The Western Karaim Torah Volume 1 The Languages of Asia Series Series Editor Alexander Vovin ( ehess/crlao, Paris, France ) Associate Editors José Andrés Alonso de la Fuente ( Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland ) Aleksandra Jarosz ( Nicolas Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland ) Editorial Board Mark Alves ( Montgomery College ) Ákos B. Apatóczky ( Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary ) Gilles Authier ( ephe – École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris ) Anna Bugaeva ( Tokyo University of Science/National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics ) Bjarke Frellesvig ( University of Oxford ) Guillaume Jacques ( Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l'Asie orientale ) Juha Janhunen ( University of Helsinki ) Henryk Jankowski ( University of Adam Mickiewicz, Poznań ) Ross King ( University of British Columbia ) Marc Miyake ( British Museum ) Mehmet Ölmez ( Istanbul University ) Toshiki Osada ( Institute of Nature and Humanity, Kyoto ) Pittawayat Pittayaporn ( Chulalongkorn University ) Elisabetta Ragagnin ( Ca’ Foscari University of Venice ) Pavel Rykin ( Russian Academy of Sciences ) Marek Stachowski ( Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland ) Yukinori Takubo ( National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics ) John Whitman ( Cornell University ) Wu Ying-zhe ( Inner Mongolia University ) volume 24/1 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/la The Western Karaim Torah A Critical Edition of a Manuscript from 1720 Volume 1 By Michał Németh leiden | boston This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the cc by-nc-nd 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the cc license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Cover illustration: The first page of the Book of Exodus (folio 87 recto of manuscript ADub.iii.73). Courtesy of the owner. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov lc record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2020052227 The research upon which this publication is based has been awarded funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement number 802645) and from the National Science Centre of Poland (Narodowe Centrum Nauki; grant agreement number 2015/17/B/HS2/01498). Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill‑typeface. issn 2452-2961 isbn 978-90-04-42658-0 (hardback, set) isbn 978-90-04-46403-2 (hardback, volume 1) isbn 978-90-04-46404-9 (hardback, volume 2) isbn 978-90-04-44737-0 (e-book) Copyright 2021 by Michał Németh. Published by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense, Hotei Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag. Koninklijke Brill nv reserves the right to protect this publication against unauthorized use. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. ב ַ ל ְ ק וּ בֿ ְ ל וּ ס ַ ה ִ י ְנ צ ִ י ַנ א א ַ ל ֵ כ ְ ס ַ ְנ ֵד י ר ד וּ ב ִ י ְנ ס ְ כ ִ י ִנ י ן ∵ Contents Preface ix Acknowledgements xi List of Tables and Facsimilia xii Abbreviations and Editorial Symbols xix volume 1 Introduction 1 1 The Antecedents of Manuscript ADub.iii.73 1 2 Manuscript ADub.iii.73 4 2.1 General Description 4 2.2 The Origins of Manuscript ADub.iii.73 8 3 Manuscript TKow.01 13 4 Subsequent Western Karaim Translations of the Hebrew Bible 14 4.1 Introductory Remarks 14 4.2 Subsequent Western Karaim Translations of the Torah 15 4.3 Subsequent Western Karaim Translations of the Neviʾim and Ketuvim 16 5 A Concise Linguistic Description of Manuscript ADub.iii.73 18 5.1 Introductory Remarks 18 5.2 Sound System 18 5.3 Morphology 21 5.4 Lexicon 24 6 Orthography, Transcription, and Transliteration 28 6.1 The Karaim Content 28 6.2 The Hebrew Content 35 Transcription and Translation Introductory Remarks 39 Transcription and Translation 42 viii contents volume 2 Lexicographical Addenda 993 Bibliography 1105 Facsimilia 1124 Preface More than eighty years ago Tadeusz Kowalski (1889–1948), the founder of mod- ern Polish Oriental Studies, expressed the opinion that the most urgent task facing Karaim studies at that time was to catalogue existing Western Karaim Biblical texts and critically edit them so that they could enter scholarly circu- lation and pave the way for a philology-based analysis of the linguistic past of Karaim (Kowalski 1936: 15–20). For decades this task remained a desideratum not only because of its scholarly significance, but also for the reason that these sources are extremely valuable culturally. Karaims are followers of Karaite Juda- ism, and the essence of their religion lies, unlike mainstream Rabbinic Judaism, in its recognition of the Hebrew Bible alone as the supreme authority in reli- gious law and theology. For many decades, however, there existed no Karaim translation of the Tanakh that they could actually use in religious practice. This is because existing translations were (almost without exception) written or printed in Hebrew script, but due to the gradual extinction of their culture, over the years most members of Karaim communities lost the ability to read Hebrew script and as a consequence were unable to access the content of their sources. This process began during the 1920s and 1930s and swiftly gained momentum after the Second World War. As a consequence, Karaims were—and still are— forced to use non-Karaim, mostly Polish, Lithuanian, or Russian translations of the Hebrew Bible, which has accelerated their ethnic, cultural, and linguistic assimilation. Seen in this light, the task of preparing critical editions of these texts should therefore not only be perceived as a research task, but also as an opportunity to restore a fundamental component of Karaim identity. Indeed, it was with this aim in mind that in the years 2012–2016 a total of 31 Biblical texts (out of a group of 460 Karaim manuscripts) were discovered and catalogued by a research team led by the present author—including manu- script ADub.iii.73, which is presented in this volume. It contains the oldest Western Karaim translation of the Torah we know of today and was discovered shortly after midnight on 27 February 2014.1 The principal focus of the present volume is to provide a critical edition and concise linguistic description of manuscript ADub.iii.73. Additionally, to gain a better understanding of the manuscript’s philological and historical back- ground we have outlined the history of Western Karaim translations of the 1 Financial support for the archival work and preparation of the catalogue was provided by the Polish National Science Centre (research project 2011/03/D/HS2/00618). For a summary of the project, see Németh (2016b). x preface Torah. The edition is also supplemented with a glossary in which we have doc- umented those words and meanings attested in ms. ADub.iii.73 that are not included in standard Karaim dictionaries. The lexicographical addenda and the facsimilia are presented in the second volume of this book. Acknowledgements This volume would not have seen the light of day had it not been for the patron- age I was granted by several institutions. The manuscript was discovered and described within the framework of the research project entitled A catalogue of Karaim manuscripts and printed sources (project no. 2011/03/D/HS2/00618) financed by the Polish National Science Centre. The transcription, the Eng- lish translation, the glossary, and the major part of the apparatus was created within the framework of the research project entitled The oldest known West- ern Karaim Bible Translation. A critical edition of a Torah from 1720 (project no. 2015/17/B/HS2/01498) financed by the Polish National Science Centre in the years 2016–2019. The latter project also allowed me to compare this source with mss. JSul.iii.01 and bsms 288. Finally, this project has received funding from the European Research Council (erc) under the European Union’s Hori- zon 2020 research and innovation programme within the framework of the project entitled (Re)constructing a Bible. A new approach to unedited Biblical manuscripts as sources for the early history of the Karaim language (grant agree- ment No 802645) scheduled for the years 2019–2014. The research conducted within the framework of the latter project led to the discovery of more Biblical manuscripts and made it possible to compare the text of ADub.iii.73 with those sources. It also made possible to revise the English translation on the basis of the content of the Hebrew Torah, and benefit from a series of consultations with experts. I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to Marek Piela (Kraków) for his assistance in Hebraistic matters. I also wish to express my thanks to Mateusz Urban (Kraków) for helping me improve the English translation of the Torah and to Jason Lowther (Kraków) for proofreading the introductory part of the book. Of course, any errors remaining are my own responsibility. Without any hesitation I should also acknowledge my debt to Adam Dubiń- ski (Warsaw), and Anna Sulimowicz-Keruth (Warsaw) who selflessly provided me with unlimited access to the manuscripts in their possession. I will never forget the days (and nights) spent searching through their bookshelves. Finally, I am eternally grateful to my beloved wife for her patience and under- standing during the long years it has taken me to turn this book into reality. Without her support this volume would remain today no more than a pipe dream of mine. Kraków, a.d.2021 Tables and Facsimilia Tables 1 Interpretative translation of Hebrew passages and additions to the original 11 2 Late Middle North-Western Karaim vowels 19 3 Late Middle North-Western Karaim consonants 19 4 Transcription of the analysed Biblical texts 30 5 Transliteration of Hebrew 36 Facsimilia Folio 1 recto 1125 Folio 1 verso 1126 Folio 2 recto 1126 Folio 2 verso 1127 Folio 3 recto 1127 Folio 3 verso 1128 Folio 4 recto 1128 Folio 4 verso 1129 Folio 5 recto 1129 Folio 5 verso 1130 Folio 6 recto 1130 Folio 6 verso 1131 Folio 7 recto 1131 Folio 7 verso 1132 Folio 8 recto 1132 Folio 8 verso 1133 Folio 9 recto 1133 Folio 9 verso 1134 Folio 10 recto 1134 Folio 10 verso 1135 Folio 11 recto 1135 Folio 11 verso 1136 Folio 12 recto 1136 Folio 12 verso 1137 Folio 13 recto 1137 Folio 13 verso 1138 Folio 14 recto 1138 Folio 14 verso 1139 Folio 15 recto 1139 Folio 15 verso 1140 Folio 16 recto 1140 Folio 16 verso 1141 Folio 17 recto 1141 Folio 17 verso 1142 Folio 18 recto 1142 Folio 18 verso 1143 Folio 19 recto 1143 Folio 19 verso 1144 Folio 20 recto 1144 Folio 20 verso 1145 Folio 21 recto 1145 Folio 21 verso 1146 Folio 22 recto 1146 Folio 22 verso 1147 Folio 23 recto 1147 Folio 23 verso 1148 Folio 24 recto 1148 Folio 24 verso 1149 Folio 25 recto 1149 Folio 25 verso 1150 Folio 26 recto 1150 Folio 26 verso 1151 Folio 27 recto 1151 Folio 27 verso 1152 Folio 28 recto 1152 Folio 28 verso 1153 Folio 29 recto 1153 Folio 29 verso 1154 Folio 30 recto 1154 Folio 30 verso 1155 Folio 31 recto 1155 Folio 31 verso 1156 Folio 32 recto 1156 Folio 32 verso 1157 Folio 33 recto 1157 Folio 33 verso 1158 Folio 34 recto 1158 Folio 34 verso 1159 Folio 35 recto 1159 Folio 35 verso 1160 Folio 36 recto 1160 Folio 36 verso 1161 Folio 37 recto 1161 Folio 37 verso 1162 Folio 38 recto 1162 Folio 38 verso 1163 Folio 39 recto 1163 Folio 39 verso 1164 tables and facsimilia xiii Folio 40 recto 1164 Folio 40 verso 1165 Folio 41 recto 1165 Folio 41 verso 1166 Folio 42 recto 1166 Folio 42 verso 1167 Folio 43 recto 1167 Folio 43 verso 1168 Folio 44 recto 1168 Folio 44 verso 1169 Folio 45 recto 1169 Folio 45 verso 1170 Folio 46 recto 1170 Folio 46 verso 1171 Folio 47 recto 1171 Folio 47 verso 1172 Folio 48 recto 1172 Folio 48 verso 1173 Folio 49 recto 1173 Folio 49 verso 1174 Folio 50 recto 1174 Folio 50 verso 1175 Folio 51 recto 1175 Folio 51 verso 1176 Folio 52 recto 1176 Folio 52 verso 1177 Folio 53 recto 1177 Folio 53 verso 1178 Folio 54 recto 1178 Folio 54 verso 1179 Folio 55 recto 1179 Folio 55 verso 1180 Folio 56 recto 1180 Folio 56 verso 1181 Folio 57 recto 1181 Folio 57 verso 1182 Folio 58 recto 1182 Folio 58 verso 1183 Folio 59 recto 1183 Folio 59 verso 1184 Folio 60 recto 1184 Folio 60 verso 1185 Folio 61 recto 1185 Folio 61 verso 1186 Folio 62 recto 1186 Folio 62 verso 1187 Folio 63 recto 1187 Folio 63 verso 1188 Folio 64 recto 1188 Folio 64 verso 1189 Folio 65 recto 1189 Folio 65 verso 1190 Folio 66 recto 1190 Folio 66 verso 1191 Folio 67 recto 1191 Folio 67 verso 1192 Folio 68 recto 1192 Folio 68 verso 1193 Folio 69 recto 1193 Folio 69 verso 1194 Folio 70 recto 1194 Folio 70 verso 1195 Folio 71 recto 1195 Folio 71 verso 1196 Folio 72 recto 1196 Folio 72 verso 1197 Folio 73 recto 1197 Folio 73 verso 1198 Folio 74 recto 1198 Folio 74 verso 1199 Folio 75 recto 1199 Folio 75 verso 1200 Folio 76 recto 1200 Folio 76 verso 1201 Folio 77 recto 1201 Folio 77 verso 1202 Folio 78 recto 1202 Folio 78 verso 1203 Folio 79 recto 1203 Folio 79 verso 1204 Folio 80 recto 1204 Folio 80 verso 1205 Folio 81 recto 1205 Folio 81 verso 1206 Folio 82 recto 1206 Folio 82 verso 1207 Folio 83 recto 1207 Folio 83 verso 1208 Folio 84 recto 1208 Folio 84 verso 1209 Folio 85 recto 1209 Folio 85 verso 1210 Folio 86 recto 1210 Folio 86 verso 1211 Folio 87 recto 1211 Folio 87 verso 1212 Folio 88 recto 1212 Folio 88 verso 1213 Folio 89 recto 1213 Folio 89 verso 1214 Folio 90 recto 1214 Folio 90 verso 1215 Folio 91 recto 1215 Folio 91 verso 1216 Folio 92 recto 1216 Folio 92 verso 1217 Folio 93 recto 1217 Folio 93 verso 1218 Folio 94 recto 1218 Folio 94 verso 1219 Folio 95 recto 1219 Folio 95 verso 1220 Folio 96 recto 1220 Folio 96 verso 1221 Folio 97 recto 1221 Folio 97 verso 1222 Folio 98 recto 1222 Folio 98 verso 1223 Folio 99 recto 1223 Folio 99 verso 1224 xiv tables and facsimilia Folio 100 recto 1224 Folio 100 verso 1225 Folio 101 recto 1225 Folio 101 verso 1226 Folio 102 recto 1226 Folio 102 verso 1227 Folio 103 recto 1227 Folio 103 verso 1228 Folio 104 recto 1228 Folio 104 verso 1229 Folio 105 recto 1229 Folio 105 verso 1230 Folio 106 recto 1230 Folio 106 verso 1231 Folio 107 recto 1231 Folio 107 verso 1232 Folio 108 recto 1232 Folio 108 verso 1233 Folio 109 recto 1233 Folio 109 verso 1234 Folio 110 recto 1234 Folio 110 verso 1235 Folio 111 recto 1235 Folio 111 verso 1236 Folio 112 recto 1236 Folio 112 verso 1237 Folio 113 recto 1237 Folio 113 verso 1238 Folio 114 recto 1238 Folio 114 verso 1239 Folio 115 recto 1239 Folio 115 verso 1240 Folio 116 recto 1240 Folio 116 verso 1241 Folio 117 recto 1241 Folio 117 verso 1242 Folio 118 recto 1242 Folio 118 verso 1243 Folio 119 recto 1243 Folio 119 verso 1244 Folio 120 recto 1244 Folio 120 verso 1245 Folio 121 recto 1245 Folio 121 verso 1246 Folio 122 recto 1246 Folio 122 verso 1247 Folio 123 recto 1247 Folio 123 verso 1248 Folio 124 recto 1248 Folio 124 verso 1249 Folio 125 recto 1249 Folio 125 verso 1250 Folio 126 recto 1250 Folio 126 verso 1251 Folio 127 recto 1251 Folio 127 verso 1252 Folio 128 recto 1252 Folio 128 verso 1253 Folio 129 recto 1253 Folio 129 verso 1254 Folio 130 recto 1254 Folio 130 verso 1255 Folio 131 recto 1255 Folio 131 verso 1256 Folio 132 recto 1256 Folio 132 verso 1257 Folio 133 recto 1257 Folio 133 verso 1258 Folio 134 recto 1258 Folio 134 verso 1259 Folio 135 recto 1259 Folio 135 verso 1260 Folio 136 recto 1260 Folio 136 verso 1261 Folio 137 recto 1261 Folio 137 verso 1262 Folio 138 recto 1262 Folio 138 verso 1263 Folio 139 recto 1263 Folio 139 verso 1264 Folio 140 recto 1264 Folio 140 verso 1265 Folio 141 recto 1265 Folio 141 verso 1266 Folio 142 recto 1266 Folio 142 verso 1267 Folio 143 recto 1267 Folio 143 verso 1268 Folio 144 recto 1268 Folio 144 verso 1269 Folio 145 recto 1269 Folio 145 verso 1270 Folio 146 recto 1270 Folio 146 verso 1271 Folio 147 recto 1271 Folio 147 verso 1272 Folio 148 recto 1272 Folio 148 verso 1273 Folio 149 recto 1273 Folio 149 verso 1274 Folio 150 recto 1274 Folio 150 verso 1275 Folio 151 recto 1275 Folio 151 verso 1276 Folio 152 recto 1276 Folio 152 verso 1277 Folio 153 recto 1277 Folio 153 verso 1278 Folio 154 recto 1278 Folio 154 verso 1279 Folio 155 recto 1279 Folio 155 verso 1280 Folio 156 recto 1280 Folio 156 verso 1281 Folio 157 recto 1281 Folio 157 verso 1282 Folio 158 recto 1282 Folio 158 verso 1283 Folio 159 recto 1283 Folio 159 verso 1284 tables and facsimilia xv Folio 160 recto 1284 Folio 160 verso 1285 Folio 161 recto 1285 Folio 161 verso 1286 Folio 162 recto 1286 Folio 162 verso 1287 Folio 163 recto 1287 Folio 163 verso 1288 Folio 164 recto 1288 Folio 164 verso 1289 Folio 165 recto 1289 Folio 165 verso 1290 Folio 166 recto 1290 Folio 166 verso 1291 Folio 167 recto 1291 Folio 167 verso 1292 Folio 168 recto 1292 Folio 168 verso 1293 Folio 169 recto 1293 Folio 169 verso 1294 Folio 170 recto 1294 Folio 170 verso 1295 Folio 171 recto 1295 Folio 171 verso 1296 Folio 172 recto 1296 Folio 172 verso 1297 Folio 173 recto 1297 Folio 173 verso 1298 Folio 174 recto 1298 Folio 174 verso 1299 Folio 175 recto 1299 Folio 175 verso 1300 Folio 176 recto 1300 Folio 176 verso 1301 Folio 177 recto 1301 Folio 177 verso 1302 Folio 178 recto 1302 Folio 178 verso 1303 Folio 179 recto 1303 Folio 179 verso 1304 Folio 180 recto 1304 Folio 180 verso 1305 Folio 181 recto 1305 Folio 181 verso 1306 Folio 182 recto 1306 Folio 182 verso 1307 Folio 183 recto 1307 Folio 183 verso 1308 Folio 184 recto 1308 Folio 184 verso 1309 Folio 185 recto 1309 Folio 185 verso 1310 Folio 186 recto 1310 Folio 186 verso 1311 Folio 187 recto 1311 Folio 187 verso 1312 Folio 188 recto 1312 Folio 188 verso 1313 Folio 189 recto 1313 Folio 189 verso 1314 Folio 190 recto 1314 Folio 190 verso 1315 Folio 191 recto 1315 Folio 191 verso 1316 Folio 192 recto 1316 Folio 192 verso 1317 Folio 193 recto 1317 Folio 193 verso 1318 Folio 194 recto 1318 Folio 194 verso 1319 Folio 195 recto 1319 Folio 195 verso 1320 Folio 196 recto 1320 Folio 196 verso 1321 Folio 197 recto 1321 Folio 197 verso 1322 Folio 198 recto 1322 Folio 198 verso 1323 Folio 199 recto 1323 Folio 199 verso 1324 Folio 200 recto 1324 Folio 200 verso 1325 Folio 201 recto 1325 Folio 201 verso 1326 Folio 202 recto 1326 Folio 202 verso 1327 Folio 203 recto 1327 Folio 203 verso 1328 Folio 204 recto 1328 Folio 204 verso 1329 Folio 205 recto 1329 Folio 205 verso 1330 Folio 206 recto 1330 Folio 206 verso 1331 Folio 207 recto 1331 Folio 207 verso 1332 Folio 208 recto 1332 Folio 208 verso 1333 Folio 209 recto 1333 Folio 209 verso 1334 Folio 210 recto 1334 Folio 210 verso 1335 Folio 211 recto 1335 Folio 211 verso 1336 Folio 212 recto 1336 Folio 212 verso 1337 Folio 213 recto 1337 Folio 213 verso 1338 Folio 214 recto 1338 Folio 214 verso 1339 Folio 215 recto 1339 Folio 215 verso 1340 Folio 216 recto 1340 Folio 216 verso 1341 Folio 217 recto 1341 Folio 217 verso 1342 Folio 218 recto 1342 Folio 218 verso 1343 Folio 219 recto 1343 Folio 219 verso 1344 xvi tables and facsimilia Folio 220 recto 1344 Folio 220 verso 1345 Folio 221 recto 1345 Folio 221 verso 1346 Folio 222 recto 1346 Folio 222 verso 1347 Folio 223 recto 1347 Folio 223 verso 1348 Folio 224 recto 1348 Folio 224 verso 1349 Folio 225 recto 1349 Folio 225 verso 1350 Folio 226 recto 1350 Folio 226 verso 1351 Folio 227 recto 1351 Folio 227 verso 1352 Folio 228 recto 1352 Folio 228 verso 1353 Folio 229 recto 1353 Folio 229 verso 1354 Folio 230 recto 1354 Folio 230 verso 1355 Folio 231 recto 1355 Folio 231 verso 1356 Folio 232 recto 1356 Folio 232 verso 1357 Folio 233 recto 1357 Folio 233 verso 1358 Folio 234 recto 1358 Folio 234 verso 1359 Folio 235 recto 1359 Folio 235 verso 1360 Folio 236 recto 1360 Folio 236 verso 1361 Folio 237 recto 1361 Folio 237 verso 1362 Folio 238 recto 1362 Folio 238 verso 1363 Folio 239 recto 1363 Folio 239 verso 1364 Folio 240 recto 1364 Folio 240 verso 1365 Folio 241 recto 1365 Folio 241 verso 1366 Folio 242 recto 1366 Folio 242 verso 1367 Folio 243 recto 1367 Folio 243 verso 1368 Folio 244 recto 1368 Folio 244 verso 1369 Folio 245 recto 1369 Folio 245 verso 1370 Folio 246 recto 1370 Folio 246 verso 1371 Folio 247 recto 1371 Folio 247 verso 1372 Folio 248 recto 1372 Folio 248 verso 1373 Folio 249 recto 1373 Folio 249 verso 1374 Folio 250 recto 1374 Folio 250 verso 1375 Folio 251 recto 1375 Folio 251 verso 1376 Folio 252 recto 1376 Folio 252 verso 1377 Folio 253 recto 1377 Folio 253 verso 1378 Folio 254 recto 1378 Folio 254 verso 1379 Folio 255 recto 1379 Folio 255 verso 1380 Folio 256 recto 1380 Folio 256 verso 1381 Folio 257 recto 1381 Folio 257 verso 1382 Folio 258 recto 1382 Folio 258 verso 1383 Folio 259 recto 1383 Folio 259 verso 1384 Folio 260 recto 1384 Folio 260 verso 1385 Folio 261 recto 1385 Folio 261 verso 1386 Folio 262 recto 1386 Folio 262 verso 1387 Folio 263 recto 1387 Folio 263 verso 1388 Folio 264 recto 1388 Folio 264 verso 1389 Folio 265 recto 1389 Folio 265 verso 1390 Folio 266 recto 1390 Folio 266 verso 1391 Folio 267 recto 1391 Folio 267 verso 1392 Folio 268 recto 1392 Folio 268 verso 1393 Folio 269 recto 1393 Folio 269 verso 1394 Folio 270 recto 1394 Folio 270 verso 1395 Folio 271 recto 1395 Folio 271 verso 1396 Folio 272 recto 1396 Folio 272 verso 1397 Folio 273 recto 1397 Folio 273 verso 1398 Folio 274 recto 1398 Folio 274 verso 1399 Folio 275 recto 1399 Folio 275 verso 1400 Folio 276 recto 1400 Folio 276 verso 1401 Folio 277 recto 1401 Folio 277 verso 1402 Folio 278 recto 1402 Folio 278 verso 1403 Folio 279 recto 1403 Folio 279 verso 1404 tables and facsimilia xvii Folio 280 recto 1404 Folio 280 verso 1405 Folio 281 recto 1405 Folio 281 verso 1406 Folio 282 recto 1406 Folio 282 verso 1407 Folio 283 recto 1407 Folio 283 verso 1408 Folio 284 recto 1408 Folio 284 verso 1409 Folio 285 recto 1409 Folio 285 verso 1410 Folio 286 recto 1410 Folio 286 verso 1411 Folio 287 recto 1411 Folio 287 verso 1412 Folio 288 recto 1412 Folio 288 verso 1413 Folio 289 recto 1413 Folio 289 verso 1414 Folio 290 recto 1414 Folio 290 verso 1415 Folio 291 recto 1415 Folio 291 verso 1416 Folio 292 recto 1416 Folio 292 verso 1417 Folio 293 recto 1417 Folio 293 verso 1418 Folio 294 recto 1418 Folio 294 verso 1419 Folio 295 recto 1419 Folio 295 verso 1420 Folio 296 recto 1420 Folio 296 verso 1421 Folio 297 recto 1421 Folio 297 verso 1422 Folio 298 recto 1422 Folio 298 verso 1423 Folio 299 recto 1423 Folio 299 verso 1424 Folio 300 recto 1424 Folio 300 verso 1425 Folio 301 recto 1425 Folio 301 verso 1426 Folio 302 recto 1426 Folio 302 verso 1427 Folio 303 recto 1427 Folio 303 verso 1428 Folio 304 recto 1428 Folio 304 verso 1429 Folio 305 recto 1429 Folio 305 verso 1430 Folio 306 recto 1430 Folio 306 verso 1431 Folio 307 recto 1431 Folio 307 verso 1432 Folio 308 recto 1432 Folio 308 verso 1433 Folio 309 recto 1433 Folio 309 verso 1434 Folio 310 recto 1434 Folio 310 verso 1435 Folio 311 recto 1435 Folio 311 verso 1436 Folio 312 recto 1436 Folio 312 verso 1437 Folio 313 recto 1437 Folio 313 verso 1438 Folio 314 recto 1438 Folio 314 verso 1439 Folio 315 recto 1439 Folio 315 verso 1440 Folio 316 recto 1440 Folio 316 verso 1441 Folio 317 recto 1441 Folio 317 verso 1442 Folio 318 recto 1442 Folio 318 verso 1443 Folio 319 recto 1443 Folio 319 verso 1444 Folio 320 recto 1444 Folio 320 verso 1445 Folio 321 recto 1445 Folio 321 verso 1446 Folio 322 recto 1446 Folio 322 verso 1447 Folio 323 recto 1447 Folio 323 verso 1448 Folio 324 recto 1448 Folio 324 verso 1449 Folio 325 recto 1449 Folio 325 verso 1450 Folio 326 recto 1450 Folio 326 verso 1451 Folio 327 recto 1451 Folio 327 verso 1452 Folio 328 recto 1452 Folio 328 verso 1453 Folio 329 recto 1453 Folio 329 verso 1454 Folio 330 recto 1454 Folio 330 verso 1455 Folio 331 recto 1455 Folio 331 verso 1456 Folio 332 recto 1456 Folio 332 verso 1457 Folio 333 recto 1457 Folio 333 verso 1458 Folio 334 recto 1458 Folio 334 verso 1459 Folio 335 recto 1459 Folio 335 verso 1460 Folio 336 recto 1460 Folio 336 verso 1461 Folio 337 recto 1461 Folio 337 verso 1462 Folio 338 recto 1462 Folio 338 verso 1463 Folio 339 recto 1463 Folio 339 verso 1464 xviii tables and facsimilia Folio 340 recto 1464 Folio 340 verso 1465 Folio 341 recto 1465 Folio 341 verso 1466 Folio 342 recto 1466 Folio 342 verso 1467 Folio 343 recto 1467 Abbreviations and Editorial Symbols Abbreviations abl. ablative affr. affricate anat. anatomy Ar. Arabic Aram. Aramaic arch. archaic aux. auxiliary BGr. Biblical Greek BHeb. Biblical Hebrew Brus. Belarusian C ms. bsms 288, see Referenced primary sources ca. circa coll. collective conj. conjunction dat. dative deriv. derivative Deu Deuteronomy (Biblical book) dial. dialectal E the Eupatorian print of the Tanakh, see Referenced primary sources EKar. Eastern (= Crimean) Karaim ESlav. Eastern Slavonic Est Esther (Biblical book) Exo Exodus (Biblical book) fin. final position fric. fricative gen. genitive Gen Genesis (Biblical book) Gr. Greek H ms. JSul.iii.01, see Referenced primary sources Heb. Hebrew inf. infinitive init. initial position K manuscript ADub.iii.73, see Referenced primary sources Kar. Karaim Kirg. Kirghiz