UMS [ Universal Me tric System ] This system establishes a universal, non - anthropocentric framework for measuring space, time, mass and energy , avoiding any bias es of human - based units such as meters, kilograms, or seconds. Instead, it derives units from fundamental physical constants that apply anywhere in the universe. The UMS is then applied to define a universal coordinates system (UCS) – to define locations within the local galactic group, as well as a universal timestamp system (UTS) ( universal “date s ” or “calendar” system ) . Given the spacetime properties over astronomical distances, UCS and UTS are combined as Event Tags to accurately convey spatiotemporal location. Why a Universal Measurement System (UMS) Is Necessary The universe operates by the same physical laws everywhere — but Earth - based units like meters, kilograms, and seconds are arbitrary. They are based on human scales, planetary properties, and historical circumstances , making them meaningless beyond Earth. For example, if humanity were to contact an alien civilization, in establishing an understanding of each other we may tell them that “the speed of light is 300,000 kilometres per second” – which would be useless, as they would then ask – "What is a kilometre? How long is a second?" The Universal Measurement System (UMS) solves this by building all units — of distance, time, mass, and temperature — from fundamental physical constants that are truly universal. Primarily, this UMS uses the 21 cm Hydrogen Line. The 21 cm Hydrogen Line Also known as the hydrogen hyperfine transition , t he 21 cm hydrogen line is a specific electromagnetic emission produced by neutral hydrogen atoms – the most abundant element in the universe. It occurs when the electron in a hydrogen atom flips its spin relative to the proton in the nucleus, transitioning from a higher - energy parallel state to a lower - energy antiparallel state. This spin - flip transition releases a photon with a wavelength frequency of 1.420405751 GHz in the radio spectrum – equal to 21.106 cm This transition, therefore, arises from the fundamental quantum mechanical properties of hydro gen: a universal constant, it occurs at a consistent frequency and serves as a natural universal reference point for measuring distance, time, and energy that is independent of any local (Earth - based) conditions Spatial Units ( LC_HI ) LC_HI (Light - Cycle of the 21 cm Hydrogen Line) • Definition: The distance light travels in one full oscillation of the 1.42 GHz hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen. • Value: 1 LC_HI ≈ 21.1 cm. Table 1 - Distance Scaling Using LC_HI Unit Value in LC_HI Approximate Human Equivalent 1 LC_HI 1 21.1 cm 1 0 LC_HI 1 0 LC_HI 211 cm (~2.1 m) 1 00 LC_HI 1 00 LC_HI ~21 m 1 K LC_HI 1,000 LC_HI ~211 m 10 K LC_HI 1 0 ,000 LC_HI 2.11 km 1 0 0 K LC_HI 1 00 ,000 LC_HI 21.1 km 1 M LC_HI 1,000,000 LC_HI ~211 km 1 0 M LC_HI 1 0 ,000,000 LC_HI ~ 2,110 km (~Earth's lower orbital region) 1 00 M LC_HI 1 00 ,000,000 LC_HI ~ 21,100 km (~Earth circumference scale) 1 G LC_HI 1,000,000,000 LC_HI ~ 211,000 km (~Earth to Moon scale) 1 0 G LC_HI 1 0 ,000,000,000 LC_HI ~ 2.11 million km (~ Sun’s diameter scale) 1 00 G LC_HI 1 00 ,000,000,000 LC_HI ~ 21.1 million km (~inner planet orbit scale) 1 T LC_HI 1,000,000,000,000 LC_HI ~211 million km (~1.4 A stronomical Units [AU]) 1 0 T LC_HI 1 0 ,000,000,000,000 LC_HI 2.11 billion km (~outer solar system) 1 00 T LC_HI 1 0 ¹⁴ LC_HI 21.1 billion km (~edge of heliosphere) 1 P LC_HI 1 0¹⁵ LC_HI 2.11 trillion km (~0.22 light - years; Oort Cloud scale) 10 P LC_HI 1 0¹⁶ LC_HI 21.1 trillion km (~2.2 light - years) 100 P LC_HI 1 0¹⁷ LC_HI 211 trillion km (~22.3 light - years) 1 E LC_HI 1 0¹⁸ LC_HI ~232 light - years Unit Value in LC_HI Approximate Human Equivalent 10 E LC_HI 1 0 ¹⁹ LC_HI ~2,320 light - years (inner Orion Arm scale) 100 E LC_HI 1 0 ²⁰ LC_HI ~23,200 light - years (Milky Way radius) 1 Z LC_HI 1 0 ²¹ LC_HI ~232,000 light - years (Milky Way + halo) 10 Z LC_HI 1 0 ²² LC_HI ~2.32 million light - years (Andromeda Galaxy distance) 100 Z LC_HI 1 0 ²³ LC_HI ~23.2 million light - years (Local Group span / Virgo cluster scale) Time Units ( LC_HI /c ) LC_HI /c (Light - Cycle Time Unit) • Definition: The time for one full oscillation of 1.42 GHz hydrogen radiation. • Value: 1 LC_HI / c ≈ 7.04 × 10 ⁻ ¹⁰ s. Table 2 - Time Scaling Using LC_HI /c Unit Value in LC_HI /c Approximate Human Equivalent 1 LC_HI /c 1 LC_HI /c 7.04 × 10 ⁻ ¹⁰ s (hydrogen transition time) 1 K LC_HI /c 1,000 LC_HI /c 7.04 × 10 ⁻ ⁷ s (microsecond scale) 1 M LC_HI /c 1,000,000 LC_HI /c 0.0007 s (millisecond scale) 1 G LC_HI /c 1,000,000,000 LC_HI /c 0.7 s (~human reaction time) 1 T LC_HI /c 1,000,000,000,000 LC_HI /c 11.7 min (~orbital time scales) 10 T LC_HI /c 1 0 ,000,000,000,000 LC_HI /c 117 .3 min ( 1.96 hrs) 100 T LC_HI /c 1 0 ,000,000,000,000 LC_HI /c 19.5 5 hrs 1 P LC_HI /c 10¹⁵ LC_HI / c 11.73 days 1 0 P LC_HI /c 10¹ ⁶ LC_HI / c 1 17.3 days (~16.8 weeks) 1 00 P LC_HI /c 10¹ ⁷ LC_HI / c 3.21 y ea rs 1 E LC_HI /c 10¹⁸ LC_HI / c 32 .1 years 1 0 E LC_HI /c 10¹ ⁹ LC_HI / c 32 1 years 1 00 E LC_HI /c 10 ²⁰ LC_HI / c 3,210 years 1 Z LC_HI /c 10²¹ LC_HI /c 32 ,100 years 1 0 Z LC_HI /c 10² ² LC_HI /c 321,000 years 1 00 Z LC_HI /c 10² ³ LC_HI /c 3.21 million years Example: Jack is 38 years old: meaning he is 11.84 x 1 00 P LC_HI /c old. Mass Scaling (Using Planck’s Constant and Gravitational Constant in LC_HI and LC_HI / c ) The LC_HI unit system provides a scalable framework for mass based on Planck’s mass. The Planck mass is chosen because it represents a universal mass scale based on fundamental constants, allowing for easy scaling across various masses in solar and planetary system s. Planck - Derived Mass Units in LC_HI • Planck's constant (h) and G (gravitational constant) were reformulated in terms of LC_HI and LC_HI /c to eliminate reliance on kg, meters, and seconds. Key Definitions: • 1 LC_HI = 21.1 cm (based on the 1.42 GHz hydrogen line frequency) • The LC_HI - based Planck mass offers an estimate for solar and planetary masses (e.g., the Sun's mass) without reliance on human - defined mass units like kilograms or tons. This allows the system to scale up or down naturally for galactic systems, without needing huma n - centric units. Formula for Mass Calculation: • LC_HI - based Planck Mass: Table 3.1 - Mass Scaling Using LC_HI - Based Planck Mass Mass Unit Approximate Mass in LC_HI Units Approximate Human Equivalent Planck Mass (m ₚ ) Defined using LC_HI , LC_HI /c , and G ~2.18 × 10 ⁻ ⁸ kg 1 M LC_HI Mass 1 million Planck masses ~22 kg (small animal) 1 G LC_HI Mass 1 billion Planck masses ~22,000 kg (truck scale) 1 T LC_HI Mass 1 trillion Planck masses ~22 million kg (small asteroid scale) Earth Mass (M ⊕ ) ~6 × 10³² LC_HI Mass Units 5.972 × 10²⁴ kg Solar Mass (M ☉ ) ~2 × 10³⁵ LC_HI Mass Units 1.989 10³⁰ kg Temperature Units ( Ht ) (Cold Hydrogen Mass) Connection to Hydrogen : The hydrogen atom, specifically the transition between its hyperfine energy states (21 cm), has been used as a natural standard for measurement across the universe. The 21 cm transition is a well - known feature of hydrogen, observed universally, and serves as a fundamental atomic property that can be used to set a baseline for various measurements, including temperature. Universal Relevance : Since hydrogen is abundant throughout the cosmos — whether in interstellar clouds , stars , or galaxies — using it as a reference point for temperature ensures that the temperature unit is applicable across all of space, from the coldest regions of space (like the Cosmic Microwave Background ) to the hottest regions (like the cores of stars). Cold Hydrogen as a Baseline : 1 Ht corresponds to the temperature at the hydrogen 21 cm transition , which is effectively near absolute zero. This provides a consistent reference temperature, making Ht a natural baseline that aligns well with the lowest energy state of hydrogen, commonly referred to as "cold hydrogen." Dimensional Consistency : Ht is a dimensionless unit based on the kinetic energy of hydrogen atoms in a cold state. Since temperature is directly related to the kinetic energy of particles, using hydrogen's properties allows us to maintain consistency with fundamental physical principles, without relying on arbitrary human - centered me asures like Kelvin or Celsius. How Ht Relates to Temperature : In the UMS, Ht can be used to express temperature directly based on the kinetic energy of hydrogen atoms, rather than using arbitrary temperature scales like Celsius or Kelvin. This ensures that temperature, as a measure of the motion of atoms and particles, remains con sistent across different environments in the universe. Formula for Temperature in Ht : Where: • E _ kinetic is the kinetic energy of cold hydrogen atoms. • kB is the Boltzmann constant Table 4 5 – Temperature Scaling Using Ht Temperature (T) Equivalent in Ht Description 0.068 K 1 Ht Hydrogen 21 cm transition (base unit) 2.73 K 40 Ht Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) 10 K 146 Ht Cold interstellar hydrogen clouds 300 K 4,400 Ht Room temperature 5778 K 85,000 Ht Sun’s surface temperature 10⁷ K 1.46 × 10⁹ Ht Solar core temperature 10¹⁰ K 1.46 × 10¹² Ht Early universe plasma UMS Barycentric Coordinate System ( UMS - BCS ) Galactic Coordinate s Using LC_HI - Based Distance Units T he UMS defines spatial location using three - dimensional barycentric coordinates, centered not on Earth, but on the barycentre of the Local Group of galaxies. This point lies roughly between the Milky Way and Andromeda — making it a cosmic - neutral origin su itable for interstellar positioning. • The Local Group Barycentric System (LGBS) serves as the origin for all galactic positions, positioning the Local Group's barycentre as (0, 0, 0) in this framework. This non - Earth - centric approach provides a universal origin for the coordinates of all celestial bodies in the Local Group, including our Milky Way and Andromeda. Coordinate Axes: • X - axis: Aligns with the motion of the Local Group’s barycenter (direction of motion relative to other galaxies). • Y - axis: Perpendicular to the X - axis, lying within the plane of the Local Group. • Z - axis: Normal to the Local Group plane (above/below the galactic plane). Coordinate Format UMS coordinates are written as: [X, Y, Z] in LC_HI or multiples (e.g. KLC_HI, GLC_HI) For large - scale galactic positioning, we can use: GLC_HI (10⁹ LC_HI) ≈ 2,110,000 km — about 5.5× the distance to the Moon Example: Earth’s Position in UMS - BCS Let’s say Earth is approximately located at: [ - 2.3, 1.1, 0.08] GLC_HI Interpretation: X = – 2.3 GLC_HI → 2.3 billion LC_HI to the left of the Local Group barycentre Y = 1.1 GLC_HI → 1.1 billion LC_HI "forward" Z = 0.08 GLC_HI → 80 million LC_HI "above" the barycentre This is a rough galactic - scale placement and doesn’t need precise accuracy like Earth - based GPS — just coarse galactic context UMS Date & Epoch System To enable a truly universal chronology, the Universal Measurement System (UMS) defines its temporal reference point not from any planetary calendar, but from a cosmologically observable event: the release of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). This moment — when the universe became transparent, and photons began traveling freely — is detectable by any civilization across space and time. It occurred approximately 13.799 billion Earth years ago, making it the most suitable epoch - zero for a calenda r meaningful on a cosmic scale. UMS Temporal Epoch • UMS Epoch (Time Zero): 0 ZLC_HI/c • Reference Event: CMB last scattering surface (~13.799 billion Earth years ago) • Base Time Unit: 1 ZLC_HI/c ≈ 32,100 Earth years Current Earth Time Context • Earth Year: 2025 CE • Time Since CMB: 13.799 billion years • Corresponding UMS Timestamp: ≈ 429,875 ZLC_HI/c UMS Timestamp Format UMS time values are expressed using a standard format: UMS - T:[<ZLC_HI/c>] Examples: • UMS - T:0 → the instant of the CMB release • UMS - T:429875 → present moment (~13.799 billion years after the CMB) UMS Spatiotemporal Event Tags UMS events are marked in four dimensions using the following format: UMS - Event:[T, X, Y, Z] Where: • T = timestamp in ZLC_HI/c • X, Y, Z = galactic position in GLC_HI Example: UMS - Event:[ 429875, – 2.3, 1.1, 0.08] Interpretation: • Time: 429,875 ZLC_HI/c since the CMB (present time) • Space: Located 2.3 GLC_HI left, 1.1 GLC_HI forward, and 0.08 GLC_HI above the Local Group barycentre Earth’s Current UMS Coordinates While Earth’s galactic location shifts slightly over time, a present - day approximation (relative to the Local Group barycentre) might be: UMS - Event: [429875, – 2.3, 1.1, 0.08]