Specimina Philologiae Slavicae ∙ Band 61 (eBook - Digi20-Retro) Verlag Otto Sagner München ∙ Berlin ∙ Washington D .C. Digitalisiert im Rahmen der Kooperation mit dem DFG- Projekt „Digi20“ der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek, München. OCR-Bearbeitung und Erstellung des eBooks durch den Verlag Otto Sagner: http://verlag.kubon-sagner.de © bei Verlag Otto Sagner. Eine Verwertung oder Weitergabe der Texte und Abbildungen, insbesondere durch Vervielfältigung, ist ohne vorherige schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages unzulässig. «Verlag Otto Sagner» ist ein Imprint der Kubon & Sagner GmbH. Christopher B. Roberts (Hrsg.) The Slavonic Calvinist Reading-Primer in Trinity College Dublin Library Teil 1 Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access 00047137 SPECIMINA PHILOLOGIAE SLAVICAE Herausgegeben von Olexa Horbatsch und Gerd Freidhof Band 61 THE SLAVONIC CALVINIST READING-PRIMER IN T R I N I T Y .COLLEGE * ff ו DUBLIN-LIBRARY A facsimile edition with an introduction by C.B. Roberts VERLAG OTTO SAGNER • MÜNCHEN 1986 Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access f y m Bayerische 8 t« a tfb ífc lio lh e k München ISBN 3-87690-327-0 Copyright by Verlag Otto Sagner, München 1986 Abteilung der Firma Kubon und Sagner, Müncher Druck: Mauersberger, Inh. M. Diebel, Marburc Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access 00047137 CONTENTS P r e f a c e .............................................................................................................. V T r a n s c r i p t i o n ............................................................................................... V I I I n t r o d u c t i o n .............................................................................................. IX A p p e n d i x : E r r a t a a n d a d d e n d a ..................................................... XXIV R e f e r e n c e s ....................................................................................................XXIX F a c s i m i l e o f T r i n i t y C o l l e g e D u b l i n L i b r a r y ms. n o . 1 6 8 4 / 1 6 9 4 Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access a * ״ * jytxLiåll J Æ n v . IV r ffnrpj Vi 15■Í C ^ . ^ V |/|• \ 1 ז ,* j L j n a W 7»Дj , ״ # 5 Г л ЕГЯ S F f c k^íL j L * « J S C - * ״. W *4 ■•* ► י Г י״- * - t a \ р Л Я І Н ״ ■ е л ' «יו S t ты т -•ו Ж и г и 4 Ш ш п IV v:1 rAł û'■ * S w . uk:. Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access 00047137 PREFACE Ī had been aware s in c e the e a r l y 1970's o f the e x i s t e n c e in th e L ib ra ry of T r i n i t y College Dublin o f a small number o f S la v o n ic m a n u s c r i p t s , c l a s s i f i e d i n A b b o t t(1900) under the numbers 1684, 1685 and ( i n the addenda) 1694. Abbott, however, a s c r i b e d th e s e to the " S e r v ia n " language, and s in c e South Slavonic was not a t t h a t time i n my immediate f i e l d o f i n t e r e s t s , I did not pursue any i n v e s t i g a t i o n i n t o them. I t was only when, d u r i n g h e r v i s i t to Dublin i n 1981 in p u r s u i t of S lav on ic m a nu sc rip ts f o r the union c a t a l o g u e , the l a t e P r o f e s s o r Anne Pennington p o in te d out to me t h e i r t r u e n a t u r e , t h a t 1 tu rn ed to t h e i r s e r i o u s s t u d y . For t h a t r e a s o n , t h e r e f o r e , t h i s e d i t i o n i s d e d ic a t e d to h e r memory. Ms. 1685, d e s c r i b e d by Abbottas "Psalms and Hymns", i s a w e l l - u s e d copy of a Russian Church Slavonic h o r o l o g io n . Mss. 1684 and 1694, which a r e bound t o g e t h e r and a r e , in deed, one work, a r e i n v i r t u a l l y p r i s t i n e c o n d i t i o n . A b b o t td e s c r ib e s them a s , r e s p e c t i v e l y , a "Grammar" and a "Form of S e r v ic e of Vespers w ith S e v e ral Psalms, T r a n s l a t i o n of th e Confessio B elgica (and) Short I n s t r u c t i o n i n the C h r i s t i a n F a i t h in q u e s t i o n and answer". The f a c s i m i l e h ere p u b lis h e d i s o f mss. 1684 and 1694. Many a s p e c t s o f t h i s t e x t tu rn ed out to be new ground f o r me, and any completeness of a n a l y s i s which th e i n t r o d u c t i o n may achieve i s i n no small measure due t o much a p p r e c i a t e d help from c o l l e a g u e s , p a r t i c u l a r l y Dr Ralph Cleminson and Fr Alexander Nadson a t a meeting o f the Slavonic and East European Medieval S tu d ie s Group in Cambridge i n November 1982 (and s u b s e q u e n t l y ) , and Dr Gerald Stone and P r o f e s s o r I . P. Foote who k i n d l y allowed roe to peruse a d r a f t a r t i c l e subm itted t o Oxford Slavo n ic Papers by Yu. Begunov. Any i n a c c u r a c i e s o r m i s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s a r e of course e n t i r e l y my own r e s p o n s i b i l i t y . M y thanks a r e a l s o due to Dr B i l l Ryan who f i r s t suggested an e d i t i o n of th e t e x t , the Board of T r i n i t y College Dublin f o r p e r m i s s io n t o p u b l i s h the m a n u s c r i p t s , t o Dr Bernard Meehan, Keeper of M a n u s c r ip t s , f o r h i s help on v a r i o u s f r o n t s , t o the T r i n i t y College Dublin T r u s t f o r f i n a n c i a l a s s i s t a n c e , and t o Miriam N esto r who produced the camera- ready copy of t h i s p r e f a c e and i n t r o d u c t i o n . Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access An a l p h a b e t i c a l w o r d - l i s t f o r the c o n f e s s i o n and c a t e c h i s m s e c t i o n s o f the m anuscript has been p rep ared and w i l l be p u b lis h e d as a s e p a r a t e volume of Specimina P h i l o l o g i a e S l a v i c a e in 1986 or e a r l y І987. C. B. Roberts J u l y / O c t o b e r 1985 T. K• A bbott, Catalogue of the MSS. i n the L i b r a r y o f T r i n i t y College Dublin . . . , Dublin and London 1900. Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access 00047137 TRANSCRIPTION Q u o ta ti o n from the m a n u s c r ip ts has been typed w i t h an IBM Old Church Slavo n ic g o l f - b a l l head, ex cept f o r l e t t e r s ft, ы , ю, я (Modern Russian h e a d ) . S u p e r s c r i p t l e t t e r s a r e brought down to the l i n e and i t a l i c i s e d u s i n g a Modem Russian i t a l i c head: t h u s , th e v a r i o u s forms of s u p e r s c r i p t T , and s u p e r s c r i p t 0 and w a r e t r a n s c r i b e d by the same c h a r a c t e r , ffl and о r e s p e c t i v e l y . In the H e l s i n k i ms. f i n a l j e r - s i g n s are a p p a r e n t l y used a r b i t r a r i l y : we have r e s t r i c t e d the use o f ь to m anuscript forms where the stem does not r i s e above the l i n e or have a hook to th e l e f t , and of th e s i n g l e - s t e m 1 , of в , o f A, e t c • a r e n o t d i s t i n g u i s h e d ; d i a c r i t i c s ( t h e r e a r e no r e g u l a r s t r e s s markings) a r e o m itte d . The t i t l o i s r e t a i n e d and o m itte d l e t t e r s a r e not r e i n s t a t e d the v a r i o u s forms have used l Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access INTRODUCTION The Dating and Provenance of a s s . 1684/1694 The volume r e p r e s e n t e d by mss. 1684 and 1694 was given to T r i n i t y C ollege i n December 1706 by an alumnus c a l l e d Alexander Jephson. This gentleman g ra d u a te d B.A. i n 1685, but from then u n t i l 1703 n o t h i n g i s known about h i s l i f e . At t h a t d a te he appears as m aster of th e f r e e ( i . e . p a r i s h ) school of Camberwell, South London and t h e r e i s evidence t h a t he was c u r a t e of the p a r i s h ( S t . G i le s ) a t t h a t time; e x t a n t r e c o r d s show him as c u r a t e from 1708 to 1710; he was succeeded as m aster o f the school i n 1713. There i s no evidence t h a t he had o r i e n t a l i s t i n t e r e s t s o r o t h e r re aso n s f o r a c q u i r i n g th e m anu script o r even t h a t he t r a v e l l e d on the C o n t i n e n t. The f u r t h e s t we can go in t r a c i n g th e m a n u s c r i p t ' s r o u t e to Dublin i s to n o te t h a t i t may have had a p re v io u s owner: the i n i t i a l s IS are i n s c r i b e d twice on the f r o n t c o v e r. There i s no o t h e r e x t e r n a l i n f o r m a t io n about the provenance, d a te of composition or a u t h o r s h i p o f the document, and we must t u r n to p u r e l y i n t e r n a l evidence in an a tte m p t to e l u c i d a t e them. T e c h n ic a l a s p e c t s The m anuscript c o n s i s t s o f 196 p ag es, formed from e le v e n 16-page g a t h e r i n g s , one 12-page and f i n a l l y two 4-page g a t h e r i n g s . Each g a t h e r i n g i s numbered on i t s f i r s t page i n c y r i l l i c by the s c r i b e of th e main t e x t . I t i s i n t e r e s t i n g to n o te t h a t , given th e d e c r e a s i n g s i z e of the g a t h e r i n g s , the s c r i b e ( t h e r e i s only one) seems to have misjudged how many pages he r e q u i r e d as he neared th e end of the work: a l a r g e s e c t i o n (about f i v e p a g e s ' worth) o f t e x t i s o m itte d a t page 180 and from page 181 t h e r e i s c l e a r evidence o f s p a c e - s a v i n g : * a b b r e v i a t i o n s i n c r e a s e i n number, and th e f r e q u e n t word штвѴгъ ( t h i s i s a catechism s e c t i o n ) no lon g er g e t s a l i n e to i t s e l f . Yet fo u r pages are l e f t blank a t the end. One wonders why the s c r i b e could not have used a second 12-page g a t h e r i n g i n s t e a d of the two 4-page ones, o r added a n o th e r 4-page g a t h e r i n g : one e x p l a n a t i o n f o r th e s e r a t h e r d i s p a r a t e f e a t u r e s could be t h a t the o r i g i n a l purpose f o r which the m an u script was b e in g compiled was a b r u p t l y abandoned and t h a t the Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access s c r i b e wished to complete i t i n moderately good o r d e r . Arabic-numeral p a g i n a t i o n , i n p e n c i l , has been added a t the top o u t e r c o r n e r of each page, probably d u rin g the l a t e 19th century c a t a l o g u i n g p r o c e s s . A ll r e f e r e n c e s a r e to t h i s p a g i n a t i o n , which i s i n b r a c k e t s in the f a c s i m i l e . The b i n d i n g i s w ith wooden b o a r d s , covered i n l e a t h e r w ith a simple bo rd er d e c o r a t i o n w ith c e n t r a l m e d a l l i o n s , i n a s i m i l a r manner t o , f o r example, th e chasovniki of 1626 and 1633 which a r e i n the B r i t i s h L i b r a r y i n London. There a r e s l i g h t t r a c e s o f two small c l a s p s . The s p i n e , w ith the i n s c r i p t i o n 1,Servian Grammar", d a t e s from 1902 when the volume was vamped. The paper i s uniform th ro ug h ou t, w ith a S t r a s b u r g L i l y watermark and a countermark in the form of a c ro ss over the i n i t i a l s LR: the former s u g g e s ts a date 1680-1700 and provenance Holland or London altho u gh a s i m i l a r mark has been dated as e a r l y as 1625. The c o u n t e r - 2 mark s u g g e s t s l a t e 17th c e n t u r y , and England. There was, of c o u r s e , an e x t e n s i v e t r a d e in paper to Muscovy i n the l a t e 17th c e n t u r y . The pages a r e approximately 240 x 180 mm, w ith 17 l i n e s p e r page a t 11 m m sp a c in g and c a . 110 m m long. W r i t i n g - l i n e s and margins were o r i g i n a l l y s c o r e d . L e t t e r s a r e u s u a l l y a b a s i c 3 m m h i g h , w ith f o r example p going a n o th e r 6 m m below the l i n e . I n i t i a l s a r e u s u a l l y a b a s i c 5 o r 6 mm, alth ou g h in the second s e c t i o n (a s e r v i c e of v e s p e r s ) one o r two a r e up to 30 m m high and occupy 3 l i n e s of w r i t i n g . Red i s used f o r t i t l e s of s e c t i o n s (except f o r the i n i t i a l l e t t e r ) , the i n i t i a l l e t t e r s of the i n v o c a t i o n , o f the a l p h a b e t , and of each s e t of 2 - l e t t e r and 3 - l e t t e r s y l l a b l e s , the i n i t i a l and each s e p a r a t e l e t t e r of the paragraph with the names of the l e t t e r s ( p . 16), the t i t l e (except f o r the i n i t i a l ) and i n d i v i d u a l l e t t e r s of the a b b r e v i a t e d forms ( p p . 17-19), th e t i t l e (except f o r the i n i t i a l ) of the numerals paragraph and the n of посвиоужв ( p . 1 9 ) , th e t i t l e (except f o r the i n i t i a l ) and the i n i t i a l l e t t e r of each term i n the 1p ro so d y1 paragraph ( p . 2 0 ) , th e i n i t i a l l e t t e r s of p r a y e r s , psalms and t h e i r t i t l e s , d o x o l o g ie s , and l i t u r g i c a l d i r e c t i o n s i n the v e sp e rs s e c t i o n ( p p . 2 1 -4 2 ), the numbers and i n i t i a l s of each a r t i c l e in the c o n f e s s i o n ( p p . 45-153), the words копросъ and иглЕѣтг and the t i t l e s of s u b - s e c t i o n s i n the catechism ( p p .155-192). This use o f red corresponds c l o s e l y to t h a t in 17th century Moscow-printed e d i t i o n s . Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access The t e x t The t e x t i s i n the form of th e r e a d in g primer common i n the East S la v o n ic a r e a i n the 17th ce n tu ry f o r which th e term , b u k v a r ' ' i s used• I t c o n s i s t s o f a c o m p ila t io n o f f o u r s e c t i o n s : 1. Н а ѵ а л н о е оѵѵвнѴв у ( 6 ) л ( о в ѣ ) кшиъ *отАщииг о у у н т и с ж к н и г г в ( о ) ж е с т в е н а г ш п и с а н ï a : pages 9-20 2. Наѵало в е ѵ е р н и в л ( а ) г ( о ) с ( л о ) в п в ш в і е р е ю : pages 21-42 3. П е р е в о д * с ъ н с п о в ѣ [ д н ] в€ры н е д е р л л н с к п д г ц ( е ) р к в е й , eb p t v b к а л ь в п н с к п ^ ъ : pages 45-153 4• К р а т к о е осА^анѴв 5 р ( и ) с т Ѵ г ־ан с к Ѵ е в і р ы : pages 155-192 Pages 1-2, 4 -8 , 43-44, 154, 193-196 a r e b l a n k . Page 3 c o n t a i n s the L a t i n i n s c r i p t i o n r e c o r d i n g the g i f t o f the book to T r i n i t y C ollege. 1 Н а ѵ а л н о e оуѵвнѴе The f i r s t s e c t i o n o f our t e x t corresponds c l o s e l y t o primers b e lon g ing to Group 4 i n a proposed c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of East Slavonic 3 p rim ers by Cleminson This group c o n t a i n s e x c l u s i v e l y Moscow im p r in ts of th e second h a l f of the 17th ce n tu ry and i s c h a r a c t e r i s e d by s h o r t n e s s (one 16-page g a t h e r i n g ) and c o n te n t s ( l i n g u i s t i c s e c t i o n o n l y ) . The t h r e e e x t a n t e d i t i o n s which Cleminson has t r a c e d a r e dated 1669, 1688 and 1698. The Dublin m anuscript follows them c l o s e l y bo th i n a c t u a l wording and p a r t i c u l a r l y i n the sequence of s u b - s e c t i o n s : t i t l e - i n v o c a t i o n - 2 - l e t t e r s y l l a b l e s - 3 - l e t t e r s y l l a b l e s w ith p - names of l e t t e r s - a b b r e v i a t e d forms pod t i t l a m i - numerals - a c c e n ts and p u n c t u a t i o n . The 1669 e d i t i o n d i f f e r s from our t e x t only by o m i t t i n g У в л о в Ъ к о и г from the t i t l e , by having the p o st- N ik o n ia n form i n ( с у ) с г i n the i n v o c a t i o n , by having an a d d i t i o n a l , embellished l e t t e r a and a t a i l e d form o f ן i n th e a l p h a b e t , and a d i f f e r e n t o r d e r a t the end o f the a l p h a b e t , and by having some minor d i f f e r e n c e s i n th e a b b r e v i a t i o n s pod t i t l a m i (where th e Dublin manuscript has the 'do u ble - i ' form of , J e s u s ' , th e only time t h i s o c c u r s ) . The 1688 e d i t i o n has ѵ е л о в ѣ к о и і i n the t i t l e , but a d i f f e r e n t i n v o c a t i o n ; i t has t h r e e forms of the l e t t e r a and two of Я i n th e a l p h a b e t , th e o r d e r o f which i s as i n 1669; i n the forms pod t i t l a m i t h e r e a r e minor d i f f e r e n c e s from the Dublin v e r s i o n , but th e s e do not n e c e s s a r i l y c o in c id e w ith those of the 1669 e d i t i o n . The 1698 e d i t i o n i s very c l o s e to the 1688 e d i t i o n . 00047137 -XI- Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access Of Che d i v e r g e n c i e s from Group 4 e d i t i o n s p erhaps th e most fundamental i s Che l e C C e r - o r d e r a t Che end of Che a l p h a b e t . There i s , however, a h ig h d eg ree of v a r i a b i l i c y i n t h i s a r e a even w i t h i n C le m in s o n 's groups and s u b g r o u p s , and t h i s p a r t i c u l a r f e a t u r e t h e r e f o r e i s i n s i g n i f i c a n t by comparison w ith th e d i v e r g e n c e s from th e l i n g u i s t i c s e c t i o n s of e d i t i o n s from o t h e r gro u p s. The Dublin m a n u s c r i p t , i n common w i t h Group 4, has no r e v e r s e - o r d e r a l p h a b e t , no random-ord er a l p h a b e t , no morphological paradigm s , no a c r o s t i c , no 3 ־l e t t e r s y l l a b l e s w ith л ( a l l as i n Moscow 1637); th e t i t l e does not i n c l u d e the word ,Б у к в а р ь ' and t h e r e a r e no r e a d i n g p a s s a g e s between the forms pod t i t l a m i and th e numerals ( a s i n Moscow 1657, 1664). The so u rc e f o r t h e f i r s t s e c t i o n i s probably t h e r e f o r e a Moscow s h o r t - f o r m a t p r i m e r o f th e second h a l f o f the 17th c e n t u r y . I f only because o f t h e i n v o c a t i o n , one i s i n c l i n e d t o s u g g e s t t h a t i t may be an i m p r i n t c l o s e r t o 1669 than to 1688, o r a t l e a s t p r i o r t o the l a t t e r . 2. Н а ѵ а л о в е ѵ е р н п The second s e c t i o n i s a s e r v i c e of ve sp e rs taken from a c h a s o v n ik . The h i s t o r y o f p r i n t e d c h a s o v n i k i ( d e s i g n a t e d by t h i s t i t l e 4 as by, f o r example, Zernova (1958) ) b a s i c a l l y spans th e p e r i o d from t h e very end o f th e 16th c e n tu r y to the Nikonian r e f o r m s . The chasovnik then seems to have been d i s c o n t i n u e d in f a v o u r of th e more e x t e n s i v e and d e t a i l e d c h a soslo v and s l u z h e b n i k . According to Zernova, the l a s t Moscow chasovnik (so d e s i g n a t e d ) was p r i n t e d i n 1654. However, o u t s i d e Muscovy c h a so v n ik i c o n ti n u e d to be p r i n t e d , f o r example i n Mogilev i n 1701 and 1713. The 1701 Mogilev e d i t i o n , o f which t h e r e i s a copy i n th e B r i t i s h L i b r a r y , e x p l i c i t l y s t a t e s t h a t i t i s based on two p r e - N ik o n ia n Moscow c h a s o v n i k i , o f 1615 and o f the p e r io d 1645-1652. I t would ap p ear t h a t th e use o f p r e - N i k o n ia n chasovniki i n the p r e p a r a t i o n o f t h e s e e d i t i o n s was s i g n i f i c a n t f o r t h e i r in t e n d e d u s e r s , presumably Old B e l i e v e r s o f th e w e s t e r n m i g r a ti o n (see Marchadier 19775) . Close stu d y o f th e s t r u c t u r a l , morphological and o r t h o g r a p h i c a l f e a t u r e s o f our m a n u s c r i p t and o f a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s e l e c t i o n of m o s t l y , b u t n o t e x c l u s i v e l y , Moscow chasovniki allow s us to i d e n t i f y th e so urce o f th e former as Muscovite, and o f t h e e a r l y 1640s. 00047137 -XII- Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access I t i s p o s s i b l e , of c o u rse , t h a t t h i s may n o t be a d i r e c t s o u r c e , s i n c e t h e comment i n the Mogilev 1701 e d i t i o n s u g g e s t s t h a t i n the B e l o r u s s i a n / L i t h u a n i a n a r e a , p r e - N i k o n i a n c h a s o v n i k i were c o p ie d and even r e p r i n t e d , and t h a t such a work could be t h e d i r e c t so u rc e of our m a n u s c r ip t. There a r e two major changes o r o m ission s made by o u r s c r i b e : between the p r a y e r of S t . Athenogenes and t h e e v e n in g p r a y e r (p. 36) t h e r e a r e no v a r i a t i o n s f o r each day o f th e week, and on page 42 the t e x t breaks o f f w ith ab o u t 190 words t o go, i n c l u d i n g the p r a y e r o f S t . Ephraim and th e d i s m i s s a l / b e n e d i c t i o n s e c t i o n (which i n d i c a t e s m u l t i p l e o b e i s a n c e s ) . I t would have been p o s s i b l e t o f i t t h i s l a t t e r pa ssa g e i n to t h e t h r e e and t h r e e - q u a r t e r pages which were l e f t b l a n k b e f o r e th e t h i r d s e c t i o n of t h e m a n u s c r ip t. W e may i n t e r p r e t th e s e omissions i n th e l i g h t o f th e C a l v i n i s t n a t u r e o f the t h i r d and f o u r t h s e c t i o n s , as b e i n g due r e s p e c t i v e l y to t h e absence i n reformed churches o f d a i l y s e r v i c e s on a r e g u l a r b a s i s , and to th e i n a p p r o p r i a t e n e s s o f m u l t i p l e o b e i s a n c e s f o r the form of worship p r a c t i s e d by th o se c h u r c h e s . Perhaps i t was in t e n d e d t o e l a b o r a t e a more a p p r o p r i a t e b e n e d i c t i o n s e c t i o n f o r the end o f the s e r v i c e , which was n e v e r completed. Of im p o rta n c e , however, i s the f a c t t h a t an e s s e n t i a l l y Orthodox form o f worship ( a l t h o u g h the high p r o p o r t i o n of Psalms i n t h i s p a r t i c u l a r s e r v i c e could be seen as ecumenical) and a p r e - N i k o n i a n s o u r c e were chosen. One may a l s o no te here t h a t the b e g in n in g o f th e s e r v i c e of v e s p e r s was a common c o n s t i t u e n t of the r e a d i n g s e c t i o n o f E a s t S la v o n ic p r i m e r s ; however, the L o r d ' s Pray er i s a l s o f r e q u e n t i n w e s t e r n p r i m e r s . 3. П е р е в о д * с г и с п о в ѣ д н в £ р ы ; К р а т к о е о с А ^ а н Ve * р и с т Ѵ ь а н с к Ѵ е в£ры The t h i r d and f o u r t h s e c t i o n s of o u r m a n u s c r ip t may be ta ken t o g e t h e r . The t h i r d s e c t i o n c o n s i s t s o f a t r a n s l a t i o n i n t o r a t h e r d e f e c t i v e Russian Church Slav o nic of th e B e l g ie C o n f e s s io n as approved by the Synod o f Dort i n 1618/19. T h is was o r i g i n a l l y composed i n French about 1560 and th e n soon t r a n s l a t e d i n t o L a t i n , Dutch and German. The f o u r t h s e c t i o n c o n s i s t s of a s i m i l a r t r a n s l a t i o n of a s ho rte n e d v e r s i o n o r compendium o f th e H e i d e l b e r g Cathechism, which was i t s e l f o r i g i n a l l y composed i n German, a g a i n 00047137 -XIII- Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access ab o u t 1560, w i t h t r a n s l a t i o n s i n t o L a t i n , Dutch and Greek. The H e i d e l b e r g Catechism was s i m i l a r l y approved by the Synod o f D o r t.^ I t should be noted t h a t th e B e l g ie C o n fession and H eid elb erg Catechism were e f f e c t i v e l y a c c e p te d on ly i n th e Low C o u n trie s where th ey formed the d o c t r i n a l b a s i s of t h e Dutch Reformed Church: th e p r e s e n c e a t the Synod o f Dort o f th e o l o g i a n s from England, S w i t z e r l a n d , th e P a l a t i n a t e , Hesse and Bremen had no i n f l u e n c e on t h e i r a c c e p ta n c e i n t h o s e la nds o r e l s e w h e r e . In p a r t i c u l a r , no t h e o l o g i a n s a t t e n d e d from th e P o l i s h - L i t h u a n i a n C a l v i n i s t churches. The use o f the s h o r t e n e d v e r s i o n o f th e catechism u n d e r l i n e s the Dutch c o n n e c t i o n , as a g a i n i t s c u r r e n c y and acceptance was r e s t r i c t e d t o t h i s a r e a . L i n g u i s t i c a l l y a l s o , t h e r e a r e c l e a r i n d i c a t i o n s t h a t the t r a n s l a t i o n was made from the Dutch v e r s i o n of the c o n f e s s io n and s h o r t e n e d c a te c h is m : th u s и а г и е т и е т ш в г 64 f o r Dutch m ahum entisten, d e s p i t e 17th c e n t u r y Russian м а г (о )м е т а н е (compare in the French v e r s i o n mahometans , i n the L a t i n m ahum etani) , пренрецівнниновъ 85, 134, 147 f o r t h e Dutch W ederdooperen (French a n a b a p tis te s , L a t i n A n a b a p tista * * * 9 н а с л ѣ д Ѵ л 81 f o r Dutch n a v o lg in g ( " i m i t a t i o n " ) , н в п ^ ѵ в г о 97 f o r от n i e t (which r e a l l y means " g r a t i s , f o r n o thin g" although от o f t e n has a c a u s a l v a l u e ) , т о ѵ і ю 131 f o r a l l e e n ("only" i s om itted i n t h e French and L a t i n v e r s i o n s ) , and the erroneous t r a n s l a t i o n * т а к о ж д е 146 f o r t e vo o rd eren (2 0 th c e n tu r y s p e l l i n g t e vo rd eren " t o advance": compare Dutch v o o rd e r " t h e r e f o r e " ) . F u r th e r evidence f o r a Dutch o r i g i n a l may be seen i n th e use of 3rd person p l u r a l > ^ 9 * 121 f o r Dutch 8y ( L a t i n г і і а ) , and i n к о г о в г ѵ е с т п ниѣти 125 f o r i n a a h tin g e . . t e hebben ( L a t i n h o n o r ific e s e n t i r e ) . In p l a c e s t h e r e i s ev idence o f r e f e r e n c e t o the L a t i n v e r s i o n ( e . g . п р а в д а в ж Ѵ а f o r Dutch de w a e r h e y t , L a t i n Dei v e r i t a s ) . There i s a n o t h e r copy o f t h i s t r a n s l a t i o n of the c o n f e s s i o n and s h o r t e n e d c a te c h is m i n H e l s i n k i U n i v e r s i t y L ib r a ry ( S I . Ms.- 0 - 1 1 , f f . 33-7É T his i s i n q u i t e l e g i b l e c u r s i v e , and fo llo w s a Russian t r a n s l a t i o n ( w i th heavy B e l o r u s s i a n i n f l u e n c e and i n a d i f f e r e n t hand) of a d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e tr iu m p h a l g a t e s a t The Hague f o r the v i c t o r i o u s r e t u r n i n 1691 o f W illiam o f Orange from the campaign i n I r e l a n d . ^ A comparison o f th e Dutch o r i g i n a l s o f the c o n f e s s io n and c a te c h ism and the Dublin ( h e r e a f t e r D) and H e l s i n k i (H) m a n usc rip ts r e v e a l s severa p o i n t s about t h e o r i g i n a l t r a n s l a t i o n and i t s f u r t h e r copying. Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access 00047137 To take the o r i g i n a l t r a n s l a t i o n f i r s t ( a s i t i s r e f l e c t e d i n f e a t u r e s sh a re d by D and H), one n o t e s a c e r t a i n amount o f s i m p l i f i c a t i o n and o m is s io n s , some of which a r e m in o r, such as the omission o f 1 ' f i g ' 1 b e f o r e л и с т в Ѵ е и г 98, some o f which a r e more s e r i o u s . There a r e a few, a p p a r e n t l y u n m o ti v a t e d , a d d i t i o n s . There are a l s o some c l e a r m i s u n d e r s ta n d i n g s of t h e Dutch t e x t , e s p e c i a l l y i n more s y n t a c t i c a l l y complex p a s s a g e s . As examples we may compare th e S l a v o n i c , Dutch and L a t i n v e r s i o n s of p a ss a g e s on pages 67, 107 and 116 o f D: 67 иже и в ѵислЪ трѴбтсъ we leke i n orden i s d e r derde Persoon -XV- q u i o r d i n e t e r t i a e s t T r i n i t a t i s P e r s o n a , eiusdem e s s e n t i a e , g l o r i a e e t m a i e s t a t i s cum л и ц г 6 т ы л т р о ц ы п о д о б Ѵ в и ъ в в л п у е с т в З der D r y v u ld i c h e y t : e e n e s - s e l v i g e n wesens, > и с л а в ѣ о ѵ е й и M a je s te y t ende E e r l i c h e y t met den Vader ende den Sone, P a t r e e t F i l i o , z i j n d e w a e r a c h t i c h ende Ideoque e t i p s e eeuwich God. v e r u s e t a e t e r n u s Deus e s t . с н о в н ѣ й и с т и н н ы » B t v 1 н ы н в г г H ere, " t h i r d 1 1 i s r e - i n t e r p r e t e d as " t h r e e " , th e t h r e e g e n i t i v e s " e s s e n c e , majesty and g l o r y " (o n ly th e f i r s t i s m o r p h o l o g i c a l l y marked i n Dutch) become " i n th e manner ( e s s e n c e ? ) o f th e m a je sty and g l o r y " , and the Dutch p a r t i c p l e " b e in g " i s o m i t t e d ( t h e L a t i n t e x t i s a l s o s y n t a c t i c a l l y d i f f e r e n t ) . The r e s u l t a n t S l a v o n i c t e x t i s not very a c c u r a t e , even i f a g e n e r a l meaning can be e x t r a c t e d from i t s s y n t a x . . . q u i nos magis d i l i g a t quam q u i v ita m suam pro n o b is p o s u i t . wien souden wy connen v in d e n , d i e ons meer beminde, dan hy d i e s i j n leven v oor ons g e l a t e n h e e f t . 107 к о г о ш Б р ѣ т е и г иже н а с ! в о ^ л ю б н л ъ и ж и в о т ъ с в о й н а с ъ д а д Ъ H e re, "m ore., than he who" (meer . . dan hy d i e , magia quam q u i) i s o m itte d : again the o r i g i n a l t e x t i s d i s t o r t e d . Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access 00047137 -XVI- 1 1 6 • • 8 0 i s h e t ampt a l l e r g e l o o v i g e n , volghende h e t woordt Godts, haer a f te scheyden vanden genen, die n i e t vande Kereke en z i j n , ende h a e r t e voegen t o t dese v e r g a d e r i n g h e , f t sy op wat p l a e t s e d a t s e Godt g h e s t e l t h e e f t , a l waert schoon so d a t de M a g is tra te n ende p l a c a t e n der Princen d aer te gen waren, ende dat de d o o d t, o f t e eenige l i c h a m e l i c k e s t r a f f e daer aen h in g h e . n в е р н ы й г по с л о в е с и к ГСАНЮ ш д а л л т н е л тЪтсъ иже не ш ц е р ь к в п С 0 В 0 Н 0 П А Ж Т И С А К C 6 U 0 V С О Б О р С В т а к и * 1 и £ с т е * ъ г д ѣ п и г Б Г Ъ Б Ы Т И п ^ в о л п л ъ афв к гоненѴю н з а п р е щ е н Ѵл кой ш к н ж э Алй в л а с т е л и н ! * ״ ״ ׳ " Ч » б о ѵ д В т і a m в б ы и с и е р т ь н а с л е д о в а т ь и о г л а omnium f i d e l i u m p a r t e s s u n t , sese i u x t a Dei verbum ab i i s omnibus d i s i u n g e r e , q u i su nt e x t r a Ecclesiam c o n s t i t u t i : huicque f i d e l i u m c o e t u i ac c o n g r e g a ti o n i se a d iu n g e re , ubicunque i l l a m Deus c o n s t i t - u e r i t : e t s i i d c o n t r a r i a Principum v e l Magistratuum e d i c t a p r o h i b e a n t , i n d i c t a e tia m i n eos c a p i t i s e t m o rtis corporeae poena, qui id f e c e r i n t . While " e d i c t s 1 1 (, p la c a te tiл e d i c t a ) and " b o d ily punishment" ( lic h a m e lic k e s t r a f f ел poena) a r e l o s t , " e x p u l s io n and p r o h i b i t i o n " ( г о н е н Ѵ е n ^апреоіен 1 e ) a r e added; such a l e x i c a l l y c l e a r a d d i t i o n i s unusual and may be viewed as being e x t r a - l i n g u i s t i c a l l y m o ti v a t e d , th e t r a n s l a t o r having i n mind a r e a d e r who was indeed s u b j e c t t o e x p u ls io n and p r o h i b i t i o n . A s i m i l a r l y motivated a d a p t a t i o n o f th e o r i g i n a l t e x t may be the g l o s s i n g over of the d o c t r i n e s of the A n a b a p t i s t s (who were i n c o m p e t i t i o n w ith the Reformed churches) as иже двшйжды крціаютсл 134. There a r e perhaps A O o r 50 such i n a c c u r a c i e s in the o r i g i n a l t r a n s l a t i o n , p l u s a number of i n a c c u r a t e b i b l i c a l q u o t a t i o n s ( f o r example, * a e c иь п о у т ь *истпннын н ж н в о т ъ 111) b u t the g r e a t m a j o r i t y are not as s u b s t a n t i v e as t h e s e . In a d d i t i o n t h e r e a r e a s i m i l a r number of d i s t o r t i o n s sh a re d by D and H where the o r i g i n a l t r a n s l a t i o n can be e x t r a p o l a t e d and i d e n t i f i e d : f o r example D135: но т а к о иже оБѣщанѴм ł- а ж е . . , H58v но т а к и t-a же ОБѣщання 1 ־а ж е . . would appear t o correspond to an o r i g i n a l по т а к н и ъ же ОБѣціанѴАиъ ь а ж с . . This sug gests t h a t between Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access the o r i g i n a l t r a n s l a t i o n and D and H t h e r e was one or more i n t e r m e d i a t e c o p i e s ; some of the i n a c c u r a c i e s a s c r i b e d t o the o r i g i n a l t r a n s l a t i o n could of cou rse be due to t h i s i n t e r m e d i a t e s t a g e . F i n a l l y , D shows upwards o f 80 f u r t h e r e r r o r s which a r e n o t shared by H, most i n v o l v i n g only one o r two l e t t e r s i n a word; th e se can u s u a l l y be a s c r i b e d t o the copying o f a c u r s i v e m anuscript by someone who was n o t too i n t e r e s t e d i n a t t e m p t i n g t o un d e rsta n d the sense of the t e x t . Thus we f i n d e r r o r s caused by l o s s of s u p e r s c r i p t s , c o n f u s io n o f r e s o l v e d s u p e r s c r i p t s ( e s p e c i a l l y л and T: с о г л л с и л с а 75 i n s t e a d of an i n f i n i t i v e (H41v: с о г л а с и т с я ) , и and vcarùya: в пшеланѴе с в о е 124 (H55r: в п о с л а н и е с в о е л і ) ) , c o n f u s io n of hard and s o f t s ig n s ( о у с т а в и т ъ 105 f o r the i n f i n i t i v e (H50r: С с т а в и т и ) ) , confusion of 6 and ю ( с п с н Ѵ е н а т е и 5 48; й и € ю т г ра^рЪшенУю г р ѣ ^ о в ъ 120). Some o f the e r r o r s to be found i n D could be a s c r i b a b l e to the c o p y i s t ' s b e in g a , non-native* c y r i l l i c w r i t e r ( f o r example, п ат 8 р& 75 f o r н а т 8 р 8 ; о в с ak и х . . н у ж д ъ 1 8 9 ) , but they a r e n o t g r e a t i n number and some ( f o r example но 135 f o r n o ) a r e s h a r e d w i t h H; fu rth e rm ore the d i a c r i t i c s , which were executed a t the same time as the b a s i c t e x t , show g r e a t accu ra c y , even on e v i d e n t l y i n a c c u r a t e p h r a s e s , such as ^ловьі но 163 (H67r: я л ®см ° ) • I t would seem, t h e r e f o r e , t h a t D was copied by a c y r i l l i c w r i t e r w i t h good command o f Slavonic d i a c r i t i c s from a t e x t which was i t s e l f copied by a n o n - n a tiv e w r i t e r ; i t i s p o s s i b l e t h a t H was a l s o co p ied from t h i s t e x t , w ith th e c o p y i s t however making a g r e a t e r a t t e m p t to c o r r e c t i n accordance w i t h th e sense of the work. R e f l e c t i o n s in the Dublin and H e l s i n k i m a n u sc rip ts o f the d i a l e c t a l p h o n e t i c and morphological c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of th e o r i g i n a l t r a n s l a t o r o f th e c o n f e s s i o n and c a te c h ism s u g g e s t t h a t he was from the B e l o r u s s ia n o r Smolensk a r e a ; both m a nu sc rip ts have an o v e r la y o f f e a t u r e s from e l s e w h e r e , and th e Dublin m anuscript i n p a r t i c u l a r seems to " o v e r - g c o r r e c t " w ith th ose west Russianisms i n mind Thus we f i n d akanye and y a ka n ye : 128 ( i n s t r u m e n t a l s i n g u l a r ; p o s s i b l y d a t i v e p l u r a l ; H56r *?алогои) ; илсрдѴ л 90 ( a c c u s a t i v e s i n g u l a r ) ; с р е в р о л ю в і л 121 ( p r e p o s i t i o n a l s i n g u l a r ) . These f e a t u r e s a r e however more o f t e n found i n h y p e r c o r r e c t i o n , s u g g e s t i n g a lack of m orphological awareness i n one c o p y i s t or a n o t h e r : в е з h ü y Í a o 66; п л о д ъ ѵ р е в о и р Г и н о 86; ве*$о -XVII- Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access в с я к о г о в ^ и р а н Ѵ е д і л г и * г 82. This - не ending f o r the g e n i t i v e s i n g u l a r o f n e u t e r nouns i n - n e i s f r e q u e n t i n D, u s u a l l y (b u t n o t always) c o r r e s p o n d i n g to the c o r r e c t ending i n H: о с т а в л е Ѵ і е р а д и 92 ( Н : - и я ) , п о ^ н а н Т е 93 ( * Н ) , с п а с е н Ѵ е 115 (H; с п а н и ь а ) , и а н а я й н Т е 118 (H: - и я ) , %ванѴе 124 ( H : - n h a ) t крщвнѴв 129, 134, 183 (Н: - и я ) , рожденѴе 137 ( « Н ) , e t c • The f a c t t h a t H r e t a i n s some o f the h y p e r c o r r e c t e d forms s u g g e s t s t h a t t h e s e were a f e a t u r e o f an i n t e r m e d i a t e copy, c o r r e c t e d back by H. Although - Ы 6 /- М 6 can be an a r c h a i c ( « f u n c t i o n a l l y 9 s l a v o n i c i s i n g ) e n d in g f o r th e feminine g e n i t i v e s i n g u l a r a d j e c t i v e , the analogy w i t h th e g e n i t i v e s i n g u l a r o f n e u t e r nouns s u g g e s ts t h a t th e o r i g i n a l t r a n s l a t i o n had th e c o r r e c t Slavonic -Ы А /-1А e n d i n g s , h y p e r c o r r e c t e d by an i n t e r m e d i a t e c o p y i s t and p a r t l y r e i n s t a t e d by H ( f o r example: дражайшѴе к р о в и 132 (H57r дражаышие к р о в и ) , п р а в д и в ы е ц р к в и 118 (Н53ѵ п р а в д и в и ь а ц р н в и ) ) ; out o f 11 such i n s t a n c e s i n D, H " c o r r e c t s " 7 o f them; D h a s , i n a d d i t i o n (as w i t h th e n e u t e r nouns above), 8 o c c u re n c e s of the - ы д / - 1 a e n d in g ( s h a r e d w i t h H) ; one may a l s o n o t e t h a t H does not " c o r r e c t " th e new v e r n a c u l a r e n d in g - о й / - е й , which occurs 8 tim es ( tw ic e , however, i n в о д н о й ) . The H e l s i n k i m a n u s c r i p t a l s o shows what we may term ukanye, which may be a Smolensk or S-W B e l o r u s s i a n f e a t u r e : вѣрую H54v f o r вѣрою (D120) ф у р т З н е H41v (D74: ф ш р ' т о у и е ) , д £ 8 и ъ Н67ѵ (D165: дтЕоиъ) . The Dublin m a n u s c r ip t only r e f l e c t s t h i s in h y p e r c o r r e c t i o n : в і р о ю 170, 172 f o r в€рук>, с о в е р ш е н н о 85 (H: с о в е р т е к н у ) . T his may be due t o m i s r e a d i n g of a c u r s i v e o r i g i n a l . There i s a h i n t o f ohokanye i n the H e l s i n k i manuscript only: и ціе л и и с я f o r и с ц е л п и с я , о ѵ е л о в Ъ ѵ е ^ . There a r e i n d i c a t i o n s i n both D and H t h a t г was f r i c a t i v e . The ik a n y e which o c c u r s may be viewed as an o v e rlay in tr o d u c e d by i n t e r m e d i a t e c o p y i s t s . I t i s more f r e q u e n t i n H ( п р и р а ж а е т 57r (D131 : п р е р о ж а е т г ) , г р и * и 4 6 r , 68v (D92, D169: r p t j c h ) ) th a n i n D (н епрм иѣннол: 82 (H: н е п р е и ѣ н н а м ) ) . I t may be p o s s i b l e to s e e h y p e r c o r r e c t i o n i n в п о г и в е л е 82 (H: п о г и в е л н ) , д» п ш с ׳ ланѴе 51 (Н: д і п о с л а и и Т ) , and 25 occurences of the p r e p o s i t i o n a l s i n g u l a r o f n e u t e r nouns i n - е й 16 as a g a i n s t 8 w i t h - 6 h Ï h (H s h a r e s 18 o f the 25 i n - e t n e , with 7 i n - в и т ; H s h a r e s 7 o f th e 8 i n -емѴи, w ith one i n - e t n e ) . These f e a t u r e s -XVIII- Christopher Roberts - 9783954795901 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:45:31AM via free access may be of a m orphological r a t h e r th an p h o n o l o g i c a l c h a r a c t e r , a lth o u g h H shows c l e a r h y p e r c o r r e c t i o n i n п р е с т у л а е и г H51v (111: п р и - ) , оБЛвѵени H62v (151: оЕЛИѴвнм) . The p r i n c i p a l m o rp ho lo gical f e a t u r e which can be c h a r a c t e r i s e d as so u th e r n ( i n c l u d i n g w e s t e r n ) i s the c o n f u s i o n o f n e u t e r and feminine d e c l e n s i o n s . There a r e two o c c u r r e n c e s o f в