How to read DICOM A simple question? • How do radiologists do their work? • How does “data” factor into their work? Radiologist analyze data Image data Radiologist Report PDF How data factor in? • Like any other discipline, they must make valuable insights by analyzing data. Insight Data • 9 - 10 hour shifts: • 100s of cases per day • Sample workload: • 70 x - ray scans • 10 CT scans • 2 MRIs • Trauma cases: • 3,500 images to 4,500 images • Lung CT: • 200 - 400 images Too much data, too little time • Loading Data • Extracting Pixel Values • Plot values as image or graph Upstream • DICOM (.dcm) • Nifity (.nii) • HL7 Data Preprocessing What is DICOM? • Data structure and network protocol • File extension • .dcm • .dicom • Stores image data • Interoperability - > Transmits, stores, retrieves, prints, processes, displays medical images, network protocol = D igital I maging and Co mmunications in M edicine Data Structure • Key – value pair • (Group, data element) • (0028, 0011) - > Columns • (0028, 1052) - > Rescale Intercept • Image , Rescale Intercept http://dicomlookup.com/getpdf2016.asp DICOM (tag group, element group) 0002, 0010) Transfer Syntax UID UI: Explicit VR Little Endian (0002, 0012) Implementation Class UID UI: 1.3.6.1.4.1.9590.100.1.3.100.9.4 (0002, 0013) Implementation Version Name SH: 'MATLAB IPT 9.4' ------------------------------------------------- (0008, 0005) Specific Character Set CS: 'ISO_IR 100' (0008, 0008) Image Type CS: ['ORIGINAL', 'PRIMARY', 'AXIAL', 'HELICAL'] (0008, 0012) Instance Creation Date DA: '0' (0008, 0013) Instance Creation Time TM: '174459.843' (0008, 0016) SOP Class UID UI: CT Image Storage • https://www.leadtools.com/help/sdk/v20/dicom/api/overview - basic - dicom - file - structure.html • http://dicom.nema.org/dicom/2013/output/chtml/part05/sect_3.10.html Preamble Prefix Data element 128 byte preamble characters DICM File Meta Information What is DICOM? • Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine • Image in DICOM format • .dicom or .dcm • 2D grayscale image • Transmits, stores, retrieves, prints, processes, displays medical images, network protocol • used by all forms of imaging: X - ray, CT, MRI, Ultrasound, PET scans, etc. CT image is composed of cross sectional slices are stocked 200 to 400 slices CT image is composed of cross sectional slices are stocked 200 to 400 slices