The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition This page intentionally left blank The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition edited by Florentino García Martínez & Eibert J.C. Tigchelaar brill leiden new york köln 1999 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP-Einheitsaufnahme The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition / ed. by Florentino García Martínez and Eibert J. C. Tigchelaar. – Leiden ; New York ; Köln : Brill Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is also available. © Copyright 1997 by Koninklijke Brill nv , Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands Dedicated to Adam S. van der Woude This page intentionally left blank vii CONTENTS Foreword ........................................................................................... ix Preface to the Second Edition ........................................................... xiii Abbreviations .................................................................................... xv Key to Symbols................................................................................. xxii Text and Translation 1Q1–11Q31 .................................................... 1 Index of Manuscripts ........................................................................ 1311 Index of Titles ................................................................................... 1325 Index of Cave 1 Manuscripts without Serial Numbers ..................... 1360 Index of Manuscripts not found near Qumran .................................. 1361 This page intentionally left blank ix FOREWORD This book is intended as a practical tool to facilitate access to the Qumran collec- tion of Dead Sea Scrolls. As such, it is primarily intended for classroom use and for the benefit of specialists from other disciplines (scholars working on the He- brew Bible, the New Testament or Rabbinic literature, specialists on Semitic lan- guages, on the History of Judaism or on the History of Religions, among others) who need a reliable compendium of all the relevant materials found in this collec- tion. As such, it is not intended to compete with, let alone to replace, the editio princeps of the materials published in the series Discoveries in the Judaean Desert or outside this series, or the preliminary publications of materials which have not yet appeared in the DJD Series. The plates printed in the critical edi- tions, as well as the transcriptions, translations and commentaries of the first edi- tors are, and will always remain, the basis of all serious work on the Scrolls. Whereas the evidence of the biblical manuscripts from Qumran will be shortly available in The Qumran Bible by E. Ulrich, this book offers a fresh transcription and an English translation of all the relevant non-biblical texts found at Qumran, arranged by serial number from Cave 1 to Cave 11. By biblical scrolls we under- stand here the copies of the books that subsequently emerged as the traditional Hebrew Bible, as well as the remains of tefillin and mezuzot which only contain quotations of those biblical books. In several cases the distinction between bibli- cal and non-biblical texts is not clear-cut. Thus, the so-called Reworked Penta- teuch consists mainly of the biblical text of the pentateuchal books, be it some- times in a different order, but also has some sections with material that is not included in the Hebrew Bible; likewise, we have included the non-biblical psalms from the Psalms Scrolls 4Q88, 11Q5 and 11Q6. Not included are the scant re- mains of Ben Sira from Cave 2. The inclusion in the edition of these ‘additions’ does not imply a judgment on their ‘biblical’ or ‘non-biblical’ character. In three cases we have included texts not found at Qumran, but related to manuscripts from Qumran; this goes for the remains of the mediaeval copies of the Damascus Document and the Aramaic Levi Document found in the Cairo Genizah, and for the copy of the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice recovered at Masada. The transcriptions of the material included in this edition are fresh transcriptions made by the authors, though it is a very pleasant duty to recognize the debt to all previous work by teachers and colleagues. Our transcriptions rely not only on the identification and placement of the many tens of thousands of fragments achieved by the original editors of the non-biblical scrolls, who arranged the frag- ments for the photographs made by the Palestine Archaeological Museum in the x 1950s and 1960s, and the subsequent editions of these materials by the original editors, but also on all the editions done by other scholars. Although we have consulted the available editions of the individual manuscripts, the responsibility for the transcriptions here presented is entirely ours. We have checked all the proposed readings against the photographs accessible to us: the photographs provided by the published editions, the photographs included in the Brill microfiche edition and the photographs available in the Oxford-Brill’s CD- ROM. In most cases one will find no or few significant differences from other transcriptions because these readings are imposed by the univocal manuscript evidence. In the case of ambiguous manuscript evidence, and in view of the prac- tical purpose of this book, we have often adopted the suggestions of previous editors, rather than presenting alternative readings for the sake of originality and difference, even when such readings would be palaeographically or otherwise possible. The restorations of the text offered in the transcriptions are on the whole relatively sparse. The main exceptions are reconstructions based upon the pre- served text of parallel copies of the same manuscript. A considerable part of the materials was already accessible in translation in The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated . That translation has served as the base-text of the translations presented in this edition, but has been thoroughly checked and cor- rected by the authors. Of the greatest help for this revision was the Dutch transla- tion by A.S. van der Woude included in F. García Martínez & A.S. van der Woude, De Rollen van de Dode Zee Ingeleid en in het Nederlands vertaald (Kampen: Kok, 1994, 1995). Although we have consulted most other translations of indi- vidual manuscripts, the responsibility for the translations here presented is also ours. The practical purpose of the book has shaped the final translation: to a large extent literal, neutral and close to the transcribed text, even if the outcome lacks finesse and is less fluent than some other presently available translations. On the whole the translation aims to be a translation of the transcribed text on the facing page. Exceptions have been made for texts like Tobit , Jubilees and 1 Enoch , where the translation fills in the lacunae on the basis of the known non-Hebrew versions for the benefit of the readers. Although we have tried to be generally consistent in the translation of technical terms, we have not established a chart of translation-equivalents to avoid imposing an uniform meaning upon texts which may be of different origin or of different epochs. Other differences of translation, and also, to some extent, method of transcription, may be attributed to the proce- dure followed by the authors: each author prepared his own lot, and revised the lot of the other author. The practical purpose of the book has also governed the selection and the presen- tation of the materials. We have selected the materials on the basis of their exten- foreword xi siveness and interest, discarding most of the minute fragments which add little to our knowledge. On some occasions we have hesitantly opted for the inclusion of very small and insignificant fragments, only to provide some idea of the material remains of certain compositions, and in order not to leave too many entries empty. On the other hand, larger but, in our opinion, less interesting fragments from manuscripts have been omitted. This means that, in general, we present the largest fragments of a manuscript, and a selection of the smaller ones. Even so, many Q numbers from the different caves are exclusively made up of unidenti- fied or unclassified fragments, and we have not attempted to reproduce these snippets. In spite of this, we consider this edition relatively complete for the non- biblical scrolls, and as such it could be useful as a companion volume with tran- scriptions and translations for the users of the microfiche or the CD-ROM edi- tions of the photographs of the manuscripts. This same practical purpose has governed the presentation of the transcriptions. We have avoided all diacritical marks which indicate the degree of certainty of a reading. Readings which in our view are sufficiently assured or have a high de- gree of probability, even if the remains are minimal, are transcribed outside square brackets. When we are not reasonably assured of a reading, we have noted the letter within square brackets, as a reconstruction, or replaced it by one or more dots. We have not reproduced the extent of lacunae; three dots within square brackets ([...]) indicate any amount of missing text and three dots outside square brackets (]...[) any amount of unreadable (either undecipherable or meaningless) letters or words. Readings corrected by a copyist are indicated within accolades. The text printed within accolades ({...}) may represent erasures, letters with can- cellation dots, or text otherwise marked by the copyist as not to be read. One particular type of scribal correction, the overwriting and reshaping of individual letters, has not always been presented in the transcription. The indication vacat in the transcription, and Blank in the translation, indicate any amount of space left blank in the manuscript, either intentionally (as indication of a new paragraph) or accidentally. Words written above the line or in Palaeohebrew characters in the manuscript are reproduced as such in our transcription. In only a limited number of cases we have indicated obvious mistakes in the text which have not been corrected by the copyist. Text presented within angled brackets (< >) was written in the manuscripts, but should, in our opinion, be read otherwise or be deleted. Text within round brackets either presents our addition to the text, or indicates our corrected reading of the preceding word or words. The materials are arranged according to cave and serial number. For the materials which do not have a serial number (1QIsa a , 1QIsa b , 1QH a , 1QM, 1QS, 1QapGen, 1QpHab, and the three included non-Qumranic texts) we have adopted the procedure of the Companion Volume to the microfiche edition, placing them in foreword xii the immediate vicinity of the corresponding materials which do have a serial number. Each entry is provided with a heading which contains a summary of essential information: 1 Cave number and number of the manuscript, short title (when available) and official or descriptive title; it should be noted that the titles of the not yet offi- cially published manuscripts are still subject to change; 2 bibliographical data of the editio princeps or of the preliminary edition; 3 main PAM or SHR photographs of the manuscript; 4 place where the manuscript is kept and Inventory Number of the manuscripts in the Rockefeller Museum; 5 other copies of the composition from the same cave or from other caves, when extant; 6 when appropriate, other relevant bibliographical data. In the entries corresponding to biblical manuscripts the heading is followed by the references of the texts preserved on the individual fragments as published in the DJD Series. For the biblical manuscripts from Cave 4 which have not yet been published in the DJD Series the contents are indicated without linking them to concrete fragments, because the precise numbering of the fragments has not yet been fixed. In the entries corresponding to non-biblical manuscripts, the headings are followed by the transcription of the fragments with the translation in the fac- ing page. Only the more relevant PAM photographs are indicated. The information on the photographs and Museum Inventory numbers is mainly based on the data given in The Dead Sea Scrolls Catalogue. Documents, Photographs and Museum Inventory Numbers , Compiled by Stephen A. Reed, Revised and Edited by Marilyn J. Lundberg with the collaboration of Michael B. Phelps (SBL Re- sources for Biblical Study 32; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1994). This information has been checked and corrected when necessary with the Companion Volume to the Dead Sea Scrolls Microfiche Edition , Edited by Emanuel Tov with the Col- laboration of Stephen Pfann, Second Revised Edition, Leiden: E.J. Brill - IDC, 1995, and with the information provided in the bibliographical database of The Dead Sea Scrolls. Electronic Reference Library , Volume I, Edited by Timothy H. Lim in consultation with Philip S. Alexander, (Oxford University Press & Brill Academic Publishers, 1997). We also wish to thank Emanuel Tov for providing us with a copy of his updated desk-copy of the inventory of photographs and museum inventory numbers. Only the photographs available in the microfiche edition or in the CD-ROM are indicated, not other extant photographic collec- tions of DSS materials. foreword xiii It is a pleasant duty to acknowledge the help and to thank accordingly the many institutions and individuals who have contributed to the completion of this vol- ume. First and foremost all the original editors of the manuscripts whose names appear at the beginning of each entry: without their pioneering work this book would not have been possible. It would also not have been possible without the intensive work done for almost fifty years by a large community of scholars who dedicated their efforts to increasing our understanding of these texts. Although we have been forced to restrict to a minimum the bibliographical references, ex- cluding many names and many contributions, we are deeply indebted to each and all of these scholars, and we gladly acknowledge the influence of their work on our transcriptions and translations. Hans van der Meij, Pim Rietbroek and the technical staff of Brill Academic Publishers, have been very actively involved in all the phases of the production of this book; their interest and the constant care with which they have followed the whole process have been instrumental in the completion of the book; they have earned the thanks of the readers as well as our own. It is also a pleasure to thank the “Dirección General de Investigación y Desarrollo” of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, which funded the stay for a sabbatical semester in 1997 of F. García Martínez at the Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de las Religiones de la Universidad Complutense, and to its Director Julio Trebolle Barrera, who allowed this editor to work undis- turbed on this book. Likewise, we are indebted to the “Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen” which granted E.J.C. Tigchelaar an academy fel- lowship for a Qumran research project. Finally, we acknowledge and thank the unfailing support of the Theological Faculty of the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, our academic home base, which, with its Qumran Instituut, has established the ideal conditions for research. It is a pleasure to present this book as a token of the contribution of our Qumran Instituut in Groningen to the celebrations of the fiftieth anniversary of the Scrolls, and to dedicate it to A.S. van der Woude, the founder and former Director of the Qumran Instituut, on the occasion of his seventieth birthday. The Authors Groningen, October 1997 foreword xiv PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION As stated in the foreword to the first edition, the Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition (DSSSE) was primarily intended for classroom use. We are therefore very pleased that the publishers have agreed to print a second, even more affordable edition. The short period which elapsed between the first publication of DSSSE and the present new edition (DSSSE2), has precluded us from thoroughly revis- ing the work. Nevertheless, this edition contains numerous small improvements on the first edition. All typing errors, typographical inconsistencies, and acciden- tal omissions, which we ourselves observed or which were brought to our atten- tion, have been corrected. Occasionally we have modified the transcriptions and translations on the basis of our own research, or in recognition of suggestions graciously put forward by several colleagues all over the world. In order to facili- tate the use of the book we have indicated in the running heads the numbers of the columns in those documents which extend over many pages. The list of abbrevia- tions has been somewhat expanded in order to include works that are frequently quoted in short form in the bibliographical headings, and some of those bibliogra- phies have been updated with references to recent publications. On the basis of recent authoritative publications some of the numbers of lines, fragments, or col- umns, have been changed, especially in 4Q255 to 4Q264, and most of the titles given to the manuscripts have been brought into line with those of the latest ver- sion of the desk-copy of Emanuel Tov’s inventory. A very limited number of changes involves the reallocation of fragments among manuscripts or addition of fragments (some changes in the listing of the 4QPsalms manuscripts; 4Q177 19 has been deleted; 4Q392 and 4Q393 are now listed as one manuscript; the same goes for 4Q509 and 4Q505; 4Q556 now includes the transcription of one frag- ment). Due to all these different kinds of changes some pages have been consid- erably modified, whereas others are still exactly the same as in the first edition. On the whole the page numbers of this second edition correspond to those of the first one, though occasionally the insertion or deletion of text has caused some text to flow from one page to an other. Finally, we wish to acknowledge our debt to Martin Meijer of Bookman, Leiden, who took care of the layout of this work. Annemieke van der Kolk and Bauke Koole helped us with the typing of a large part of the Hebrew text in these volumes. Martin Baasten, of Leiden University, called our attention to many typo’s in the first edition. Anke Dorman, one of our students, checked all the PAM and ROC numbers by comparing them to those mentioned in other works. The Authors Groningen, April 1999 xv ABBREVIATIONS BNP Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris DAJ Department of Antiquities of Jordan IAA Israel Antiquities Authority PAM Palestine Archaeological Museum ROC Rockefeller Museum SHR Shrine of the Book The most important editions of texts are always quoted by the short title which precedes the full title in the following list. Other often quoted works are generally quoted in full, but sometimes in abbreviated form. In the case of multiple copies of a composition, full bibliographical details are usually presented in the head- ings of the first manuscript, whereas abbreviated titles are given in the headings of the other copies. Full titles of often abbreviated works are presented below. ATTM : K. Beyer, Die aramäischen Texte vom Toten Meer samt den Inschriften aus Palästina, dem Testament Levis aus der Kairoer Genisa, der Fastenrolle und den alten talmudischen Zitaten (Göttingen: Vanden- hoeck & Ruprecht, 1984) ATTME : K. Beyer, Die aramäischen Texte vom Toten Meer. Ergänzungsband (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Rup- recht, 1994) Book of Giants: L.T. Stuckenbruck, The Book of Giants from Qumran. Texts, Translation and Commentary (TSAJ 63; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1997) Books of Enoch: J.T. Milik, The Books of Enoch. Aramaic Fragments of Qumrân Cave 4 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1976) Catalogue : The Dead Sea Scrolls Catalogue. Documents, Pho- tographs and Museum Inventory Numbers , Com- piled by S.A. Reed, Revised and Edited by M.J. Lundberg, with the collaboration of M.B. Phelps (SBL Resources for Biblical Study 32; Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press, 1994) Concordance : A Preliminary Concordance to the Hebrew and Ara- maic Fragments from Qumran Cave II-X Including Especially the Unpublished Material from Cave 4 Printed from a card index prepared by R.E. Brown, xvi J.A. Fitzmyer, W.G. Oxtoby and J. Teixidor, pre- pared and arranged for printing by Hans-Peter Rich- ter. Privately printed 1988 Croyance des Esséniens: É. Puech, La Croyance des Esséniens en la Vie Fu- ture: Immortalité, Résurrection, Vie éternelle? Histoire d’une Croyance dans le Judaïsme Ancien I et II (Études Bibliques Nouvelle série 21-22; Paris: Gabalda, 1993) DJD I : Qumran Cave I , by D. Barthélemy, O.P. and J.T. Milik, with contributions by R. de Vaux, O.P., G.M. Crowfooot, H.J. Plenderleith, G.L. Harding (Dis- coveries in the Judaean Desert I; Oxford: Clarendon, 1955) DJD III : Les ‘Petites Grottes’ de Qumrân Exploration de la falaise. Les grottes 2Q, 3Q, 5Q, 6Q, 7Q à 10Q. Le rouleau de cuivre , par M. Baillet, J.T. Milik et R. de Vaux, O.P., avec une contribution de H.W. Baker (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert of Jordan III; Oxford: Clarendon, 1962) DJD IV : The Psalms Scroll of Qumran Cave 11 (11QPs a ), by J.A. Sanders (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert of Jordan IV; Clarendon: Oxford 1965) DJD V : Qumran Cave 4. I (4Q158-4Q186) , by J.M. Allegro, with the collaboration of A.A. Anderson (Discover- ies in the Judaean Desert of Jordan V; Oxford: Clarendon, 1969) DJD VI : Qumran grotte 4. II (4Q128-4Q157) , par R. de Vaux et J.T. Milik (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert VI; Oxford: Clarendon, 1977) DJD VII : Qumran grotte 4. III (4Q482-4Q520) , par M. Baillet (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert VII; Oxford: Clarendon, 1982) DJD IX : Qumran Cave 4. IV: Palaeo-Hebrew and Greek Manuscripts , by P.W. Skehan, E. Ulrich, J. Sanderson (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert IX; Oxford: Clarendon, 1992) DJD X : Qumran Cave 4. V: Miq ◊ at ma Æ a ̃ e ha-Torah , by E. Qimron and J. Strugnell, in consultation with Y. Sussmann, and with contributions by Y. Sussmann and A. Yardeni (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert X; Oxford: Clarendon, 1994) abbreviations xvii DJD XI: Qumran Cave 4. VI: Poetical and Liturgical Texts. Part 1 by E. Eshel, H. Eshel, C. Newsom, B. Nitzan, E. Schuller and A. Yardeni, in consultation with J. VanderKam and M. Brady (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert XI; Oxford: Clarendon, 1998) DJD XII : Qumran Cave 4. VII: Genesis to Numbers , by E. Ulrich, F.M. Cross (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert XII; Oxford: Clarendon, 1995) DJD XIII : Qumran Cave 4. VIII: Parabiblical Texts, Part 1 , edited by H. Attridge, T. Elgvin, J. Milik, S. Olyan, J. Strugnell, E. Tov, J. VanderKam, S. White, in con- sultation with J. VanderKam (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert XIII; Oxford: Clarendon, 1994) DJD XIV : Qumran Cave 4. IX: Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Kings , by E. Ulrich, F.M. Cross, S. White Crawford, J.A. Duncan, P.W. Skehan, E. Tov, J. Trebolle Barrera (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert XIV; Oxford: Clarendon, 1995) DJD XV : Qumran Cave 4. X: The Prophets , by E. Ulrich, F.M. Cross, R.E. Fuller, J.E. Sanderson, P.W. Skehan, E. Tov, with the collaboration of C.M. Murphy, C. Niccum (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert XV; Ox- ford: Clarendon, 1997) DJD XVI : Qumran Cave 4. XI: Psalms to Chronicles , by F.M. Cross, P. Flint, P. Skehan, E. Tov, J. Trebolle Barrera and E. Ulrich (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert XVI; Oxford: Clarendon, forthcoming) DJD XVIII : Qumran Cave 4. XIII: The Damascus Document (4Q266-273) , by J.M. Baumgarten, on the basis of transcriptions by J.T. Milik, with contributions by S. Pfann and A. Yardeni (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert XVIII; Oxford: Clarendon, 1996) DJD XIX : Qumran Cave 4. XIV: Parabiblical Texts, Part 2, ed- ited by M. Broshi, E. Eshel, J. Fitzmyer, E. Larson, C. Newsom, L. Schiffman, M. Smith, M. Stone, J. Strugnell, and A. Yardeni, in consultation with J. VanderKam (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert XIX; Oxford: Clarendon, 1995) DJD XX : Qumran Cave 4. XV: Sapiential Texts, Part 1 , edited by T. Elgvin, M. Kister, T. Lim, B. Nitzan, S. Pfann, E. Qimron, L.H. Schiffman, A. Steudel, in consulta- abbreviations xviii tion with J.A. Fitzmyer, partially based on earlier transcriptions by J.T. Milik and J. Strugnell (Discov- eries in the Judaean Desert XX; Oxford: Clarendon, 1997) DJD XXII : Qumran Cave 4. XVII: Parabiblical Texts, Part 3 , edited by G. Brooke, J. Collins, T. Elgvin, P. Flint, J. Greenfield, E. Larson, C. Newsom, É. Puech, L.H. Schiffman, M. Stone, and J. Trebolle Barrera, in consultation with J. VanderKam (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert XXII; Oxford: Clarendon, 1996) DJD XXIII: Qumran Cave 11. II: 11Q2-18, 11Q20-31 by F. García Martínez, E.J.C. Tigchelaar, A.S. van der Woude, incorporating earlier editions by J.P.M. van der Ploeg, O.P., with a contribution by E. Herbert (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert XXIII; Oxford: Clarendon, 1998) DJD XXV: Qumrân Grotte 4. XVIII: Textes hébreux (4Q521- 4Q528, 4Q576-4Q579) par Émile Puech (Dis- coveries in the Judaean Desert XXV; Oxford: Clarendon, 1998) DJD XXVI : Qumran Cave 4. XIX: 4QSerekh Ha-Ya Ω ad and Two Related Texts , by P.S. Alexander and G. Vermes (Discoveries in the Judaean Desert XXVI; Oxford: Clarendon, 1998) DJD XXVII : Aramaic, Hebrew and Greek Documentary Texts from Na Ω al º ever and Other Sites. With an Appen- dix Containing Alleged Qumran Texts (The Seiyâl Collection II), by H.M. Cotton and A. Yardeni (Dis- coveries in the Judaean Desert XXVII; Oxford: Clarendon, 1997) DSSHU : E.L Sukenik, אוצר המגילות הגנוזות (Jerusalem: Mosad Bialik/The Hebrew University, 1954) = The Dead Sea Scrolls of the Hebrew University (Jerusalem: Magnes Press/The Hebrew University, 1955) DSSSMM I : The Dead Sea Scrolls of St. Mark’s Monastery. Vol- ume I : The Isaiah Manuscript and the Habakkuk Commentary, edited by M. Burrows with the assist- ance of J.C. Trever and W.H. Brownlee (New Ha- ven: The American Schools of Oriental Research, 1950) DSSSMM II : The Dead Sea Scrolls of St. Mark’s Monastery. Vol- ume II . Fascicle 2: Plates and Transcription of the abbreviations abbreviations xix abbreviations abbreviations Manual of Discipline, edited by M. Burrows with the assistance of J.C. Trever and W.H. Brownlee (New Haven: The American Schools of Oriental Re- search, 1951) DSSU: R. Eisenman, M. Wise, The Dead Sea Scrolls Un- covered (Shaftesbury, 1992) Écrits préesséniens: J.T. Milik, ‘Écrits préesséniens de Qumrân: d’Hénoch à Amram’, in M. Delcor (ed.), Qumrân: Sa piété, sa théologie et son milieu (BETL 46; Paris- Gembloux: Duculot, 1978) 91-106 Legal Texts: M. Bernstein et al. (eds.), Legal Texts and Legal Is- sues. Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the In- ternational Organization for Qumran Studies Cam- bridge 1995. Published in Honour of Joseph M. Baumgarten (STDJ 23; Leiden: Brill, 1997) MPAT : J.A. Fitzmyer, D.J. Harrington, A Manual of Pales- tinian Aramaic Texts (Biblica et Orientalia 34; Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1978) Madrid Qumran Congress: J. Trebolle Barrera, L. Vegas Montaner (eds.), The Madrid Qumran Congress on the Dead Sea Scrolls 18-21 March 1991 (STDJ 11; Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1993) Microfiche : The Dead Sea Scrolls on Microfiche. A Comprehen- sive Facsimile Edition of the Texts from the Judean Desert , edited by E. Tov with the collaboration of S.J. Pfann (Leiden: E.J. Brill – IDC, 1993) Midrasch: A. Steudel, Der Midrasch zur Eschatologie aus der Qumrangemeinde (4QMidrEschata,b). Materielle Rekonstruktion, Textbestand, Gattung und tradi- tionsgeschichtliche Einordnung des durch 4Q174 (‘Florilegium’) und 4Q177 (‘Catena A’) repräsen- tierten Werkes aus den Qumranfunden (STDJ 13; Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994) ‘Milkî- ◊ edeq’: J.T. Milik, ‘Milkî- ◊ edeq et Milkî-re · a‘ dans les anciens écrits juifs et chrétiens’, JJS 23 (1972) 95- 144 Minor Prophets: R.E. Fuller, The Minor Prophets Manuscripts from Qumrân, Cave 4 (Diss. Harvard 1988) ‘Notes’: J. Strugnell, ‘Notes en marge du volume V des “Dis- coveries in the Judaean Desert of Jordan”’, RevQ 7/ 26 (1970) 163-276, pls. I-VI