Pranab and Dilip Mookherjee, ‘The Rise of Local Governments: An Overview’, in Pranab Bardhan,And Dilip Mookherjee [eds.] Decentralisation and Local Governance in Developing Countries: A Comparative Perspective, Oxford University Press, 2007 Amitabh Kundu, ‘Urban System in India: Trends, Economic Base, Governance, and a Perspective of Growth under Globalization’ in Waquar Ahmed, Amitabh Kundu, Richard Peet [eds.] , India's New Economic Policy: A Critical Analysis, Routledge, 2010. B.P. Syam Roy, Democratic Decentralization in West Bengal, in E. Venkatesu, Democratic Decentralisation in India: Experiences, Issues and Challenges, Routledge [South Asia Edition], 2016 Bhagidari Scheme in Delhi; Partnership Between Local Government and Non-State Agencies/Actors; https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/25833/1/Unit-10.pdf Jawed Alam Khan, ‘Issues in Devolution of Functions, Functionaries and Funds to PRIs: A Comparative Assessment of UP, Rajasthan and Kerala in 2016’, in E. Venkatesu, Democratic Decentralisation In India: Experiences, Issues And Challenges, Routledge, 2016 Lalita Chandrashekhar, ‘Caste, Party and Democratic Decentralisation in Karnataka’ in B.S. Baviskar and George Mathew [eds.] Inclusion and Exclusion in Local Governance: Field Studies from Rural India, Sage Publishers, 2009 Additional Readings Jayal, N.G., Amit Prakash and P.K.Sharma, Local Governance in India: Decentralization and Beyond, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006. Satyajit Singh, The Local in Governance: Politics, Decentralisation and Environment, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2016. Satyajit Singh and Pradeep K. Sharma [eds.] Decentralisation: Institutions and Politics in Rural India, Oxford University Press, 2007. D. A. Rondinelli and S. Cheema, Decentralisation and Development, Beverly Hills: Sage Publishers, 1983. Chandni Singh and Andaleeb Rehman, Urbanising the Rural: Reflections on India’s National Rurban Mission, Asia and Pacific Policy Studies, March 2018 Dreze, Jean and Amartya Sen, India: Development and Participation, Oxford University Press, New York, 2002 Mehra, Diya, What Has Urban Decentralization Meant: A Case Study of Delhi, Pacific Affairs, Volume 86, No. 4, December 2013 17