A fj Presented to the UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY bi/ the ONTARIO LEGISLATIVE LIBRARY 1980 LIBERIA A Mandingo Woman V Ml f LIBERIA/ By SIR HARRY JOHNSTON G.C.M.G., K.C.B.. D.Sc. Gold Medallist Royal Geographical, Royal Scottish Geographical, and Zoological Societies: Author of " The Uganda Protectorate," " History of the Colonisation of Africa," etc. WITH AN APPENDIX ON THE FLORA OF LIBERIA By DR. OTTO STAFF, F.L.S. Principal Assistant, Kew Herbarium 28 Coloured Illustrations by Sir Harry Johnston 24 Botanical Drawings by Miss Matilda Smith 402 Black and White Illustrations from the Author's Drawing* and from Photographs by the Author and others 22 Maps by Mr. J. W. Addison, Capt. H. D. Pearson, R.E., Lieut. E. W. Cox, R.E., and the Author ** A more enviable renown England never won— no, not when from the reluctant hancJ" of the throne she wrung the Charter of her liberties, not when beneath the raging waves- she sank the Spanish Armada, not even "when her power struck down Napoleon — than when the perishing African cried to her and she listened and saved." R. R. GuRLEV (one of the founders of Liberia), Philadelphia, U.S.A., i83c>. IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. II London: HUTCHINSON & Ci «/<' li^ternoster Row ^ ^ U .4V it«. Oh CONTENTS OF VOL. II CHAP. page:: XXII. Flora of Liberia 521 Appendix IV. List of the known plants of Liberia, by Dr. Otto Stapf 570- XXIII. Fauna : Mammals 670' Appendix V. List of known Mammalia .... 754 XXIV. Fauna : Birds 758- Appendix VI. List of the known Birds of Liberia, by Mr. Charles Chubb •. 787- XXV. Fauna : Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fish 807- Appendix VII. A list of known Reptiles, Amphibia, and Fish 832- XXVI. Fauna : Invertebrates 839> Appendix VIII. Lists of Invertebrate Animals 86o- XXVII. Anthropology : Historical 884_ XXVIII. Anthropology : Physical 930 XXIX. Anthropology : Sociai 1029. XXX. Folklore 1083. XXXI. Languages 1091 Appendix IX. The Vai Syllabarium or Alphabet iii6' XXXII. Vocabularies 1136' Index .1161 V COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOL. II FROM THE AUTHOR'S PAINTINGS NO. 14. >S- 16. '7- 18. 20. 21. 22. 23- 24. 25- 26. 27. 28. A Mandingo woman ....... The Bay-tliiglied Diana monkey {Cercopithecus ignila) The Golden cat {Felts celidogaster) .... The Pygmy Hippopotamus {Hippopotamus liberiensis') The Water chevrotain (Dorcatherittnt aquaticum) The Bongo tragelaph (Booceicus euryceros) The White-shouldered or Jentink's duiker, known to the Liberians as " Four-eyes." Peculiar to Liberia .... The Zebra antelope {Cephalophus dorice). Peculiar to Liberia Maxwell's duiker (Cephalophus maxwelUi) : the "Filantomba" of Sierra Leone ........... The Great kingfisher (Ceryle maxima) ...... The White-crested hornbill, or " Monkey bird " (Ortholophus leucolophus Male and female Black hornbill (Ceratogymna atrata) The Broad-mouthed Roller (Eurystomtis afer), " Day-bat " of the Liberians ....."... The Black-beaked Kingfisher {Akedo guenthert) The Red-and-blue Lizard {Agama colonorum) A Basa man (Kru race) ...... Frontispiece to Vol. II To face p. 680 702 716 726 730 738 746 750 778 780 784 786 796 814 942 BLACK AND WHITE ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOL. II NO. TITLE. SOURCE. PAGE 209. The "scrub" (once-cultivated land on which forest is springing up again) Photograph by the Author 525 210. The base of a forest tree, to show buttressed trunk ........ Photograph by Mr. Crommelin 526 „,, T, r ., , ( Photopraph by Mr. Cecil H."\ , _ 211. The base of a cotton tree ! r- • S27 \^ tiriinn \ -* ' 212. Coula etiulis ' Drawing by Miss Matilda Sinitli 529 213. Leaves and flowers of Bcr//;H'a aCHj«('Ko/n Drawing by the Author. 530 214. Flower o( Ber/iiiia acuminata ... ,, „ „ 531 215. Barteria nigritiana ...... ,, ,, ,, 532 216. Female papaw tree ...... Photograph by Mr. T.H.Myring 533 217. White - sepalled Mussaendas growing in Liberian bush ...... Photograph by the Author 534 218. Musscenda isertiana ..... Drawing l>y the Author 535 219. Strophanthus gratus ..... Drawing by Miss Matilda Smith 537 220. An Aristolochia llower unopened Drawing by the Author 539 221. A rubber-producing fig tree (probably Ficus vogelii) • Photograph by the Author 541 222. Listrostachys caudata, an epiphytic orchis of Western Africa ...... Drazving by the Author 543 223. An Angracum orchis of West Africa ? [^A. eich- leriauum] „ „ „ 545 224. A species of Castas, a zingiberaceous plant ,, „ ,, 547 225. Flower-stalk of Renealmia, a zingiberaceous plant „ ,, „ 548 226. A species of Sarcophrynium, a handsome- foliaged plant in the Liberian undergrowth „ „ „ 549 227. The water-loving Crinum lily (C. natans) „ ,, ,, 550 228. A very tall Dracaena or dragon tree ,, ., ,, 551 229. A Calamus palm Photograph by the Author 552 230. Paphia vim/era palm Photograph by theDucdcMorny 553 231. Oil palms (ftos) i Photograph by Lieul.-Coloneiy ^^^ 232. The Borassus palm Photograph by the Author 555 ix Black and White Illustrations in Vol. II scandens) HO. TITLE. '33- Coconut palms .... 234. Mango and bread-fniit tree jjj. Voung leaves of Anchoinaites arum 236. Later leaf of AMclwiiianes arum *37- Spathc and spadix of Anchoniaties dubius 238. Seeds of J nc/ionmiies dubius 239. Cyrlos/fniia seiitgaUnst 24a A climbing Culcasia arum (C, 241. A white-spathed Culcasia 342. Ntphlhylis ccHslricta 243. Rhfklophyllum tuiiabile 244. The "dear, familiar bracken' 245. Leaf of Cyrlospenna arum 246. Alroxinm liberica 347. Contphia subcurdata 248. Urobolrya auguslifolia 249. Atidrosiphoiiia adeiiostegin 250. Latidolphia owarimsis 251. Clilandra uilida 252. Clilandra luembianacea 253. Carpodinus oocarpa 254. Rauwolfia liberieiisis 255. Callichilia stenosepala 256. Conopharyngin longijlura 357. Conopkaryngia crassa 258. Voacanga caudijiora 259. Pltioceias whylei 260. Futttuuiia africana 261. Fuiilumia claslica 262. Alafia parcijiora 363. Afrodaphne caudala 264. f «Vhs vogelii 365. Ficus johnslouii 266. Laiidolphia owariensis growing round a fig tree 267. Black and while fiihing vulture (Gypohierax) 268. Brush-tailed porcupine (Alherura) 269. Brush-tailed porcupine 270. The African Ground-rat or octodont ( iwmys) ..... 271. Head of Ground-rat (Thrynomys), to bare and rather depressed nostrils 272. The Scrval cat (We&t African specimen Libcrian frontier) 273. Skins of Ftlis celidogaaUr from Central Liberia X Ihry- show from SOURCE. 1 Photograph by Mr. Crommelin Photograph by Mr. T. H. Myring Drawing by the Author Photograph by the Author Drawing by the Author Draiving by Miss Matilda Smith Drawing by the Author Draiving by Miss Matilda Smith Photograph lent by Mr. Quinton Drawing by the Author Photograph by Mr. W. P.Dando Photograph by Mr. Hattersley (Photograph by Mr. Henry ^ \ Irving j f Photograph by Mr. Cecil //. ) \^ Firm in J Photograph by the Author 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 S63 564 56s 566 567 569 579 585 589 607 617 619 621 623 625 627 629 631 633 635 637 639 641 647 65 « 653 669 671 697 698 699 700 701 703