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Great Journeys across the Pamir Mountains Brill’s Inner Asian Library Edited by Michael R. Drompp Devin DeWeese Mark C. Elliott Volume 37 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bial Professor Zhang Guangda Great Journeys across the Pamir Mountains A Festschrift in Honor of Zhang Guangda on his Eighty-Fifth Birthday Edited by Huaiyu Chen Xinjiang Rong LEIDEN | BOSTON Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Chen, Huaiyu, 1974– editor. | Rong, Xinjiang, 1960– editor. | Zhang, Guangda, 1931– honouree. Title: Great journeys across the Pamir Mountains : a festschrift in honor of Zhang Guangda on his eighty-fifth birthday / edited by Huaiyu Chen, Xinjiang Rong. Other titles: Festschrift in honor of Zhang Guangda on his eighty-fifth birthday Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2018] | Series: Brill’s inner Asian library ; volume 37 | Series: Gilson studies | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017057948 (print) | LCCN 2018016467 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004362253 (E-book) | ISBN 9789004362222 (hardback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Asia, Central—Civilization. | Silk Road—History. | Manuscripts—China. | Asia, Central—History. Classification: LCC DS329.4 (ebook) | LCC DS329.4 .G74 2018 (print) | DDC 958—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017057948 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1566-7162 isbn 978-90-04-36222-2 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-36225-3 (e-book) Copyright 2018 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Contents A Note from the Editors vii List of Illustrations viii Abbreviations ix List of Editors and Contributors xii A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda xiv 1 On the Word ṣau Found in the Kuchean Secular Documents 1 Ching Chao-jung 2 Dunhuang and Two Revolutions in the History of the Chinese Book 20 Jean-Pierre Drège 3 Two Fragments of Tocharian B laissez-passers Kept in the Berlin Collection 33 Ogihara Hirotoshi 4 Possible Adaptation of the Book of the Giants in the Manichaean Traité 46 Ma Xiaohe 5 The Rouran Qaghanate and the Western Regions during the Second Half of the Fifth Century based on a Chinese Document Newly Found in Turfan 59 Rong Xinjiang 6 A Sogdian Fragment from Niya 83 Nicholas Sims-Williams and Bi Bo 7 On the Chinese Name for the Syr Darya in Xuanzang’s Account of Western Regions 105 Takata Tokio 8 A New Study on Mouyu Qaghan’s Conversion to Manichaeism 111 Wang Xiaofu vi Contents 9 Beyond Deciphering: An Overview of Tocharian Studies over the Past Thirty Years 128 Xu Wenkan 10 Historical Background of the Sevrey Inscription in Mongolia 140 Yoshida Yutaka 11 “The Annals of the Noble Land Khotan”: A New Translation of a Chapter of rGya bod yig tshang chen mo 146 Zhu Lishuang 12 Kaniṣka in the Old Turkic Tradition 176 Peter Zieme Bibliography 187 Index 215 A Note from the Editors Professor Zhang is one of the most distinguished Chinese scholars who have witnessed the history of China in more than half a century. Papers gathered in this volume come from Professor Zhang Guangda’s students, friends, and col- leagues across the world in honor of his eighty-fifth birthday. Professor Zhang was born to an intellectual family in 1931 when China faced civil and interna- tional challenges. His father Zhang Xitong taught at Yenching University. He went to Yenching University and then Peking University for college education in 1949–1953. Along with numerous intellectuals, his intellectual life suffered a number of political campaigns since 1957. He endured incredible hardship and continued his study of history and various languages in turbulent 1960s and 1970s. After the Cultural Revolution, Professor Zhang enjoyed a normal intellectu- al life and started publishing a series of articles on Chinese and Central Asian history. He also worked with several leading Chinese scholars to train a new generation of Chinese scholars for the study of manuscripts from Dunhuang and Central Asia. Since then his publications have appeared in both domes- tic and international venues in Chinese, English, French, and Japanese. In ten years, he not only published a number of crucial contributions but also con- tributed to international collaborations between Chinese scholars and their international colleagues. In June, 1989 for his support of Chinese democracy movement, he had to leave Beijing for Paris. He has taught and trained numer- ous students at many academic institutions in France, the United States, Hong Kong and Taiwan. He was elected by the Société Asiatique as an honorary member in 1989. In 2003, he received honorary doctorate from École Pratique des Hautes Études in Paris. And in 2008, he was elected as an Academician of Academia Sinica in Taipei. For various reasons and difficulties, this volume has been delayed. We would like to extend our sincere apology to Professor Zhang Guangda and our con- tributors. We want to also extend our gratitude to our contributors for their im- mediate response to our invitation and their patience for waiting such a long time for the publication of this volume. Many individuals have contributed to the final completion of this volume. Paul Amato, Mike Ashby, Jenny Liu, and Clippard Seth have helped improve the style. Cynthia Col’s meticulous copy- editing is tremendously helpful. Patricia Radder from Brill has patiently and kindly helped us go through each step for producing this volume. We would like to thank them for their invaluable help. The editors List of Illustrations 1.1 Tocharian B fragment THT2852_seite1 2 1.2 Tocharian B fragment THT2692_seite1 7 3.1 Tocharian B fragment THT1555_seite1 35 3.2 Tocharian B fragment THT1586_seite1 35 5.1 Map for Rong Xinjiang’s paper 82 6.1 Paper pouch when found, courtesy of the Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology 84 6.2 Sogdian fragment, courtesy of the Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology 84 6.3 Floor plan of site 93A27 (N.XXXVII), Niya Report II (Chinese version), 69 88 9.1 A Japanese manuscript of Xuanzang’s biography in 1210 108 12.1 The joined fragments Ch/U 6090 + Ch/U 6859 182 Abbreviations AM Asia Major AOH Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae APAW Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften BEFEO Bulletin de l’École française d’Extrême-Orient BSOAS Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies BSOS Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies BT XIII P. Zieme, Buddhistische Stabreimdichtungen der Uiguren. Berlin 1985 (Berliner Turfantexte XIII) BT XX P. Zieme, Vimalakīrtinirdeśasūtra. Edition alttürkischer Übersetzungen nach Handschriftfragmenten von Berlin und Kyoto. Turnhout 2000 (Berliner Turfantexte XX) BT XXI J. Wilkens, Die drei Körper des Buddha (trikāya). Das dritte Kapitel der uigurischen Fassung des Goldglanz-Sūtras (Altun Yaruk Sudur). Turnhout 2001 (Berliner Turfantexte XXI) CAJ Central Asiatic Journal CEDTT Beijing daxue Zhongguo zhonggu shi yanjiu zhongxin 北京大學中國 中古史研究中心 ed. Dunhuang Tulufan wenxian yanjiu lunji 敦煌吐 魯番文獻研究論集 [Collected Essays on Dunhuang and Turfan Texts]. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju DMT Dictionary of Manichaean Texts. Turnhout: Brepols; NSW, Australia: Ancient History Documentary Research Centre, Macquarie University, c1998–<c2006> (Corpus fontium manichaeorum, Subsidia 2) vol. 1. Texts from the Roman Empire: Texts in Syriac, Greek, Coptic, and Latin / compiled by Sarah Clackson, Erica Hunter, and Samuel N. C. Lieu; in association with Mark Vermes—vol. 2. Texts from Iraq and Iran: Texts in Syriac, Arabic, Persian and Zoroastrian Middle Persian / edited by François de Blois and Nicholas Sims-Williams; compiled by François de Blois, Erica C. D. Hunter, Dieter Taillieu—vol. 3. Texts from Central Asia and China / edited by Nicholas Sims-Williams. pt. 1. Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian / by Desmond Durkin- Meisterernst—pt. 4. Dictionary of Manichaean Texts in Chinese / by Gunner B. Mikkelsen ECHC I–III Zhongguo dabaike quanshu zong bianji weiyuanhui Zhongguo lishi bi- anji weiyuanhui 中國大百科全書總編輯委員會《中國歷史》編輯委 員會 ed., Zhongguo dabaike quanshu. Zhongguo lishi I–III 中國大百科 全書·中國歷史 I–III. Beijing: ECPH, 1992 x Abbreviations ECSTW Tang Zhangru 唐長孺 ed., Zhongguo dabaike quanshu. Zhongguo lishi: Sui Tang Wudai shi 中國大百科全書·中國歷史·隋唐五代史. Beijing: ECPH, 1988 ED G. Clauson, An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972 ETŞ R. R. Arat, Eski Türk Şiiri. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1965 GOT M. Erdal, A Grammar of Old Turkic, Leiden/Boston 2004 HTON Ş. Tekin, Buddhistische Uigurica aus der Yüan-Zeit, Budapest 1980 IIJ Indo-Iranian Journal JA Journal asiatique JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JASB Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal JDTS Dunhuang Tulufan yanjiu 敦煌吐魯番研究 JIAAA Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology JRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society JTS Tang yanjiu 唐研究 KB Kutadgu Bilig Maitr.Hami I–IV Geng Shimin, H.-J. Klimkeit, Das Zusammentreffen mit Maitreya, Die ersten fünf Kapitel der Hami-Version der Maitrisimit, I–II, Wiesbaden, 1988 MRDTB Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko NIYA REPORT Zhongri gongtong Niya yiji xueshu diaocha baogaoshu 中日·日中共同 尼雅遺跡学術調査報告書. Vols. II–III, (Chinese and Japanese ver- sions), Kyoto: Bukkyō Daigaku Niya Iseki Gakujutsu Kenkyū Kikō; Xinjiang: Weiwuer Zizhiqu wen wu ju 維吾爾自治區文物局 SFF Sitanyin disanci Zhongya kaogu suohuo Hanwen wenxian ( fei fojing bufen) 斯坦因第三次中亞考古所獲漢文文獻(非佛經部份), edited by 沙知 Sha Zhi and 吳芳思 Wu Fangsi. Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2005 SH W. E. Soothill and L. Hodous, A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms, London, 1937 SPAW Sitzungsberichte der Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften StII Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik TCW Tulufan chutu wenshu 吐魯番出土文書 (4 vols.), edited by 中國文 物研究所 Zhongguo wenwu yanjiusuo, 新疆維吾爾自治區博物館 Xinjiang Weiwuer Zizhiqu bowuguan and 武漢大學歷史系 History Department of Wuhan University. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe, 1992–1996 Abbreviations xi TITUS Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien, Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection, digitized images and texts. See http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/tht.htm THT Catalogue numbers of the Tocharische Handschriften der Turfansammlung, see TITUS TTD Tunhuang and Turfan Documents Concerning Social and Economic History (4 vol. + supplement). Tokyo: Toyo Bunko, 1980–2001 UW Klaus Röhrborn, Uigurisches Wörterbuch: Sprachmaterial der vorislamisch- en türkischen Texte aus Zentralasien, Lief. 1–6, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1977–1998 ZDMG Zeitschriften der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft List of Editors and Contributors Bi Bo Associate Professor, Remin University of China, Beijing, China. Chen Huaiyu Associate Professor, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA. Ching Chao-jung Postdoctoral research fellow, Centre de recherche sur les civilisations de l’Asie orientale, UMR-8155, CNRS. Jean-Pierre Drège Directeur d’études, École pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, France. Ogihara Hirotoshi Associate Professor, The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University. Ma Xiaohe Chinese Librarian, Harvard-Yenching Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA. Nicholas Sims-Williams Research Professor, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, London, England. Rong Xinjiang Professor, Center for the Study of Ancient Chinese History, Peking University, Beijing, China. Takata Tokio Professor Emeritus, Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Wang Xiaofu Professor, Center for the Study of Ancient Chinese History, Peking University, Beijing, China. List of Editors and Contributors xiii Xu Wenkan Senior Editor Emeritus, Hanyu Da Cidian editorial offices, Shanghai, China. Yoshida Yutaka Professor, Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Zhu Lishuang Librarian, International Academy for China Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China. Peter Zieme Professor Emeritus, Berlin-Brandenburg Academy, Berlin, Germany. A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda Note: The articles marked with A, B, C, and D have been reprinted in following books. A Wenshu, dianji yu Xiyu shidi 文書、典籍與西域史地 [Manuscripts, Documents, and the History and Geography of the Western Regions]. B Wenben, tuxiang yu wenhua liuchuan 文本、圖像與文化流傳 [Texts, Iconographis and Cultural Transmission]. C Shijia, shixue yu xiandai xueshu 史家、史學與現代學術 [Historians, Historiography and Modern Humanities]. D Yutian shi congkao 于闐史叢考 [Collected Papers on the History of Khotan]. 1955 Co-trans. with Zhang Xitong 張錫彤. Yuanshi wenhua shigang 原始文化史綱, by M. O. Kosven. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe. 1956 Trans. Kaoguxue tonglun 考古學通論, by A. V. Artsikhovsky, chapters 11 & 12. Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 197–241. 1957 Co-trans. Lun Xihan shidai (gongyuan qian san shiji dao yi shiji) Zhongguo de shehui jingji zhidu 論西漢時代（公元前三世紀到一世紀）中國的社會經 濟制度, by L. I. Duman. Beijing: Gaodeng jiaoyu chubanshe. 1963 Trans. Falanxi neizhan 法蘭西內戰 (草稿、初稿、二稿及片斷), by Karl Marx. In: Zhonggong zhongyang Makesi Engesi Lienin Sidalin zhuzuo bianyiju 中共中央馬克思恩格斯列寧斯大林著作編譯局 compiled, Makesi Engesi quanji馬克思恩格斯全集, vol. 17. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 533–662. A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda xv Trans. “Gei Wei Yi Chasuliqi (Vera Ivanovna Zasulich) de fuxin caogao 給維·伊· 查蘇利奇的復信草稿 (初稿、二稿、三稿),” by Karl Marx. In: Makesi Engesi quanji, vol. 19. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 430–452. 1973 Trans. Sate Alabo 沙特阿拉伯 (Saudi Arabia), by N. I. Proshin. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe. 1978 Co-trans. with Xu Tingyun 徐庭雲. “Sha’e zhengfu Zhongya shi pianduan 沙俄征服中亞史片斷,” by A. Popov. In: Jilin shifan daxue lishixi fanyizu 吉林師範大學歷史系翻譯組 compiled, Eluosi diguozhuyi: cong Yifan dadi dao geming qian 俄羅斯帝國主義：從伊凡大帝到革命前. Beijing: Sanlian shudian, 425–504. “Sha’e qin Zang kaolüe 沙俄侵藏考略.” Zhongyang minzu xueyuan xuebao 中央民族學院學報, 1: 21–50. “Guanyu Mahemu Kashigeli (Maḥmūd al-Kashgharī) de Tuqueyu cihui (Diwān al-lugāt al-turk) yu jianyu cishu de yuanxing ditu 關於馬合木·喀什噶里的 《突厥語詞匯》與見於此書的圓形地圖.” Zhongyang minzu xueyuan xue- bao, 2: 29–42 + 1 plate inside back cover. (A: 46–66). “Cong ‘Pulisangqian’ qiao tanqi 從「普里桑乾」橋談起.” Renmin ribao 人民日報, Sep. 4: 6. 1979 “Ping Daiwei Maikenqi zhu Tashigan zhi shi: Mi Ge Qie’erniyayefu (1828–1898) jiangjun de shengping” 評戴维·麥肯齊著《塔什干之獅：米·格·切爾尼亞 耶夫(1828–1898)將軍的生平 [Review of Lion of Tashkent: The Career of General M. G. Cherniaev (1828–1898), by David MacKenzie], Zhong’e guanxi yanjiuhui tongxun 中俄關係研究會通訊, 3: 1–5. “Suiye cheng jindi kao 碎葉城今地考 [Where is Sūyāb, the Site of an Ancient City in Central Asia?].” Beijing daxue xuebao 北京大學學報, 5: 70–82. (A: 1–22). “Taiwansheng jinnian de Songshi yanjiu qingkuang 臺灣省近年的宋史研究 情況.” Zhongguoshi yanjiu dongtai 中國史研究動態, 10: 9–11. xvi A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda “Oumei jinnian yanjiu Songshi jiankuang 歐美近年研究宋史簡況.” Zhong­ guoshi yanjiu dongtai, 10: 12–16. “Fuhebo (Herbert Franke) zhuchi de ‘Jinshi jihua’ jinzhang qingkuang 福赫伯 主持的「金史計畫」進展情況.” Zhongguoshi yanjiu dongtai, 10: 32. “Guanyu Yuanren zhuanji suoyin de bianzuan qingkuang 關於元人傳記資料 索引的編纂情況.” Zhongguoshi yanjiu dongtai, 11: 33–34. “Guowai jinnian dui Dunhuang xieben de bianmu gongzuo 國外近年對敦煌寫 本的編目工作.” Zhongguoshi yanjiu dongtai, 12: 12–19. “Yibu zhide zhuyi de xinbian Mengguxue shumu 一部值得注意的新編蒙古 學書目.” Zhongguoshi yanjiu dongtai, 12: 33. Shahuang Eguo qinlüe kuozhang shi (shang) 沙皇俄國侵略擴張史 (上). Chapter 2. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 36–57. 1980 Shahuang Eguo qinlüe kuozhang shi (xia) 沙皇俄國侵略擴張史 (下). Chapters 18, 19 and 28. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 97–128, 129–150, 404–425. Co-authored with Chen Jiarong 陳佳榮. “Cong shijie dindaishi kan fanfengjian douzheng de changqixing he jianjuxing 從世界近代史看反封建鬥爭的長 期性和艱巨性.” Tantao 探討, Trial Issue 1: 56–64. Co-authored with Geng Shimin 耿世民. “Suolimi kao” 唆里迷考 [Where is Sulmida, the Site of an Ancient City in Xinjiang?], Lishi yanjiu 歷史研究, 2: 147–159. (A: 25–41). 1981 Co-authored with Zhang Xintong. “Shilun Eguo Dongfang xuejia Wa Fo Batuo’erde dui Menggushi de yanjiu jiqi Tuquesitan yishu 試論俄國東 方學家瓦 · 弗 · 巴托爾德對蒙古史的研究及其《突厥斯坦》一書 .” Minzu yanjiu tongxun 民族研究通訊 [Newsletter for Ethnic Research] 1981.2: 1–12. (C: 176–195). “Tangdai chanzong de chuanru Tubo jiqi youguan de Dunhuang wenshu 唐代 禪宗的傳入吐蕃及有關的敦煌文書.” In: Zhonghua shuju bianjibu 中華書 局編輯部 ed. Xuelin manlu 學林漫錄, 3. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 5: 36–58. (A: 242–262). A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda xvii 1982 “Tubo feiniaoshi yu Tubo yichuan zhidu: jianlun Dunhuang xingren buluo 吐蕃飛鳥使與吐蕃驛傳制度: 兼論敦煌行人部落 [mChi’i byi’u pha and the Postal System in Tibetan Empire with Reference to Nyan rna’s sde in Dunhuang].” In: CEDIT, 167–178. (A: 215–225). Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang 榮新江. “Guanyu Tangmo Songchu Yutianguo de guohao nianhao jiqi wangjia shixi wenti 關於唐末宋初于闐國的國號年 號及其王家世系問題.” In: CEDIT, 179–209. (D: 15–37). 1983 “Yanjiu Zhongya shidi de rumenshu he cankaoshu (shang, xia) 研究中亞史 地的入門書和參考書 (上，下).” Xinjiang daxue xuebao, 3: 76–88; and 4: 78–86. Co-authored with Huang Zhenhua 黃振華. “Sulian de Wusun kaogu qingkuang jianshu 蘇聯的烏孫考古情況簡述.” In: Wang Mingzhe 王明哲 and Wang Binghua 王炳華 ed. Wusun Yanjiu 烏孫研究. Urumqi: Xinjiang renmin chu- banshe, 185–200. Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Hetian, Duhuang faxian de zhonggu Yutian shiliao gaishu 和田、敦煌發現的中古于闐史料概述.” Xinjiang shehui kexue 新疆社會科學, 4: 78–88. (D: 1–14). 1984 “Chutu wenxian yu Musilin dili zhuzuo duiyu yanjiu Zhongya lishi dili de yiyi (shang, xia)” 出土文獻與穆斯林地理著作對於研究中亞歷史地理的意義 (上，下).” Xinjiang daxue xuebao, 1: 57–64; and 2: 55–63. “Jinnian Xifang xuezhe dui Zhongguo zhongshiji shijia dazu de yanjiu 近年 西方學者對中國中世紀世家大族的研究.” Zhongguoshi yanjiu dongtai, 12: 29–31. (C: 263–266). Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Les noms du royaume de Khotan: Les noms d’ère et la lignée royale de la fin des Tang au début des Song.” Contributions aux études de Touen-houang III, sous la direction de Michel Soymié. Paris: Ecole française d’Extrême-Orient, 23–46 + plates I–IV. Co-authored with Wang Xiaofu 王小甫. “Zhongya lishi yanjiu shumu jie- shao (zhiyi, zhi’er, zhisan) 中亞歷史研究書目介紹 (之一，之二，之三).” Zhongya yanjiu ziliao 中亞研究資料, 3: 70–73; 4: 76–81; and 1985, 1: 64–68. xviii A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda 1985 Collaborated with Ji Xianlin 季羡林 et al. Datang Xiyuji jiaozhu 大唐西域記校 注. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju. Collaborated with Ji Xianlin et al. Datang Xiyuji jinyi 大唐西域記今譯. Xi’an: Shaanxi renmin chubanshe. “Lun Sui Tang shiqi Zhongyuan yu Xiyu wenhua jiaoliu de jige wenti 論隋唐時 期中原與西域文化交流的幾個問題.” Beijing daxue xuebao, 4: 1–13. (B: 1–22). “Gudai Ouya de neilu jiaotong: jianlun shanmai, shamo, lüzhou dui dongxi wenhua jiaoliu de yingxiang 古代歐亞的內陸交通: 兼論山脈、沙漠、綠洲 對東西文化交流的影響.” In: Zhongguo shixuehui 中國史學會 ed. Di shiliu jie guoji lishi kexue dahui Zhongguo xuezhe lunwenji 第十六屆國際歷史科學 大會中國學者論文集. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 253–270. (B: 117–130). “Zhongguo shi 中國史.” In: Guojia jiaoyu weiyuanhui gaojiao yisi 國家教育委 員會高教一司 ed. Zhexue shehui kexue yanjiu xianzhuang he fazhan: gaox- iao “qiwu” keyan guihua zixun baogao 哲學社會科學研究現狀和發展: 高校 “七五” 科研規劃諮詢報告. Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe, 319–330. “Bijiao he duizhao: Xifang xuezhe yanjiu Zhongguo de changyong fangfa 比較 和對照: 西方學者研究中國的常用方法.” Wenshi zhishi 文史知識, 10: 86–92. “Zhenhai 鎮海 [Čingqai].” In: Han rulin 韓儒林 ed. Zhongguo dabaike quanshi. Zhongguo lishi: Yuanshi 中國大百科全書·中國歷史·元史. Beijing: Zhongguo dabaike quanshu chubanshe, 1985, pp. 157–158. Reprinted in Zhongguo dabaike quanshu. Zhongguo lishi III, 1521–1522. 1986 “Tangdai Liuhuzhou dengdi de Zhaowu jiuxing 唐代六胡州等地的昭武九姓.” Beijing daxue xuebao, 2: 71–82, 128. (B: 75–96). “Dangdai shixue yanjiu de qushi: canjia di shiliu jie guoji lishi kexue dahui de guanggan 當代史學研究的趨勢: 參加第十六屆國際歷史科學大會的觀感.” Beijing shehui kexue 北京社會科學, 2: 153–156. Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Dunhuang ‘ruixiangji’, ruixiangtu jiqi fany- ing de Yutian 敦煌 ‘瑞像記’、瑞像圖及其反映的于闐.” In: CEDTT, III, 69– 147 + plates 20–34. (D: 166–223). “Tangdai de Zhongwai wenhua huiju he Wanqing de Zhongxi wenhua chongtu 唐代的中外文化彙聚和晚清的中西文化衝突.” Zhongguo shehui kexue 中國 社會科學, 3: 37–51. (B: 97–116). Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Yutian fosi zhi 于闐佛寺志.” Shijie zongjiao yanjiu 世界宗教研究, 3: 140–149. (D: 224–239). A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda xix “Afulaxi’abu cheng 阿夫拉西阿卜城 [Afrasiab],” “Akebieximu chengzhi 阿克別 希姆城址 [Ak-Beshim] (A: 23–24),” “Ayi’ertamu chengzhi 阿伊爾塔姆城址 [Airtam],” “Ayihanumu chengzhi 阿伊哈努姆城址 [Ai-Khanum],” “Annuo wenhua 安諾文化 [Anau Culture],” “Balaleike chengbao yizhi 巴拉雷克城 堡遺址 [Balalyk-Tepe],” “Balihei chengzhi 巴里黑城址 [Balkh],” “Bamiyang Fojiao yiji 巴米揚佛教遺跡 [Buddhist Ruins in Bamiyan],” “Beigelamu chengzhi 貝格拉姆城址 [Begram],” “Boxihe伯希和 [Paul Pelliot, 1878– 1945],” “Buhala gucheng 布哈拉古城 [Bukhara],” “Fengdujisitan Fosi yizhi 豐杜基斯坦佛寺遺址 [Buddhist Ruins in Fondukistan],” “Hada Fosi yizhi 哈達佛寺遺址 [Buddhist Ruins in Haḍḍa],” “Ha’erqiayang chengzhi 哈爾 恰揚城址 [Khalchayan],” “Ke’erjiemina’er wenhua 克爾捷米納爾文化 [Kelteminar Culture],” “Lekeke 勒科克 [Albert von Le Coq, 1860–1930],” “Mulu chengzhi 木鹿城址 [Merv],” “Namazijia IV–VI qi wenhua 納馬茲加 IV–VI 期文化 [Namazqa IV–VI Culture],” “Nisa chengzhi 尼薩城址 [Nisa],” “Pianzhikente chengzhi 片治肯特城址 [Pyanjikent],” “Shaotuo’er Fosi yizhi 紹托爾佛寺遺址 [Buddhist Ruins in Shotor-Tepe],” “Shaotuolake Fosi yizhi 紹托拉克佛寺遺址 [Buddhist Ruins in Shotorak],” “Sitanyin 斯坦因 [Aurel Stein, 1862–1943],” “Siwen Heding 斯文赫定 [Sven A. Hedin, 1865–1952],” “Su’erhe keta’er yizhi 蘇爾赫科塔爾遺址 [Surkh Kotal Site],” “Tie’ermeizi chengzhi 鐵爾梅茲城址 [Termez],” “Tuopulakekala chengzhi 托普拉克卡 拉城址 [Tonpak-Kala],” “Walahesha chengzhi 瓦拉赫沙城址 [Varakhsha],” “Wuhushui jiaocang 烏滸水窖藏 [Oxus Treasure],” “Zhetong wenhua 哲通 文化 [Dzheytun Culture],” “Zhongya gudai he zhongshiji qianbi 中亞古代 和中世紀錢幣[Coins from Ancient and Medieval Central Asia],” “Zhongya tuzhong muqun 中亞土塚墓群 [Central Asian Barrows],” “Zhangya zhong- shiqi shidai wenhua 中亞中石器時代文化 [Mesolithic Cultures in Central Asia],” “Zhongya zhongshiji zaoqi Sute bihua 中亞中世紀早期粟特壁畫 [Sogdian Murals in Early Medieval Central Asia] (above with Chen Junmou 陳俊謀),” “Mugeshan chengbao yizhi 穆格山城堡遺址 [the Castle Ruins on Mount Mug] (with Wang Xiaofu).” In: Zhongguo dabaike quanshu chuban- she bianjibu 中國大百科全書出版社編輯部 ed. Zhongguo dabaike quanshu. Kaogu xue 中國大百科全書·考古學[Encyclopedia of China. Archaeology]. Beijing: Zhongguo dabaike quanshu chubanshe, 3, 3–4, 9, 9–10, 17–18, 28, 28, 28–29, 46, 53, 56, 125–126, 153, 153, 257, 268, 341, 343, 352, 364–365, 469, 469, 484, 485, 493–494, 527, 537, 538–539, 545–546, 647, 722–723, 724–725, 725, 725, 341–342. “Tujue 突厥 [Türk].” In: Zhongguo dabaike quanshu zong bianji weiyuanhui Minzu bianji weiyuanhui 中國大百科全書總編輯委員會《民族》編輯委 員會 ed. Zhongguo dabaike quanshu. Minzu 中國大百科全書·民族. Beijing: Zhongguo dabaike quanshu chubanshe, 424–426. xx A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda “Guishuang 貴霜 [Kushan].” In: Sun Yutang 孫毓棠 ed. Zhongguo dabaike quanshu. Zhongguo lishi: Qin Han shi 中國大百科全書·中國歷史·秦漢史 [Encyclopedia of China. History of China: History of Qin and Han]. Beijing: Zhongguo dabaike quanshu chubanshe, 53–54. Reprinted in Zhongguo dabaike quanshu. Zhongguo lishi I, 277. (A: 42–43). 1987 “Zhongguo chuantong wenhua zai Xifang: lüelun Xifang dui Zhongguo chuantong wenhua renshi de bianhua (shang, zhong, xia) 中國傳統文化在 西方: 略論西方對中國傳統文化認識的變化 (上，中，下).” Wenshi zhishi, 1: 65–7; 1987, 2: 109–113; 1987, 3: 84–90. Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Dunhuang wenshu P.3510 (Yutian wen) ‘Congde Taizi fayuanwen’ (ni) jiqi niandai 敦煌文書 P.3510 (于闐文)《從德 太子發願文(擬)》及其年代.” In: Dunhuang wenwu yanjiusuo 敦煌文物研 究所 ed. 1983 nian quanguo Dunhuang xueshu taolunhui wenji (shang) 1983 年全國敦煌學術討論會文集 文史·遺書編 (上). Lanzhou: Gansu renmin chubanshe, 163–175. (D: 38–47). “Haipo lai Tianfang, Silu tong Dashi: Zhongguo yu Alabo shijie de lishi lianxi de huigu 海舶來天方，絲路通大食: 中國與阿拉伯世界的歷史聯繫的回顧.” In: Zhou Yiliang 周一良 ed. Zhongwai wenhua jiaoliu shi中外文化交流史. Zhengzhou: Henan renmin chubanshe, 743–802. (B: 133–180). “Xiang Da xiansheng wenshi yanjiu de gongxian 向達先生文史研究的貢獻.” In: Huo Songlin 霍松林 and Fu Xuancong 傅璇琮 eds. Tangdai wenxue yan- jiu nianjian (1985) 唐代文學研究年鑒 (1985). Xi’an: Shaanxi renmin chuban- she, 470–482. (C: 196–205). Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Sur un manuscrit chinois découvert à Cira près de Khotan.” Cahiers d’Extrême-Asie 3: 77–92. Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Bali guoli tushuguan suocang Dunhuang Yutianyu xiejuan mulu chugao 巴黎國立圖書館所藏敦煌于闐語寫卷目錄 初稿.” In: CEDTT, IV: 90–127. (D: 118–148). 1988 “Ashina She’er 阿史那社爾,” “Pei Xingjian 裴行儉,” “Qibi Heli 契苾何力.” In: ECSTW, 111–112, 265–266, 270. “Bolü 勃律 [Gilgit] (with Rong Xinjiang) (A: 90–91),” “Dashi 大食 [Arabs] (B: 181–184),” “Fulin guo 拂菻國 (B: 131–132).” In: ECSTW, 118, 130–132, 159. Reprinted in ECHC I, 52, 144–145, 233–234. A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda xxi “Li Xun 李珣,” “Lianhuasheng 蓮花生 [Padmasambhava] (A: 265–266),” “Pei Ju 裴矩 (with Rong Xinjiang) (A: 86–87),” “Qisongdezang 棄松德贊 [Khri srong lde bstan] (A: 263–264),” “Sashanchao Bosi 薩珊朝波斯 [Sassanid Persia] (B: 69–71),” “Sute 粟特 [Sogdiana] (B: 66–68),” “Suitang Xiyu 隋唐西域 (A: 80–85),” “Tuhuoluo 吐火羅 [Tukhāristān] (A: 44–45).” In: ECSTW, 230, 230–231, 264–265, 269, 283–284, 327–328, 341–345, 390–391. Reprinted in ECHC II, 566, 573, 750, 766–767, 863–864, 1030, 1054–1056, 1165. “Wang Xuance 王玄策 (with Rong Xinjiang) (A: 88–89),” “Yijing 義淨,” “Zhaowu jiuxing 昭武九姓 (B: 72–74).” In: ECSTW, 400, 432, 445–446. Reprinted in ECHC III, 1200–1201, 1399, 1514. “Huihu 回鶻 [Uighur].” In: Deng Guangming 鄧廣銘 ed. Zhongguo dabaike quanshu. Zhongguo lishi: Liao Song Xixia, Jin shi 中國大百科全書·中國歷 史·遼宋西夏金史 [Encyclopedia of China. History of China: History of Liao, Song, Tangut and Juchen]. Beijing: Zhongguo dabaike quanshu chubanshe, 198–201. (A: 177–182). “Heihan wangchao 黑汗王朝 [Qara Khanids].” In: Deng Guangming ed., Zhongguo dabaike quanshu. Zhongguo lishi: Liao Song Xixia, Jin shi, 192–194. Reprinted in ECHC I, 364–365. (A: 67–70). Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “‘Tang Dali sannian sanyue dian Chengxian die ba” 《唐大曆三年三月典成銑牒》跋.” Xinjiang shehui kexue 新疆社會 科學, 1: 60–69. (D: 106–117). Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Guanyu Hetian chutu Yutian wenxian de ni- andai jiqi xiangguan wenti 關於和田出土于闐文獻的年代及其相關問題.” Tōyō gakuhō 東洋學報 69. 1/2: 59–86. (D: 48–69). “Tang mie Gaochangguo hou de Xizhou xingshi 唐滅高昌國後的西州形勢.” Tōyō bunka 東洋文化 68: 69–107. (A: 114–152). Co-authored with Wang Xiaofu. Tianya ruo bilin: Zhongwai wenhua jiaoliu shilüe 天涯若比鄰: 中外文化交流史略. Hong Kong: Zhonghua shuju. 1989 “Tangdai de li 唐代的吏.” Beijing daxue xuebao, 2: 1–10. Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Youguan Xizhou Huihu de yipian Dunhuang Hanwen wenxian: S.6551 jiangjingwen de lishixue yanjiu 有關西州回鶻的 一篇敦煌漢文文獻: S.6551 講經文的歷史學研究.” Beijing daxue xuebao 2: 24–36. (A: 153–176). Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Shanggu Yutian de Saizhong jumin 上古于 闐的塞種居民.” Xibei minzu yanjiu 西北民族研究, 1: 172–183. (D: 149–165). xxii A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Youguan Dunhuang chutu Yutian wenxian de niandai jiqi xiangguan wenti 關於敦煌出土于闐文獻的年代及其相關 問題.” In: Beijing daxue Zhongguo zhonggushi yanjiu zhongxin 北京大學中 國中古史研究中心 ed. Jinian Chen Yinque xiansheng danchen bainian xue- shu lunwenji 紀念陳寅恪先生誕辰百年學術論文集. Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe, 284–306. (D: 70–105). Co-authored with Wang Xiaofu. “Zhongwai wenhua jiaoliu 中外文化交流.” In: Ding Shouhe 丁守和 ed. Zhonghua wenhua cidian 中華文化辭典. Guangzhou: Guangdong renmin chubanshe, 931–947. 1990 Co-authored with Wang Xiaofu. “Liu Yu Xishi ji buming dili kao 劉郁《西使 記》不明地理考.” Zhongya xuekan 中亞學刊, 3: 199–213. (B: 204–223). “Shiyi shiji de yuanxing ditu 十一世紀的圓形地圖.” In: Cao Wanru 曹婉如 et al. eds. Zhongguo gudai ditu ji: from Zhanguo to Yuan 中國古代地圖集· 戰國至元代. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe, 19–22, and the Plates on 3 and the Plates on 20. 1991 “Sulian chuban de jibu minzushi zhuzuo 蘇聯出版的幾部民族史著作.” Hanxue yanjiu tongxun 漢學研究通訊 10.1: 22–25. (C: 277–284). “Meiguo taolun Sijianya de quyu xitongguan de jipian pinglun 美國討論 施堅雅的區域系統觀的幾篇評論.” Hanxue yanjiu tongxun 10. 1: 25–29. (C: 267–276). “Xueren zhuanjie: Weitefu (Wittfogel) yu Aiboha (Eberhard) jiaoshou 學人專 介: 魏特夫與艾伯華教授.” Hanxue yanjiu tongxun 10. 1: 30–33. (C: 206–213). “Oumei Hanxue lunzhu xuanjie 歐美漢學論著選介.” Hanxue yanjiu tongxun 10. 2: 102–108, including: 1. Denis Sinor ed. Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia. 102–104. (B: 349–353). 2. Luciano Petech. Selected Papers on Asian History. 104. 3. Thomas T. Allsen. Mongol Imperialism: The Policies of the Grand Qan Monke in China, Russia and the Islamic Lands, 1251–1259. 104–106. (C: 302–305). A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda xxiii 4. Peter Zieme ed. Buddhistische Stabreimdichtungen Der Uiguren. 106. 5. Peter Zieme. Die Stabreimtexte der Uiguren von Turfan und Dunhuang: Studien zur Alttürkischen Dichtung. 106. 6. S. L. Tikhvinsky and B. A. Litvinsky eds. Vostochnyj Turkestan v drevnosti i rannem srednevekov’e—Ocherki Istorii. 106–108. (A: 291–295). “Tangmo Wudai Songchu xibei difang de banci he shici 唐末五代宋初西北 地方的般次和使次.” In: Li Zheng 李錚 and Jiang Zhongxin 蔣忠新 eds. Ji Xianlin jiaoshou bashi huadan jinian lunwenji (xia) 季羨林教授八十華誕紀 念論文集 (下). Nanchang: Jiangxi renmin chubanshe, 969–974. (A: 183–191). “Oumei Hanxue lunzhu xuanjie 歐美漢學論著選介.” Hanxue yanjiu tongxun 10. 3: 184–188, including: 1. L. S. Savitsky ed. Opisanie Tibetskikh Svitkov iz Dun’khuana Sobranii Instituta Vostokovedeniya AN SSSR. 184–187. (C: 312–318). 2. David McMullen. State and Scholars in T’ang China. 187–188. (C: 298–301). Preface to Song Xian 宋峴, trans. Ibn Khordādhbeh, Kitāb al-Masālik wa’l- Mamālik 伊本·胡爾達茲比赫《道里邦國志》中譯本. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1–22. (B: 185–203). “Oumei Hanxue lunzhu pingjie ji tiyao 歐美漢學論著評介及提要.” Hanxue yanjiu tongxun 10. 4: 302–309, including: 1. Catalogue des manuscrits chinois de Touen-houang, Fonds Pelliot chinois de la Bibliothèque Nationale, Volume IV, nos 3501–4000. 302–304. (C: 306–311). 2. Review of Derk Bodde, Chinese Thought, Society, and Science: The Intellectual and Social Background of Science and Technology in Pre- modern China. 304–307. (C: 285–292). 3. Ernst Steinkellner ed. Tibetan History and Language: Studies Dedicated to Uray Géza on His Seventieth Birthday. 307–309. (A: 267–271). 1992 “Oumei Hanxue lunzhu pingjie ji tiyao 歐美漢學論著評介及提要.” Hanxue yan- jiu tongxun 11. 3: 206–208; Review of Yuzo Mizoguchi et Léon Vandermeersch eds. Confucianisme et Sociélés Asiatiques. (C: 293–297). xxiv A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda Preface to Wang Xiaofu, Tang Tubo Dashi zhengzhi guanxi shi 《唐吐蕃大食政 治關係史》序. Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe, 4–7. (C: 250–253). “Huihu 回鶻 [Uighur]” (with Guo Pingliang 郭平梁). In: ECHC I, 412–415. 1993 “Jiushiji Tubo de Chiban fanyi mingyiji sanzhong: bKas bcad rnam pa gsum 九世紀吐蕃的《敕頒翻譯名義集三種》.” In: Zhou Shaoliang 周紹良 et al. eds. Zhou Yiliang xiansheng bashi shengri jinian lunwenji 周一良先生八十 生日紀念論文集. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, 146–165. (A: 226–241). “Mengyuan shiqi dahan de Wo’erduo 蒙元時期大汗的斡耳朵.” In: Zhang Jiqian 張寄謙 ed. Suxin ji: Jinian Shao Xunzheng xiansheng xueshu lunwenji 素馨集: 紀念邵循正先生學術論文集. Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe, 16–35. (A: 272–290). Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. Yutian shi congkao 于闐史叢考. Shanghai: Shanghai shudian. 1994 “Trois exemples d’influences mazdéennes dans la Chine des Tang.” Études chi- noises 8. 1/2: 203–219. La chine et les civilisations de l’Asie centrale du VII e au XI e siècle. Paris: Collège de France. Chaire internationale, leçon inaugurale faite le 14 janvier 1994. 1995 Xiyu shidi congkao chubian 西域史地叢考初編. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe. 1996 Co-ed. With B. A. Litvinsky and R. Shabani Samghabadi) History of Civilizations of Central Asia, vol. III, The Crossroads of Civilizations: A.D. 250–750. Paris: UNESCO Publishing. A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda xxv Chapters in History of Civilizations of Central Asia, vol. III, The Crossroads of Civilizations: A.D. 250–750. Paris: UNESCO Publishing: “Historical Introduction” (with B. A. Litvinsky). 19–33. Chapter 2: “The City-states of the Tarim Basin.” 281–301. Chapter 12: “Kocho (Kao-Ch’ang).” 303–314. “Central Asia, the Crossroads of Civilizations” (with B. A. Litvinsky). 473–490. “Xianjiao dui Tangdai Zhongguo zhi yingxiang sanli 祆教對唐代中國之影響 三例.” In Denys Lombard 龍巴爾 and Li Xueqin 李學勤 eds. Faguo Hanxue 法國漢學 [Sinologie Française]. Vol. 1. Beijing: Qinghua daxue chubanshe, 143–154. (B: 240–249). Co-authored with Franze Grenet. “The Last Refuge of the Sogdian Religion: Dunhuang in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries.” Bulletin of the Asia Institute, new series, no. 10, Studies in Honor of Vladimir A. Livshits. 175–186. “Les pièces officielles dans les manuscrits de Dunhuang et Turfan. Genre et structure: quelques clefs de lecture.” In: De Dunhuang au Japon. études chi- noises et bouddhiques offertes à Michel Soymié, textes réunis par Jean Pierre Drège. Genève: Droz, 179–201. 1997 “Tanfo yu tanzhai: guanyu Dunhuang wenshu zhong de ‘Zhaiwan wen’ de jige wenti ‘歎佛’ 與 ‘歎齋’ : 關於敦煌文書中的《齋琬文》的幾個問題.” In: Tian Yuqing 田余慶 et al. eds. Qingzhu Deng Guangming jiaoshou jiushi huadan lunwenji 慶祝鄧廣銘教授九十華誕論文集. Shijiazhuang: Hebei jiaoyu chu- banshe, 60–73. (A: 192–210). “Tangdai Xianjiao tusiang zaikao 唐代祆教圖像再考.” JTS 3: 1–17. (B: 274–289). Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Bashiji xiaban yu jiushiji chu de Yutian” 八世 紀下半與九世紀初的于闐.” JTS 3: 339–361. (D: 240–263). 1998 Review of Vostochny Turkestan v drevnosti i rannem srednevetov’e (East Turkistan in Antiquity and Early Mediaeval Times), I–III. JDTS 3: 339–370. (A: 296–331). Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “A Concise History of the Turfan Oasis and Its Exploration.” Asia Major, third series, 11. 2: 13–36. (Chinese translation in A: 92–113). xxvi A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda 1999 “Tulufan chutu Hanyu wenshu suojian Yilanyu diqu zongjiao de zongji 吐魯番 出土漢語文書所見伊朗語地區宗教的蹤跡.” JDTS 4: 1–16. (B: 224–239). Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Shishiji Yutianguo de Tianshou nianhao jiqi xiangguan wenti 十世紀于闐國的天壽年號及其相關問題.” Ouya xuekan 歐亞學刊 1: 181–192. (D: 289–302). “Shi’en nanwang: mianhuai Deng shi Gongsan xiansheng 師恩難忘: 緬懷鄧師 恭三先生.” In: Yangzhi ji: jinian Deng Guangming xiansheng. Shijiazhuang: Hebei jiaoyu chubanshe, 200–207. (C: 214–220). “Wo he Suitang, Zhongya shi yanjiu 我和隋唐、中亞史研究.” In: Zhang Shilin 張世林 ed. Xuelin chunqiu sanbian (shang) 學林春秋三編 (上). Beijing: Zhaohua chubanshe, 59–76. (C: 319–334). 2000 “Rongshe neiwai wenhua chengguo, yingjie ‘da shijian’ de tiaozhan 融攝內外 文化成果, 迎接 ‘大時間’ 的挑戰.” Zhonghua dushubao 中華讀書報, July 19, 2000. “Une représentation iconographique de la Daēnā et de la Daēva? Quelques pistes de réflexion sur les religions venues d’Asie centrale en Chine.” In: La Sérinde, terre d’échanges: art, religion, commerce du Ier au Xe siècle: actes du colloque international, Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, 13–14–15 février 1996 (XIVes Rencontres de l’Ecole du Louvre), direction scientifuque Monique Cohen, Jean-Pierre Drège, Jacques Giès. Paris: Documentation française, 191–202. (Chinese translation in B: 274–289). “Iranian Religious Evidence in Turfan Chinese Texts.” China Archaeology and Art Digest 4. 1, Zoroastrianism in China, 193–206. “L’irrigation dans la region de Koutcha.” In: Les manuscrits chinois de Koutcha: Fonds Pelliot de la Bibliothèque Nationale de France, par É. Trombert avec la collaboration de Ikeda On et Zhang Guangda. Paris: Institut des Hautes études chinoises du Collège de France, 143–150. (Chinese translation in A: 71–79). “Lüse shenghuo 綠色生活.” Dushu 讀書 5: 27–30. “The State and the Law in East Asia.” In: M. A. Al-Bakhit, L. Bazin and S. M. Cissoko eds. History of Humanity: Scientific and Cultural Development, Vol. IV, From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century, Chapter 3, Sec.5. London and New York: Routledge; Paris: UNESCO, 60–62. A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda xxvii “China.” In: M. A. Al-Bakhit, L. Bazin and S. M. Cissoko eds. History of Humanity: Scientific and Cultural Development, Vol. IV, From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century, chapter 27. London and New York: Routledge; Paris: UNESCO, 421–446. 2001 “Dao Kelimukaite jiaoshou 悼克里姆凱特教授 [In Memoriam: Prof. H.-J. Klimkeit].” JDTS 5: 287–293. (C: 221–228). “Guanyu Tangshi yanjiu quxiang de jidian qianjian 關於唐史研究趨向的幾點 淺見.” Zhongguo xueshu 中國學術 4: 279–297. Reprinted in Hu Ji 胡戟 et al. ed. Ershi shiji Tang yanjiu 二十世紀唐研究. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, 2002, 1–10. (C: 229–249). “Tangdai de Baolie: wenhua chuanbo de yige shili 唐代的豹獵: 文化傳播的一 個實例.” JTS 7: 177–204 + plates 1–6. (B: 23–50). Preface to Rong Xinjiang, Zhonggu Zhongguo yu wailai wenming《中古中國與 外來文明》序. In: Zhonggu Zhongguo yu wailai wenming 中古中國與外來 文明 by Rong Xinjiang. Beijing: Sanlian shudian, 1–6. (C: 254–258). “Section of Faju Jing (Dhammapada Sutra) before 368 CE.” In: Annette L. Juliano and Judith A. Lerner eds. Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northern China. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., with the Asia Society, 148–149. (Chinese translation in A: 211–214). 2002 Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Sheng Bidebao cang Hetian chutu Hanwen wenshu kaoshi 聖彼得堡藏和田出土漢文文書考釋.” JDTS 4: 221–241. (D: 267–288). “Sogdian Settlements and Tang Material Culture.” Paper presented at an Internatioanl Conference on “New Perspectives on the Tang.” April 18–20, 2002. Princeton University, NJ. Co-tr. with Valerie Hansen. “‘Hu’ Non-Chinese as They Appear in the Materials from the Astana Graveyard at Turfan.” By Wu Zhen 吳震. Sino-Platonic Papers 119, July 2002. Preface to Deng Wenkuan 鄧文寬, Dunhuang Tulufan tianwen lifa yanjiu 《敦煌 吐魯番天文曆法研究》序. Lanzhou: Gansu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1–6. (C: 259–262). xxviii A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda “Zaidu Wantang Suliang qi Mashi shuangyu muzhi 再讀晚唐蘇諒妻馬氏雙語 墓誌.” Guoxue yanjiu 國學研究 10: 1–22. (B: 250–273). “Zhonghua shuju yu Faguo Hanxue 中華書局與法國漢學 [La Zhonghua shuju et la sinologie française].” In: Zhonghua shuju yu Faguo Hanxue 中華書局與 法國漢學 [La Zhonghua shuju et la sinologie française]. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 13–26. “The Role of the Sogdians as Translators of Buddhist Texts.” In: Annette L. Juliano and Judith A. Lerner eds. Nomads, Travels and Holy Men along China’s Silk Road. Papers presented at a Symposium Held at the Asia Society in New York, November 9–10, 2001, Silk Road Studies VII. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 75–78. (Chinese translation in B: 290–294). 2003 “Tangdai Chang’an de Bosiren he Suteren: Tamen gefangmian de huodong 唐代長安的波斯人和粟特人: 他們各方面的活動.” Todaishi kenkyū 唐代史 研究 6: 3–16. (B: 51–65). “Wang Guowei de xixue he guoxue 王國維的西學與國學.” Zhongguo xueshu 4: 100–139. (C: 1–41). 2005 Trans. Marianne Bastid-Bruguière, “Liang Qichao yijiuyijiu nian de lüju Faguo yu wannian shehui wenhua sixiang shang dui Ouzhou de biandi 梁啟超 1919 年的旅居法國與晚年社會文化思想上對歐洲的貶低.” In: Li Xisuo 李喜所 ed. Liang Qichao yu jindai Zhongguo shehui wenhua 梁啟超與近代中國社會 文化. Tianjin: Tianjin guji chubanshe, 218–237. “Tangdai Hanyi Monijiao canjuan: xinwang, xiang, sanchang, sichu, zhongzi deng yuci shishi 唐代漢譯摩尼教殘卷: 心王、相、三常、四處、種子等語 詞試釋.” Tōhō gakuhō 東方學報 77: 376–336 [65–105]. (B: 295–348). “Neiteng Hunan de Tangsong biange shuo jiqi yingxiang 內藤湖南的唐宋變革 說及其影響.” JTS 11: 5–71. (C: 57–133). 2006 Book Review of Les Sogdiens en Chine, sous la direction d’Étienne de la Vaissière et Éric Trombert, Études chinoises 25: 276–289. (Chinese translation in B: 354–364). A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda xxix “Wang Guowei (1877–1927) zai Qingmo Minchu Zhongguo xueshu zhuanxi- nag zhong de gongxian 王國維 (1877–1927) 在清末民初中國學術轉型中的 貢獻.” Renwen Zhongguo xuebao 人文中國學報 12: 99–114. (C: 42–56). 2007 Co-trans. with Zhang Xitong. Turkstan down to the Mongol Invasion, by V. V. Barthold. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe. 2008 Wenshu, dianji yu Xiyu shidi 文書、典籍與西域史地 [Manuscripts, Documents, and the History and Geography of the Western Regions] (Collected works of Zhang Guangda, vol. 1.). Guilin: Guangxi shifan daxue chubanshe. (A) Wenben, tuxiang yu wenhua liuchuan 文本、圖像與文化流傳 [Texts, Iconographis and Cultural Transmission] (Collected works of Zhang Guangda, vol. 2.). Guilin: Guangxi shifan daxue chubanshe. (B) Shijia, shixue yu xiandai xueshu 史家、史學與現代學術 [Historians, History and Modern Scholarship] (Collected works of Zhang Guangda, vol. 3.). Guilin: Guangxi shifan daxue chubanshe. (C) “Cong ‘An Shi zhiluan’ dao ‘Chanyuan zhimeng’: Tangsong biange zhiji de zhongyuan he beifang 從 ‘安史之亂’ 到 ‘澶淵之盟’: 唐宋變革之際的中原 與北方.” In: Huang Kuan Chung 黃寬重 ed. Jidiao yu bianzou: 7–20 shiji de Zhongguo 基調與變奏：七至二十世紀的中國, vol. 3. Taipei: Guoli zheng- zhi daxue lishixi, pp. 1–20. Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. Yutian shi congkao 于闐史叢考. Expanded edition. Beijing: Zhongguo renmin daxue chubanshe. (D) Co-authored with Chen Jiarong 陳佳榮 and Qian Jiang 錢江. Lidai Zhongwai xingji 歷代中外行紀. Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe. “Rethinking Chinese Studies in an Age of Reflexive Modernization: China and Global Society.” In: “Quanqiuhua shidai Dongya yanjiu de xinquxiang” guoji xueshu yantaohui lunwenji 全球化時代東亞研究的新取向國際學術研討會 論文集. Taipei: Taiwan daxue Gaodeng renwen yanjiuyuan, 13–21. xxx A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda 2009 “Zhongguo yu linbang jian sixiang yu xingxiang de youjiujiaoliu de zai tansuo 中國與鄰邦間思想與形象的悠久交流的再探索.” Keynote speech. In: Huiju: Jiaoliuzhong suo xingsu de Yazhou guoji xueshu yantaohui lunwenji “匯聚: 交 流中所形塑的亞洲” 3(14 Age of Reflexive Modernization: China and Global Society 國際學術研討會論文集. Taipei: The Palace Museum, pp. 1–24. Preface to Zhang Hongyang 張紅揚 ed., Beijing daxue tushuguan cang xiwen hanxue zhenben tiyao 北京大學圖書館藏西文漢學珍本提要. Guilin: Guangxi shifan daxue chubanshe, 1–3. Preface to Li Songtao 李松濤, Tangdai qianqi zhengzhi wenhua yanjiu 唐代前 期政治文化研究. Taipei: Taiwan xuesheng shuju, i–ii. Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “On the Dating of the Khotanese Documents from the Area of Khotan.” In: Judith A. Lerner and Lilla Russell-Smith eds., Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology 3: 149–156. Chapter 1 On the Word ṣau Found in the Kuchean Secular Documents Ching Chao-jung Introduction As far as can be seen, official documents are not abundant among the manu- scripts written in Tocharian B (i.e., Kuchean). Apart from the wooden laissez- passers found by Paul Pelliot, the great majority of Kuchean secular documents are accounts and letters discovered in the ruins of Buddhist monasteries. Therefore, most of these materials are not “secular” in the strict sense but of strong monastic character. Under the circumstances, the political and military aspects of the Kucha kingdom that can be observed among the Kuchean secular documents are comparatively limited by comparison with the ones written in Niya-Prākrit, Khotanese, Chinese, Old Tibetan, and Old Uyghur. In addition to analyzing the Kuchean official documents already known to us and searching for undiscov- ered ones, it is also important to look for direct and indirect evidence in the monastic records about governmental and military activities. In this article, the traces of “receipts” (Chin. chao 抄) in three Kuchean mo- nastic documents will be discussed. The topic was initially raised from the question of a difficult passage found in a Kuchean monastic account in the Otani Collection. An Obscure Word pau Found in Ot. 12 The monastic account mentioned above was published in Saiiki kōko zufu 西域考古圖譜 (Kagawa 1915) as Plate 1.1, with an initial transliteration given at the bottom of the photograph, in the section of saiiki go monjo 西域語文書. It is now kept in Ryukoku University (Kyoto) as reported by Inokuchi (1961: 347), who then gave a new transliteration and Japanese translation with the advice of W. Couvreur and W. Thomas. Nowadays, in the circle of Tocharologists, the © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2018 | doi 10.1163/9789004362253_002 2 Ching Plate 1.1 Tocharian B fragment THT2852_seite1. document is usually referred to as Ot.12.1 The most difficult phrase in the text occurs in lines 11–12, for which Inokuchi was unable to provide a translation. Here I quote his transliteration: Ot.12.11–12 simākurriṅkāteṃtse yaitkosa ywārś̱\ ṣmañe pauśyenta aṣkār sasākauwa ṣeyeṃ yāywyeṃ ykuweś̱\ recye cāsāmtse ysāre wsam̱ \ śak ṯa̱ rya cakaṃnma piś tom̱ \ pau nes̱a̱ṃ Probably due to a printer’s mistake, the r in yaitkorsa (perl. sg. of yaitkor “order, commandment”) is missing in the above reading, since the cluster rs is eas- ily readable in its photograph. The construction “someone (gen.) + yaitkorsa,” literally “by order of someone,” is generally used to indicate that the action is conducted according to some royal or official order, such as the phrase yapkon- tse yaitkorsa (SI B Toch./13.3, 11.10) “by the Yapko’s order.”2 I therefore indicated in 2007 that the strange word simā at the beginning of Ot.12.11–12 is very likely 1 Schmidt 1986: 638, Pinault 1994b: 88, Malzahn 2007a: 93–94. My rereading and discussion of Ot. 12 have been provided in Ching 2010: 86, 142, 338–341 and recently published as Ching and Ogihara 2012. 2 Pinault 1998: 4, 6. On the Word ṣau Found in the Kuchean Secular Documents 3 a rendering of the Chinese official title Sima 司馬.3 Hence, a temporary tran- scription can be given as follows:4 Ot.12.11–12 Simā Kurriṅkāteṃtse yaitkorsa, ywārś-ṣmañe pauśyenta aṣkār sasākauwa ṣeyeṃ. yāywyeṃ ykuweś recye Cāsāmtse ysāre wsam: śak-tärya cakaṃnma piś tom. pau nesäṃ. As indicated by Pinault, ṣmañe is the adjective derived from the Tocharian word for “summer” (Toch. A sme “summer,” Toch. B ṣmāye* adj. “pertaining to summer”).5 Consequently, the term ywārś-ṣmañe pauśyenta, literally “(the) midsummer pauśyes,”6 probably refers to some levies imposed in the middle of a year. According to Ogihara,7 recye is an adjective derived from Toch. B retke m. “army, military” with the productive suffix -(i)ye. It is known that the adverb aṣkār means “back, in the opposite direction; on the reverse,” but it is difficult to properly understand the phrase pauśyenta aṣkār sasākauwa ṣeyeṃ. In Adams’s dictionary, the verb sāk- (pret. part. sasākau*, nom./obl. pl. sasākauwa)8 in the phrase is explained as “remain (behind).” Following Thomas, he translates 3 Ching and Ogihara 2012: 83, 104–105. It is noteworthy that according to Geng (2005: 109), an obscure word simä found in the Old Turkic inscription of Tonyuquq is probably a transcrip- tion of the same Chinese term. 4 The convention of transliteration basically follows the one in Sieg and Siegling (1949, 1953). The convention of transcription virtually follows the tradition of Krause and Thomas (1960). /// damaged document edge. [ ] partly damaged akṣara(s). ( ) seriously damaged akṣara(s) of which the passage is restored. ‒ an indeterminable akṣara. · indeterminable part of an akṣara. The convention of translation parallels the one of transcription: /// damaged document edge. [ ] damaged text of which the uncertainty in the reading cannot be ignored. ( ) seriously damaged text to be restored, or interpretation of passage to be added. … indeterminable content. 5 See the entry of ṣmāye* in Dict.: 668. The etymology of ṣmañe was once indicated in Pinault’s reading class, 12 June 2007. 6 The word pauśye usually means “tax, levy” in Kuchean secular documents. But on a few occa- sions it seems to be taken as a general term indicating both taxation and labor service. More discussion is provided in Ching 2010: 441–445. 7 Personal communication, August 2007. 8 The asterisk following a Kuchean word: If the nominative singular (masculine) is not actually attested, its probable form is reconstructed and given with a following asterisk (Dict.: ii–iii). 4 Ching it as “the tribute-payments were in arrears[?]”9 But another solution is pos- sible: the levies somehow “back” to the people may signify the redistribution of taxes down to commoners when local officials were imposed by the Chinese authorities.10 Accordingly, sāk- in this text may virtually mean “fix (something) up,” “arrange” or “regulate.” In this case, a provisional translation can be given as follows: By order of Kurriṅkāte* the Sīmǎ (司馬), the midsummer levies have been apportioned back (to us)(?). (Thus) we have given wheat to Cāsām*, (a man) pertaining to an army on the way to yāywyeṃ*: thirteen piculs, five pecks.11 Yet the last sentence pau nesäṃ “there is/are pau” remains incomprehensible. The word nesäṃ is the prs. 3sg./3pl. form of Toch. B nes- “be, exist,” but pau is not found elsewhere. One may think of several possibilities to seek the meaning of pau. One hy- pothesis is that pau is a mistake or an abbreviation of pauśye. But this idea be- comes problematic when we take the passages in lines 11–12 as a whole. Given that the pauśyes (pl. pauśyenta) had just been specified previously (i.e., the midsummer ones), why should the writer reiterate this fact at the end? To see pau standing for pautke “farming rental”12 is not very satisfactory. If the writer had used pau as an abbreviation of pautke, which could create confusion be- cause pau is also the first syllable of pauśye. On the other hand, if pau is just a careless mistake for pautke (i.e., if its second akṣara was forgotten), we need more evidence to establish that the wheat given to the army, counted as the tax payment, should immediately be emphasized as farming rental, not to men- tion that it would be preferable to use the preterite or imperfect tense for the 9 Thomas 1957: 306; Dict.: 679. 10 One may refer to the redistribution of levies among Khotanese prefectures after their of- ficials received the commands from Chinese authorities. See Yoshida 2006: 21–26, 117–141, esp. 127–129 and my discussion in Ching and Ogihara 2012: 107–109. 11 The two proper names Cāsām* and yāywyeṃ* do not look like Tocharian. Possibly they are both rendered from unknown Chinese words; see infra. 12 The meaning of pautke was supposed by Sieg 1950: 219 as “Abgabe, Tribute” in German, which was then adopted in Adams’ dictionary as “± share, tribute” (Dict.: 406), since it is very probably a noun derived from putk- “divide, share, separate.” After analyzing various Kuchean documents, I think that its meaning is more probably “farming rental” (Ching 2010: 410–413). If this view is correct, the etymology implies that some kind of share- cropping was once widespread in ancient Kucha. On the Word ṣau Found in the Kuchean Secular Documents 5 last sentence to denote that the wheat was originally the rental income of the monastery. Finally, to take pau as a variant of or as a scribal error for Toch. B po “all” is hardly satisfactory. In fact, I do not know of any attestation for the phrase po nesäṃ elsewhere in the Tocharian materials that are so far available to me. Therefore, to see pau in Inokuchi’s reading as a foreign word seems to be a more preferable idea. Accordingly, the candidates for its etymon may include Chin. bu 布 “cloth” (EMC pɔh, LMC puə̆ ˋ), Khot. pau “onion,”13 etc. Yet I fail to establish firm links between the imposed wheat and any of these candidates. The Discovery of ṣau The problem of “pau” continued until the beginning of the year 2010, when I was checking the reading of the monastic documents found in the Kizil grot- toes. A small set of documents14 consisting of THT2692 and 2852 drew my attention. Their unique running number T III MQ17 implies that they were possibly discovered together in the Kizil grottoes by the third German expedi- tion in the spring of 1906. Although they cannot be joined to each other, their formal features are highly similar.15 Probably they are two separate parts of the same document, or at least fragments of documents written by the same person and then kept together. The small set of THT2692 and 2852 are distinct from the largest group of the Kuchean monastic documents found in the same district by the German expedition16 in various aspects such as paper condition and ductus. Taking notice of a strange syllable ṣau in both fragments, I found that the left part in THT2852.1 is comparable with the right part of THT2692.6. A re- observation of the photographs provided on the website of the TITUS project confirms this view. Therefore, a raw transliteration can be given as follows: 13 Bailey 1979: 250. 14 This set is referred to as “Assemblage V” in Ching 2010. 15 The paper of the two pieces are both severely crumpled, stained, and thus have an un- usual dark color (10YR6/2 “light brownish gray”~10YR5/2 “grayish brown” in the Munsell soil color chart). Since they are now stuck on backing paper, it is difficult to observe the thickness and the texture of the paper. Their ductus is unusually large compared with other Kuchean monastic accounts. 16 The largest group is referred to as “the main group” in Ching and Ogihara 2010. It corre- sponds to the “Assemblage III” in Ching 2010. 6 Ching THT2852.1 /// · [u]—nm · ṣau n · s · ‒ ‒ /// THT2692.6 /// ‒ n · cāneṃ wsāwa kante na[su]cinme[ṃ] ṣau n[e] /// As shown in Plate 1.1,17 the mutilated writing · [u]—nm · in THT2852.1 is very likely the remnants of Nasucinmeṃ “from Nasuci*,” which is quite readable in THT2692.6 (Plate 1.2). The left part of THT2852.1 seems to be the end of an account item, since there is an obvious blank between it and the two broken akṣaras in the right corner.18 In Kuchean, the verb is generally placed at the end of a phrase, but so far there is no verbal root or stem beginning with ṣauno. Given that the rightmost akṣara in THT2692.6 is surely a ne, the most straight- forward way to solve this comparable pair of passages is to restore the common verbal form nesäṃ (prs. 3sg./3pl. of nes- “be, exist”). Consequently, a new word ṣau evolved, as adopted in the following transcription: THT2852.1 /// (Nas)[u](ci)nm(eṃ) ṣau n(e)s(äṃ). ‒ ‒ /// ‘/// [There is/are] ṣau [from Nasuci*]. … ///’ THT2692.6 /// n · cāneṃ wsāwa: kante. Na[su]cinme[ṃ] ṣau n[e](säṃ). /// ‘/// I gave coins … : one hundred. [There is/are] ṣau [from Nasuci*]. /// ’ Being placed at the end of account items, the expression ṣau nesäṃ easily makes one recall the unsolved phrase “pau nesäṃ” mentioned above. In fact, the scripts <p> and <ṣ> are often hardly distinguishable in more cursively writ- ten texts. Nevertheless, although the so-read pau is somehow blurred in the photograph,19 I think that it is better to read ṣau, after examining all the speci- mens of <p> and <ṣ> in Ot.12. It is possible to perceive the subtle difference 17 Many heartfelt thanks are due to Dr. Simone-Christiane Raschmann for arranging the high-resolution photographs of the two fragments. 18 The two broken akṣaras may be either the notion for specifying the responsible person of the account item (e.g. the Moko in THT2692.3) or the beginning of the next item. 19 In addition to the original plate in Kagawa 1915, more photographs can be found at http://idp.afc.ryukoku.ac.jp/database/oo_scroll_h.a4d?uid=-20683421056; recnum=80141; index=1 and http://www.afc.ryukoku.ac.jp/otani/category.html, both of which can verify my reading. On the Word ṣau Found in the Kuchean Secular Documents 7 Plate 1.2 Tocharian B fragment THT2692_seite1. between <p> and <ṣ> in the document, where the tail of <p> is either ex- tended slightly to the right or written at a more horizontally inclined angle. Henceforth, our focus is turned into the meaning of ṣau, the newly found word in THT2852 and 2692. The Meaning of ṣau At first glance, several words in other languages may be taken into consider- ation, such as Khot. ṣṣau (frequently written as ṣau)20 and others in Chinese of similar sound (e.g., shao 筲 “pail, bucket,” EMC ʂaɨw/ʂɛːw, LMC ʂaːw; etc.). To resolve this question, a return to the full text is indispensable. Here is the transcription of THT2692 and 2852 with my restoration and provisional translation:21 20 Bailey 1979: 412–413. Recent discussions include Yoshida 2006: 83–86, Wen 2008: 58–64, 2009: 127–133, Rong and Wen 2009a: 64, 2009b: 64, etc. 21 The translation here improves upon the one given in Ching 2010: 293–294. 8 Ching THT269222 1 /// – k preke Mokoṃ Artatewentse /// 2 neṃ [w]sā(wa): wi [kä]nte piśāka /// 3 Mokoṃ Artatewentse ka(p)c(i). /// 4 ṣuktañce meṃne. twā[n]kerräṣṣe keśsa yapoy-rine [Y](u)- 5 rpāṣkaṣṣes ṣe śomo klyinaṣṣi-me. śomo rine mā masa. ś[o]/// 6 /// ‒ n · cāneṃ wsāwa: kante. Na[su]cinme[ṃ] ṣau n[e](säṃ). /// 7 /// · ā – – l·· i—[i]—l· /// 1 (In that) time, … of Artatewe* the Moko /// 2 [I have given the coins … :] two hundred and fifty /// 3 Artatewe* the Moko’s finger-measure. /// 4–5 In the 7th month. By the count of twā[n]kerrä*, in the city of the prefecture, one man belonging to the people of Yurpāṣka was nec- essary for them. (But the) man did not go to the city. [The man] /// 6  /// I have given coins to …: one hundred. From the side of Na[su]ci*, [there is] ṣau. /// 7 [untranslatable] Notes on the Transcription 1  /// – k preke: Thanks to Ogihara’s indication (p.c. August 2010), the remnants in the left edge may be read and restored as (ce)[w]ak or (ca)[w]ak. Both cewak and cawak are the obl. sg. of su provided with the strengthening particle k(ä). Consequently, the meaning of this phrase can be restored as “in that very time.” 2  neṃ: Given the similar passage in line 6, the beginning of this line can be restored as (cā)neṃ (obl. pl. of cāne “coin”) with the end of the previous line. [kä]nte: Sic! The normal form is kante, but here the first syllable is safely to be transliterated as a broken <ḵa̱> instead of a broken <ka>. The normal form kante can be seen in line 6 of this manuscript. 5  klyinaṣṣi: a little akṣara na was added below klyiṣṣi in order to cor- rect it as klyinaṣṣi (impf. 3sg. of klin- “be necessary”, Malzahn 2010: 625–626). ś[o] /// : we may restore it as ś[o](mo) “man, person.” 22 The maximum length: 25.0cm; the maximum width: 27.5cm (data observed on 2 April 2008). There is a fragment in the size of 6.2 × 5.0cm wrongly joined to the upper-left cor- ner of this document.