YEATS’S MASK Yeats Annual No. 19: A Special Issue Edited by MARGARET MILLS HARPER and WARWICK GOULD To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/233 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. In the same series YEATS ANNUALS Nos. 1, 2 Edited by Richard J. Finneran YEATS ANNUALS Nos. 3–8, 10–11, 13 Edited by Warwick Gould YEATS AND WOMEN YEATS ANNUAL No. 9: A Special Number Edited by Deirdre Toomey THAT ACCUSING EYE YEATS AND HIS IRISH READERS YEATS ANNUAL No. 12: A Special Number Edited by Warwick Gould and Edna Longley YEATS AND THE NINETIES YEATS ANNUAL No. 14: A Special Number Edited by Warwick Gould YEATS’S COLLABORATIONS YEATS ANNUAL No. 15: A Special Number Edited by Wayne K. Chapman and Warwick Gould POEMS AND CONTEXTS YEATS ANNUAL No. 16: A Special Number Edited by Warwick Gould INFLUENCE AND CONFLUENCE YEATS ANNUAL No. 17: A Special Number Edited by Warwick Gould THE LIVING STREAM YEATS ANNUAL No. 18: A Special Issue Essays in Memory of A. Norman Jeffares Edited by Warwick Gould YEATS ANNUAL No. 19 W. B. Yeats in the New College, Oxford, rooms of G. K. Chettur, who, from 1918–21 was a Commoner of the College (1918–21). The photograph was taken by Chettur some time after Yeats had addressed the Oxford Majlis on 23 November 1919. YEATS’S MASK YEATS ANNUAL No. 19 A Special Issue Edited by Margaret Mills Harper and Warwick Gould in association with the Institute of English Studies School of Advanced Study, University of London http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2013 Margaret Harper Mills and Warwick Gould, unless otherwise stated. Copyright of individual chapters are maintained by the chapter author(s). 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All attributions in relation to any part of this work should include the following information: Mills Harper, Margaret and Gould, Warwick (eds.), Yeats’s Mask: Yeats Annual No. 19 , Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0038 Further details about the various Creative Commons licenses are available at: http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/ ISBN Paperback: 978-1-78374-017-8 ISBN Hardback: 978-1-78374-018-5 ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-78374-019-2 ISBN Digital ebook (epub version): 978-1-78374-020-8 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi version): 978-1-78374-021-5 DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0038 Cover image taken from the cover design of Wheels and Butterflies (London: Macmillan, 1934). Artist unknown. All paper used by Open Book Publishers is SFI (Sustainable Forestry Initiative), and PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes) Certified. Printed in the United Kingdom and United States by Lightning Source for Open Book Publishers The bravest from the Gods but ask: A house, a sword, a ship, a mask. 1 1 From Wheels and Butterflies, 157: see below, 369–78. Contents List of Illustrations Abbreviations Editorial Board Notes on the Contributors Editors’ Introduction Acknowledgements and Editorial Information YEATS’S MASK The Mask before The Mask WARWICK GOULD The King’s Threshold , Calvary, The Death of Cuchulain : Yeats’s Passion Plays ALEXANDRA POULAIN To ‘make others see my dream as I had seen it’: Yeats’s Aesthetics in Cathleen ni Houlihan AISLING CARLIN ‘Oxford Poets’: Yeats, T. S. Eliot and William Force Stead DAVID BRADSHAW Playing with Voices and with Doubles in Two of Yeats’s Plays: The Words upon the Window-pane and A Full Moon in March PIERRE LONGUENESSE The Mask of Derision in Yeats’s Prologue to A Vision (1937) ELIZABETH MÜLLER A Vision and Yeats’s Late Masks MARGARET MILLS HARPER ix x Contents The Mask of A Vision NEIL MANN ‘I beg your pardon?’: W. B. Yeats, Audibility and Sound Transmission EMILIE MORIN Mask and Robe: Yeats’s Oxford Book of Modern Verse (1936) and New Poems (1938) MICHAEL CADE-STEWART The Poem on the Mountain: A Chinese Reading of Yeats’s ‘Lapis Lazuli’ JERUSHA McCORMACK The Manuscript of ‘Leo Africanus’, edited by STEVE L. ADAMS and GEORGE MILLS HARPER Reprinted from Yeats Annual 1 SHORTER NOTES ‘My Dear Miss Brachvogel...’ A Ms Version of a Yeats Quatrain PHILIP R. BISHOP The Land Of Heart’s Desire : Some Hitherto Unrecorded Printings – ‘Work in Progress’ COLIN SMYTHE Wheels and Butterflies : Title, Structure, Cover Design WARWICK GOULD REVIEWS W. B. Yeats and Lady Gregory, Where there is Nothing and The Unicorn from the Stars: Manuscript Materials , ed. Wim Van Mierlo RICHARD ALLEN CAVE The King’s Threshold: Manuscript Materials , edited by Declan Kiely RICHARD ALLEN CAVE xi YEATS ANNUAL 19 W. B. Yeats, At The Hawk’s Well and The Cat and the Moon: Manuscript Materials , ed. Andrew Parkin RICHARD ALLEN CAVE Karen E. Brown, The Yeats Circle, Verbal and Visual Relations in Ireland, 1880–1939 TOM WALKER W. B. Yeats and George Yeats, The Letters ed. Ann Saddlemyer; W. B. Yeats’s ‘A Vision’: Explications and Contexts , ed. Neil Mann, Matthew Gibson and Claire Nally LAUREN ARRINGTON Sean Pryor, W. B. Yeats, Ezra Pound and the Poetry of Paradise STODDARD MARTIN Writings on Literature and Art: G. W. Russell – A.E., edited and with an Introduction by Peter Kuch NICHOLAS ALLEN Joseph M. Hassett, W. B. Yeats and the Muses MICHAEL CADE-STEWART Michael McAteer, Yeats and European Drama TARA STUBBS R. F. Foster, Words Alone: Yeats and his Inheritances GERALDINE HIGGINS PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED List of Illustrations Cover Image: Taken from the cover design of Wheels and Butterflies (London: Macmillan, 1934), artist unknown. See pp. 369–78. Image in the public domain. Frontispiece: W. B. Yeats in the New College, Oxford, rooms of G. K. Chettur, late 1919 or early 1920. Photograph by G. K. Chettur, and reproduced from his The Last Enchantment: Recollections of Oxford (Mangalore: The B. M. Bookshop, 1934, facing p. 40). Image in the public domain. Plates 1. Plaster cast of mask of W. B. Yeats by Kathleen Scott (née Bruce, later Lady Kennet), 1907. 17 1/2 in. (445 mm) high. Photograph courtesy and © The National Portrait Gallery, London. All rights reserved. 20 2. The ‘Palatium Arcanorum’, frontispiece of Christian Knorr von Rosenroth’s Kabbala Denudata seu Doctrina Hebræorum transcendentalis et metaphysica atque theological etc., 1677. Photograph courtesy and © The British Library. All rights reserved. 42 3 a-b. Yeats at the Microphone, very probably March 1937. Photographs of unknown authorship, courtesy Colin Smythe. Images in the public domain. 215 4. Yeats’s Lapis Lazuli mountain (given to him by Harry Clifton, and the inspiration of the poem ‘Lapis Lazuli’), front view. Photograph courtesy and © of the National Library of Ireland. All rights reserved. 260 5. Mi Fu Honouring a Rock. Photograph courtesy and © of the Shanghai Museum. All rights reserved. 270 6. Detail from “Ting Qin Tu”: Listening to the Qin , attributed to the Emperor Song Huizong (11th Century). Image in the public domain. See http:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Songhuizong8.jpg 274 xiii xiv Illustrations 7. Writing on a rock-face in Huangshan, Anhui Province. Photograph © H. K. Tang, CC BY-NC- ND license. See: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ ehktang/4066986112/ 275 8. Back side of Yeats’s Lapis Lazuli mountain, with poem circled. Photograph courtesy and © of the National Library of Ireland. All rights reserved. 277 9. First page of Lily Yeats’s letter to her American friend, Clara Brachvogel. Image in the public domain. 341 10. Photostat copy by Colin Smythe of inscribed front free endpaper of Lady Gregory’s lost bookplate copy of Yeats’s Poems, 1899–1905 . Image in the public domain. 344 11. W. B. Yeats’s poem as inscribed in the Mosher Press edition of The Land of Heart’s Desire (1908). Image in the public domain. 344 12. Yeats’s inscription in The King’s Threshold – A Play in Verse (New York: Printed for Private Circulation [ John Quinn], 1904). Courtesy Yeats Estate and Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University. Image in the public domain. 345 13. Top page of John Quinn’s set of the Cuala proofs of Twenty-One Poems written by Lionel Johnson : Selected by William Butler Yeats (1904), inscribed by Yeats and his two sisters. Lily Yeats’s comment is ‘Not to be pirated, Oct 27 th . 1904.’ Photograph courtesy and © private collector, all rights reserved. 349 14 a-f. Images of various states and editions of In the Land of Heart’s Desire [sic] published by the Thomas Y. Crowell Company of New York, c.1905 and later. Portrait by John Butler Yeats, remaining artwork of unknown authorship. Images in the public domain. 350-53 15 a-b. Images of The Land of Heart’s Desire [?1904]. Images in the public domain. 355 16 a-b Images of The Land of Heart’s Desire published by the Walter H. Baker Company of Boston, 1919. Artwork of unknown authorship. Images in the public domain. 356 xv YEATS ANNUAL 19 17 a-e Images of various states and editions of The Land of Heart’s Desire published by Dodd, Mead, New York, c.1909. Artwork of unknown authorship. Images in the public domain. 360-61 18 a- f. Images of various states and editions of The Land of Heart’s Desire published by the Little Leather Library, New York, 1919 and later. Artwork of unknown authorship. Images in the public domain. 361-63 19 a-d. Images of various states and editions of The Land of Heart’s Desire [ sic ] published by the Shrewesbury Publishing Company, Chicago, after 1925. Images in the public domain. 365 20 a-d. Images of various states and editions of In the Land of Heart’s Desire [ sic ] published by the Haldeman-Julius Company as their Pockett and Little Blue Books Series, Girard, Kansas and Portland, Oregon, 1923 and after. Images in the public domain. 367-68 21-23. The bronzes cast before 1929 from Hildo Van Krop’s masks for The Woman of the Sidhe , Emer, and Cuchulain in Vrouwe Emer’s Groote Strijd, the 1922 Dutch production of The Only Jealousy of Emer, and now in the Stadsschouwburg, Amsterdam. Photograph of unknown authorship, predating 1934. Image in the public domain. 370 24. Title-page design of Wheels and Butterflies (London: Macmillan, 1934). Artwork of unknown authorship. Image in the public domain. 372 25. Thomas Sturge Moore’s original design for the spine and top board of The Cutting of an Agate (London: Macmillan, 1919). Image courtesy and © Senate House Library, University of London. All rights reserved. 375 Abbreviations Au Autobiographies (London: Macmillan, 1955). AVA A Vision: An Explanation of Life Founded upon the Writ- ings of Giraldus and upon certain Doctrines attributed to Kusta Ben Luka (London: privately printed for subscrib- ers only by T. Werner Laurie, Ltd., 1925). See also CVA. AVB A Vision (London: Macmillan, 1962). Berg Books and Manuscripts, The Berg Collection, New York Public Library (Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations). BIV 1, 2 A Book of Irish Verse (London: Methuen, 1895; 1900). BL Add. MS Additional Manuscript, The British Library, London (followed by number). BL Macmillan Later papers from the Macmillan Archive, British Library, London. Bodley Bodleian Library, Oxford. Bradford Yeats at Work , by Curtis B. Bradford (Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1965). Brotherton Manuscript, The Brotherton Collection, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds. CH W. B. Yeats: The Critical Heritage , ed A. Norman Jeffares (London: Henley; Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1977). xvii xviii Abbreviations CL1, 2, 3, 4 The Collected Letters of W. B. Yeats: Volume I, 1865–1895, ed. John Kelly and Eric Domville; Volume II, 1896–1900 , ed. Warwick Gould, John Kelly, Deirdre Toomey; Vol- ume III, 1901–1904 , and Volume IV, 1905–1907, ed. John Kelly and Ronald Schuchard (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986, 1997, 1994, 2005). CL InteLex The Collected Letters of W. B. Yeats , gen. ed. John Kelly, Oxford University Press (InteLex Electronic Edition) 2002. Letters cited by Accession number. CM W. B. Yeats: A Census of the Manuscripts , by Conrad A. Balliet, with the assistance of Christine Mawhinney (New York and London: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1990). CVA A Critical Edition of Yeats’s A Vision (1925) , ed. George Mills Harper and Walter Kelly Hood (London: Macmillan, 1978). CW1 The Poems , second edition (New York: Scribner, 1997), ed. Richard J. Finneran and replacing The Poems: Revised (New York: Macmillan, 1989; London: Macmillan, 1989), PR, which replaced The Poems: A New Edition (New York: Macmillan, 1983; London: Macmillan London Ltd., 1984), PNE, as the first volume of The Collected Works of W. B. Yeats (formerly The Collected Edition of the Works of W. B. Yeat s). CW2 The Play s, ed. David R. Clark and Rosalind E. Clark (New York: Scribner, 2001), volume II of The Collected Works of W. B. Yeats (formerly The Collected Edition of the Works of W. B. Yeats ). CW3 Autobiographies , ed. William H. O’Donnell and Douglas N. Archibald, assisted by J. Fraser Cocks III and Gretchen Schwenker (New York: Scribner, 1999), volume III of The Collected Works of W. B. Yeats (formerly The Collected Edition of the Works of W. B. Yeats ) CW4 Early Essays , ed. Richard J. Finneran and George Bornstein (New York: Scribner, 2007), volume III of The Collected Works of W. B. Yeats (formerly The Collected Edition of the Works of W. B. Yeats ).