THE “BLUEBEARD” OF EDMONTON A Short History of James P. Watson and His Time Here Dane Ryksen “A gentleman, neat in appearance, of courteous disposition, well connected. Has property and connections with several corporations, a nice bank account and considerable government bonds. Would be pleased to correspond with a young lady or widow. Object matrimony.” 1 This particular “lonely heart” advertisement appeared in newspapers across Canada and the northwestern United States during the second decade of the 20th Century. At first glance it’s seemingly innocuous — almost depressing, if not somewhat boastful. Notices like it were printed in nearly every newspaper imaginable during the Edwardian era. They were commonplace. Prior to the likes of eHarmony or Tinder , it was not uncommon to put one’s heart on their sleeve — or newspaper sheet — to try and find true love. But what makes this one ad unique, however, is that it appeared in papers around the United States and Canada for years, trailing one man on his travels throughout the two countries. But, just who did it follow? The man known for generations since as the “Bluebeard:” thief; murderer; “King of Bigamists;” the Jeffrey Dahmer, John Wayne Gacy, or Ted Bundy of his era; and Edmonton’s first resident serial killer James P. Watson was born as Charles, the only child of Mr. and Mrs. George Gillian, in the small town of Paris, Arkansas on July 3rd, 1871. As described by Katie Dowd of the SFGATE , “as he told it, his childhood was 2 characterized by mental and physical abuse. His father was absent, and his mother was volatile.” For the early years 3 of little Charles’ life, he lived a lie. His father, the one his mother had long told him was dead, had simply abandoned them — he found out the truth at the age of nine — and shortly after she remarried she added further confusion to the young boy’s life by changing her son’s name to “Joseph” or “Dan Holden” after his new 4 5 stepfather. But a new name did not help “blend him into his new family.” 6 “James... had a psychologically rough childhood. Indeed, through every psychiatric examination he took after his arrest, Watson spoke venomously of his parents and the particular hatred he had for his mother. She never gave him a kiss or a kind word, he said, and prayed for his uncommitted sins even while she struck him with a horsewhip. Further, the boy had a congenital sex deformity which turned him into a shy, inhibited little creature, and subconsciously he blamed his mother for that, too,” Esquire Magazine commented. At age twelve he could no longer bear it, and ran away. He moved “so obscurely that little is known of his life for the next three decades.” He 7 reappeared in Moose Jaw around either 1912 or 1913 and took up work as a salesman for the Robin Hood Milling 8 Company in Calgary, where he later established the Gusbur Oil & Gas Co mpany. In 1915, Holden, long now under the pseudonym of James Watson, settled in Edmonton, where he made his home for the next four years. When he arrived, Watson would have seemed like any other normal, new Edmontonian; the entrepreneurial-type who came for what little opportunity was left during the hectic war-years. As he had in Calgary, Jim Cameron, “The Horrifying Marriage Career of James “Bluebeard” Watson,” Kimberley 1 Bulletin , October 31, 2014, accessed October 12, 2019, https://www.kimberleybulletin.com/ opinion/the-horrifying-marriage-career-of-james-bluebeard-watson/ Dean Jennings, “Murder is a Fine Art,” Esquire Magazine , April 1, 1946, 58. https:// 2 classic.esquire.com/article/1946/4/1/murder-is-a-fine-art Katie Dowd, “‘Object, matrimony’: The Forgotten Tale of the West Coast's First Serial Bride 3 Killer,” SFGATE, October 4, 2019, Accessed, March 16, 2020, https://www.sfgate.com/sfhistory/ article/james-bluebeard-watson-serial-killer-14490554.php Dowd, “‘Object, matrimony’: The Forgotten Tale,” SFGATE 4 “Watson Gives Real Name As Dan Holden,” Edmonton Bulletin , May 11, 1920, 5. 5 “James B. Watson,” Murderpedia, accessed March 16, 2020, https://murderpedia.org/male.W/ 6 w/watson-james.htm Dowd, “‘Object, matrimony’: The Forgotten Tale,” SFGATE 7 “Watson’s Career of Crime Makes Ghastly Record,” Edmonton Bulletin , May 12, 1920, 16 8 he established another business, this time a loan company, the Mercantile Agency Ltd. But, if one were to scrutinize the details of his daily life over these four years, it would become patently clear that Watson was not an average Edmontonian. A sense of paranoia seems to seep through everything, even things as mundane as his business. Its name changed several times, later becoming the Peoples Loan & Mortgage Company, as did its place of business, transferring location no more than four times in as many years, first from the Trent Apartments, to the McLeod Building, then to the Tegler Block, and the Arlington Apartments. Despite being a businessman, the Edmonton 9 Bulletin commented that he tried to avoid being photographed and he was reported to have “never used a pen when writing, but always a typewriter which he carried in a case.” Indeed, perhaps his paranoia was founded, as it was 10 time in the city of 59,000 that his career as a murderer took off. 11 For his four years in Edmonton, Watson was on the prowl, looking for lonely women to take advantage of and ultimately kill. “The rich, emotional women he liked the most, the ones who needed comforting and a little help spending their money. He didn’t just wine and dine them at expensive hotels — he endeared himself to the widowed ones with children,” recalled the Los Angeles Times His Modus Operandi was to target those in vulnerable 12 positions, with the ultimate intention of gaining their inheritance, often through marriage. In his time in Edmonton, he wooed prospective partners, regaining them with tales of being a self-described traveller and “extensive property in California, [and] Oakland, that he had to look after.” 13 Watson’s stories had already wooed one woman, a Ms. Katherine “Kate” Kruse, who is often cited as the first of his many wives. Kate was originally from Salem, Oregon, but had met James on a trip to San Francisco, where he had often frequented. They were married shortly after in Nelson, British Columbia, in June 1913. Kruse later told a 14 friend that “James certainly knew how to get married quietly. We were married without any of our friends knowing about it. My parents did not know of it until sometime afterwards.” They settled in Edmonton and she took a 15 prominent position within his business — which was later revealed to be a scam, trying to “sell 250,000 shares of phoney stock at 10 Cents each” — “as secretary-treasurer and director of the company.” As described by a 1922 16 17 report from Criminologists Ernest Bryant Hoag and Edward Huntington Williams : “Most of [James’] life he had been a salesman of one kind or another, frequently a traveling salesman and usually quite a successful one. At the beginning of the Great War he was in Canada living with his legal wife. At the time he was just starting a commercial agency, but at the outbreak of the war the government restrictions practically closed this business. This worried him to such an Henderson’s Edmonton City Directory , (1915, 1916, 1917, 1919) s.v. “Watson, James P.” 9 “City Police Send Result of Their Watson Inquiry: Los Angeles Authorities Are Told of 10 Edmonton Adventures of ‘Bluebeard’,” Edmonton Bulletin , May 3, 1920, 8. “Population History,” City of Edmonton, accessed March 16, 2020, https://www.edmonton.ca/ 11 city_government/facts_figures/population-history.aspx Cecilia Rasmussen, “Quiet Man Left Trail of Dead Wives,” Los Angeles Times , August 31, 12 1997, accessed March 15, 2020, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-aug-31- me-27732-story.html “Los Angeles Man Lived In Edmonton For Five Years,” Edmonton Journal , April 20, 1920. 13 “Salem Girl is Latest Victim of Bluebeard,” Oregon Daily Journal , April 14, 1920. 14 Chris Zdeb, “May 10, 1920: Serial Killer, Bigamist Had Ties To Edmonton,” Edmonton Journal, 15 May 10, 2014, accessed October 12, 2019, https://www.pressreader.com/canada/edmonton- journal/20140510/281547993912427. “Big Swindle Planned by Watson in Edmonton During 1916 Nipped Promptly by Alta. Utility 16 Board,” Edmonton Bulletin , May 15, 1920. “Big Swindle Planned,” Edmonton Bulletin 17 extent that he had a nervous breakdown. According to his statement, this nervous collapse occurred almost at the outbreak of the war and he remained more or less incapacitated for something over a year. During that time he was unable to perform any great amount of work without becoming utterly exhausted. During this time and in the period immediately following it, his wife noticed and commented upon the fact that he seemed to be a changed person--"different from what he had been." And he asserts that this period marked the change in his condition which resulted in his having the impulse to commit the crimes that followed later.” 18 Kate “kept the business going” and when James returned to health in or around 1915, he began to frequently leave 19 the province in “trips ranging in length from two weeks to two months.” They were ostensibly business-related, yet in his time away from Kate he managed to attracted two women, one from Calgary and one from Winnipeg, marrying each; he later admitted “it was fully three years after his marriage to the first Mrs. Watson before he began his crimes which later became so promiscuous.” Kate and James later ‘moved’ back to Salem, Oregon, although he 20 maintained his main presence in Edmonton, ultimately deserting his wife for unknown reasons, “without benefit of a divorce. At that, she was one of the lucky ones. As Watson summarized their relationship in his later confession; “No violence [was] attempted on her — [I] had impulse but was able to resist”.” She maintained frequent contact with 21 him until around April 28th, 1920 and seems to have remained in her Oregonian home, although gossip from the 22 time suggested she was interested in returning to Edmonton. 23 Watson was described as “about five-feet nine inches tall and weighed only 129 pounds. He had a face like the Buffalo nickel, aboriginal and colder than a quick-frozen fish. His sparse hair drooped over his high shiny forehead; the lower half of his face was all jaw, a square of flesh and bone and wide mouth rigidly mounted on a high celluloid collar. Subsequently, when he was stripped and examined, Watson’s secondary sex characteristics proved to be slightly feminine.” Perhaps, because of this, in his time in Edmonton his ‘lonely heart’ advertisements only 24 attracted one native of the city, a Ms. Agnes Gertrude Wilson, a recently adjusted Vancouverite “Agnes was very well known,” the Edmonton Journal recounted. “Prior to her leaving for Vancouver... she was a member of the Edmonton Operatic Society. In 1916, when that society produced “The Country Girl” at the Empire Theatre, she was a soprano in the chorus,” they continued. By all accounts Agnes was a progressive and dynamic 25 young woman, who was extremely active within Edmonton’s arts scene, frequently practicing in dances, vocal 26 Ernest Bryant Hoag, Edward Huntington Williams, “Case of J. P. Watson: the Modern 18 Bluebird,” Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology 12, no. 3, 348 (May 1921 to February 1922), 354, accessed March, 16, 2020, https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1803&context=jclc “Los Angeles Man,” Edmonton Journal 19 Hoag, Williams, “Case of J. P. Watson: the Modern Bluebird,” 356. 20 “James B. Watson,” Murderpedia. 21 Cameron, “The Horrifying Marriage Career,” Kimberley Bulletin 22 “Kathryn Kruse One of Many Wives of Bluebeard Watson May Come Back To Edmonton,” 23 Edmonton Journal , May 4, 1920. Jennings, “Murder is a Fine Art,” Esquire 24 “Sister of Agnes Wilson Recognizes Photograph of the King of Bigamists,” Edmonton Journal , 25 May 3, 1920. “In the Realm of Women by Penelope,” Edmonton Bulletin , January 21, 1914, 3. 26 recitals and community events, including an Edmonton Bulletin automobile raffle. Another Journal article later 27 28 said she “was a girl of pleasing personality and had a very fine contralto voice... She was an English girl, well educated and of superior mind, but worked for a long time as a maid in the family of... W.R. Boyle.” Sadly, in 1918 she met Watson under another fake name, Newton Harvey. They were married on September 20th, 1918 at St. Augustine’s Church in Vancouver. 29 The two were reported to have lived cordial but separate lives for their first few months as a couple. Despite Agnes being an ex-Edmontonian herself, ‘Newton’ never revealed to Agnes that that was where he actually resided and while she remained in Vancouver, he continued his life in Edmonton as James. Agnes was ignorant that her husband continued to dwell in her old hometown, a fact he hid by claiming to be a “United States secret service government detective,” who would have to be frequently out of the country. Her sister, a Mrs. Sillis of Bonnie Doon, later told the Journal that Agnes briefly returned to Edmonton on December 23rd, 1918 to visit family and friends over the Christmas season. She was requested by James to come ‘home’ to Vancouver shortly after. He surprised her with plans for a world-wide tour and to notify her friends and family that they should not expect to hear from either of them for quite some time. She did as she was bid and returned. Edmonton Police Department Acting Chief 30 Constable A.J. Shute — in a letter along with evidence sent to the Los Angeles Police Department, that was republished in the Bulletin — later wrote “the friends of Agnes Wilson have never heard of her since they received the enclosed Christmas card.” 31 Over the next several months Mrs. Sillis would receive the odd letter from Agnes describing her trips abroad — interestingly, they were always typewritten, never handwritten, with the only piece of cursive gracing them being her sister’s signature; “the signature is very plain and round, and could very easily be forged. The wording in some of the letters, Mrs. Sillis contends, were not in the language generally used by her sister,” the Journal explained. A 32 lull in letters soon followed, until seemingly out-of-the-blue arrived a series of postcards on the Sillis’ doorstep, allegedly detailing the magnificent sites Agnes had been privy to. However, they lacked any writing on them and were curiously sent from San Francisco, a destination the two weren’t supposed to be at the time, but that was frequented heavily by Watson. Several more months passed until her sister received the last letter with a mention of Agnes; her and ‘Newton’ were in South America and she should not expect to get any new messages for a long while. No word ever came from Agnes Gertrude Wilson again. It was revealed a year later that she had been forcefully drowned in the Spokane River. 33 Watson permanently left Edmonton in June 1919 to finally settle in California, the land he had impressed so many women with in the past. Shortly after his arrival he married yet another woman, Alice Ludvingston, and again 34 another, by the name of Nina Lee Delony in San Francisco. Watson’s lust for death had soon caught up with him, however, and a mistake was soon inevitable. Nina had discovered a letter Watson had kept with his personal belongings, originating from one of his many other wives and when she had the ‘audacity’ to ask him of its origins “In the Realm of Women by Penelope,” Edmonton Bulletin , January 18, 1913, 3. 27 “Bulletin's Automobile Contest Rapidly Draws Towards Its Conclusion: Next Monday Night at 8 28 O' Clock the Ballot Box Will be Turned over to the Judges,” Edmonton Bulletin , December 16, 1914, 8. “City Police Send Result,” Edmonton Bulletin 29 “Sister of Agnes,” Edmonton Journal 30 “City Police Send Result,” Edmonton Bulletin 31 “Sister of Agnes,” Edmonton Journal 32 “20-Year Puzzle of Bluebeard Watson’s Murder Loot Sealed by Death,” Minneapolis Star , 33 November 26, 1939. “20-Year Puzzle,” Minneapolis Star 34 he struck her. James later said “We quarrelled. I hit Nina with a hammer or axe. I put her body in a canvas bag and took it to the Borrego Valley and burned it.” 35 Yet, fittingly enough, it was one of the Bluebeard’s many wives that finally found him out and brought to justice. In March, 1919, a middle-aged woman appeared at the Nick Harris Detective Agency in Los Angeles and identified herself as a Mrs. Walter Andrew, the wife of a government agent by the name of Walter Andrew. “She confided that she was (a) afraid of her mysterious husband, (b) suspicious of a black satchel she couldn’t unlock, and (c) annoyed because he never explained where he went on frequent trips.” A cursory examination by J. B. Armstrong, the 36 agency manager, found there was no Walter Andrew employed by the federal government, and that his disappearances had coincided with a series of robberies in San Diego. As Esquire described: “Armstrong took a long chance and called in Lee Coûts and Harvey Bell, deputies from the sheriff’s office. On the morning of April 9, while the suspect was out taking a walk, the three men popped into the Andrew home and made a hurried inspection of the little black bag. At first glance it was disappointing. There were no shrunken human heads — not even a gun or a knife. But, in the light of subsequent investigation, there were instruments even more deadly. The satchel yielded a handful of wedding rings, a sheaf of marriage licenses, postal savings stamps, love letters good enough for True Confessions, telegrams arranging rendezvous with women in half a dozen states, receipts for stored furniture, miscellaneous jewelry and half a dozen wills, some signed and some blank. ” ‘Walter’ walked in and was arrested on the spot. “At the time of Watson's arrest, the officers found that he was carrying in his pockets, and in his various grips, many trinkets, rings and pieces of jewelry, and also written documents, such as marriage certificates, which were most incriminating. These articles were of no particular value intrinsically, and were the very things that the ordinary normal criminal would have taken great pains to destroy or conceal. Yet he carried these things about with him everywhere with apparently utter disregard of possible consequences.” However, Watson, “in his crafty, feline way,” knew the case against him was largely 37 circumstantial. Despite this, he twice tried to kill himself in police custody, twice failing. 38 With his trial set for late April 1920, the story of the “gnomish” and pathetic-looking man grabbed the public’s imagination unlike any before him. From Honolulu to Victoria to New York City, the descriptions of his exploits could be found on the pages of every major newspaper. In Edmonton, the city’s two leading papers, the Journal and Bulletin , speculated endlessly about him and his time there. When asked by the court how many wives he had, the number slipped his mind — he ultimately settled with “twelve or fifteen, maybe more.” When asked how many he 39 deliberately killed, he only replied “two” — he clarified with an unwavering coolness that he “ may have murdered more.” “Seven are listed as missing,” the Bulletin said of his many “accidentally murdered” wives, “including ... 40 two Canadian women, the other five being Nina Lee Deloney, killed with a hammer at Long Beach Calif.; Elizabeth Prior, whose head was crushed with a sledge hammer near Plum, Wash.; Bertha Goodnich, who was tipped out of a boat in Lake Washington, near Seattle; Miss Alice Ludvighon, drowned in a river in Idaho, and Mrs. Gertrude Wilson, of Seattle.” Gossip suggested that Watson “may have sold several of his wives into an immoral life below 41 “20-Year Puzzle,” Minneapolis Star 35 Jennings, “Murder is a Fine Art,” Esquire 36 Hoag, Williams, “Case of J. P. Watson: the Modern Bluebird,” 355. 37 “Much Married Man Held By Los Angeles Police May Be Former Resident of Edmonton,” 38 Edmonton Bulletin , April 19, 1920, 3. “‘Bluebeard’ Huirt Confesses To At Least Two Murders According To Report From Los 39 Angeles,” Edmonton Bulletin , May 1, 1920, 17. “‘Bluebeard’ Huirt Confesses,” Edmonton Bulletin 40 “‘Bluebeard’ Confesses,” Edmonton Bulletin 41 the Mexican border,” although these seem uncorroborated. Of his crimes, Watson told the court that “I’ve argued 42 with myself for years, trying to master the ungovernable desire to do the things I’ve done. Often I would ponder why I did them, and say I must go and ask to be put in an asylum and be cured; then something would say, don't do that but go on and on.” 43 Evidence of his time and activity in Alberta was crucial to building a case against him. His employers from his early years in the province told Californian authorities that Watson was “rather erratic, a very mild sort of person and an awful bore.” A lockbox was found at his old apartment in the Arlington — inside was a series of love letters to 44 Kate. Perhaps most damning of all was the testimony of Mrs. Sillis, the sister of Agnes Wilson. She was able to 45 confirm he was the man who had lured his sister away, as she had once met James, still masquerading as ‘Newton’, at the King Edward Hotel. 46 As Esquire again described: “District Attorney Woolwine was convinced Watson was a psychopathic killer. But all his sleuthing developed only the fact that Watson had married some twenty-two women, and that most of them had disappeared. They vanished so thoroughly that the police in five western states were unable to turn up a body. In this situation Woolwine was forced to make a deal. “Watson,” he said, “if you’ll show us a body, I will accept a guilty plea to one murder and ask the court for a life sentence.” “ One body?” Watson giggled.” “Yes — just one”.” 47 He led a procession of constables, forensic technicians, and Los Angeles Times reporters and photographers through the sand and grass, boulder laced Borrego Valley foothills. Stoping, he simply pointed to the ground and the body of Nina Lee Delony was exhumed. On May 10th, Watson was finally sentenced by Judge Frank B. Willis of the Los Angeles Superior Court to life imprisonment in San Quentin. He was spared the electric chair. All-in-all Charles 48 Gillian or Dan Holden or Newton Harvey or Walter Andrew or James P. Watson is believed to have had twenty five wives, around half of which were killed or remain missing to this day. While he confessed to nine deaths the 49 widely accepted belief is that he was responsible for upwards of fifteen, but the remote disposal locations makes confirmation an impossible task. The local context of the Bluebeard’s murders has often sparked curiosity, at both the time to the present, to whether he killed anyone in Edmonton during his four year time here. One woman often implicated within his story is a Westmount and Strathcona High School teacher by the name of Miss Felicia Graham. “Graham’s [disappearance] begins on the unusually cold afternoon of November 15, 1918,” writes Kathryn MacLean and Molly Staley. “Dressed in a luxurious fur coat, she left the Le Marchand Mansion to walk across the High Level Bridge — supposedly to a south side shelter for Edmonton victims of the 1918 Spanish flu epidemic. But upon reaching the “Murder Clew In Bigamy Tangle,” Los Angeles Herald , April 14, 1920. 42 20-Year Puzzle,” Minneapolis Star 43 Jennings, “Murder is a Fine Art,” Esquire 44 Zdeb, “May 10, 1920: Serial Killer, Bigamist .” 45 “Sister of Agnes Wilson,” Edmonton Journal 46 Jennings, “Murder is a Fine Art,” Esquire 47 “Arch Bigamist and Confessed Slayer of Seven Women Sent to San Quentin by Judge Willis,” 48 Edmonton Bulletin , May 11, 1920, 5. “Arch Bigamist and Confessed Slayer,” Edmonton Bulletin 49 Bridge, a witness reported that when she reached the middle — she disappeared!” Had she met James on the way? 50 That’s what rumour likes to insinuate. She was well-educated, well off, from a wealthy Ontario family, was strikingly beautiful, and was later reported by the Public School Board to have been “suffering severe mental depression” after a bout of Influenza, fitting his preferences to a tee. However, a casual examination quickly 51 dispels the idea. “Her father, a wealthy farmer from Lindsay, Ontario,... published ads in newspapers across the country and in New England — offering a hefty reward for news of her. False sightings of Felicia flooded in from across the Prairies,” although, the sizeable $500 bounty remained unclaimed. Likewise, Watson — as far as we 52 53 know — only targeted women he had married and there is no evidence the two ever had contact. Although gruesomely enticing to add her to the list, her death was assuredly far from related. Her body was later found downstream, north of Vermilion, the following May. The coroner’s report labeled it an “accidental drowning,” 54 Perhaps, in part of her depression she was suicidal, but in all likelihood she fell simply from the bridge. Despite this the rumour of her being one of the Bluebeard’s victims persists to this day. Watson arrived in San Quentin on May 17th. Of his arrival the Los Angeles Times slyly proclaimed “his next wedding is some time away.” In days at the prison Esquire Magazine described him as such: 55 “[He] was such a nice man. He had a voice like a cooing dove and he smiled like a deacon eyeing the collection plate. He never smoked, took a drink or used blasphemy. The last time I saw him he was feeding crumbs to the linnets that flew to the ledge outside his window. He whispered to them softly, stroked their feathers and tamed them. Later, when no one was there, he would slide his long fingers around their soft little necks and twist. When the tiny bone cracked and their heads hung limp, a glow came into his eyes, the phosphorescence of a dark, turgid sea, and the veins in his neck swelled and receded with the tide of his secret. He wrote beautiful poetry in his spare time...” 56 Through his murders, the Minneapolis Star estimated Watson was able to accumulate upwards of $200,000 though insurance and inheritance, yet they noted that upon his passing on October 15th, 1939, the location of this vast wealth was still unknown. The paper closed: 57 “ In prison the inmates were so mean to the Bluebeard that he had to be taken from the ordinary cell- block and given a room in the tuberculous ward where he became a sympathetic and efficient nurse, finally dying of a lung disease known as bronchiectasis. Watson left letters and a “treasure chest” to be opened after his death, which would explain everything. Then he died with a smile — Well he might have smiled because the letters were nothing but perfunctory thanks for the medical care, and the “treasure chest” held only rejected manuscripts, telling the story of his life, but nothing that was not already known.” 58 Kathryn MacLean, Molly Staley, “The Strange Disappearance Of Felicia Graham, Edmonton 50 City As A Museum , July 21, 2014, accessed October 15, 2019, https://citymuseumedmonton.ca/ 2014/07/21/the-strange-disappearance-of-felicia-graham/ “No Trace of Miss Felicia Graham, Missing Strathcona High Teacher,” Edmonton Bulletin , 51 November 19, 1918, 3 MacLean, Staley, “The Strange Disappearance.” 52 “Please Find: $500 Reward,” Edmonton Bulletin , December 3, 1918, 2. 53 “Accidental Drawing Finding Of Coroners Report,” Edmonton Bulletin , May 8, 1919, 10. 54 “His Next Wedding is Some Time Away,” Los Angeles Times , May 18, 1920. 55 Jennings, “Murder is a Fine Art,” Esquire 56 20-Year Puzzle,” Minneapolis Star 57 20-Year Puzzle,” Minneapolis Star 58