CreoCore Technology English CreoCore Technology MODBUS Master CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC Control module for fans systems HMI Operating Instructions Software version: from version 1.11.2 HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 2 / 48 CreoCore Technology Content 1. General Informa Ɵ on .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.1. Structure of the Manual ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Intended Audience ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.3. Disclaimer of Liability ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.4. Copyright No Ɵ ce ................................................................................................................................. 4 2. Safety Instruc Ɵ ons ..................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Proper Use .......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2. Explana Ɵ ons of Symbols ..................................................................................................................... 5 2.3. Product Safety .................................................................................................................................... 5 2.4. Personnel Requirements and Responsibili Ɵ es ................................................................................... 5 2.5. Commissioning and Opera Ɵ on ........................................................................................................... 5 2.6. Working on the Device ....................................................................................................................... 6 2.7. Modifica Ɵ ons and Altera Ɵ ons ............................................................................................................ 6 2.8. Operator’s Responsibili Ɵ es ................................................................................................................. 6 3. Controls and Menu .................................................................................................................................... 7 3.1. Main HMI screen ................................................................................................................................ 7 3.2. Main Menu screen ............................................................................................................................. 9 3.3. Menu Overview ................................................................................................................................ 10 4. Quick start ............................................................................................................................................... 12 4.1. Precondi Ɵ ons for quick start ............................................................................................................ 12 4.2. Quick start process ........................................................................................................................... 12 4.3. Local/Remote unit control mode ..................................................................................................... 13 4.4. PINs ................................................................................................................................................... 13 5. Programming control module ................................................................................................................. 14 5.1. Se ƫ ng ............................................................................................................................................... 14 5.2. Alarms .............................................................................................................................................. 16 5.2.1. Messages ...................................................................................................................................16 5.3. Timers ............................................................................................................................................... 17 5.4. Base setup ........................................................................................................................................ 19 5.5. I/O setup ........................................................................................................................................... 19 5.5.1. Analog inputs AI ........................................................................................................................20 5.5.2. Analog outputs AO ....................................................................................................................21 5.5.3. Digital inputs DI .........................................................................................................................22 5.5.4. Digital outputs DO .....................................................................................................................23 5.5.5. RS485 communication interface. ..............................................................................................24 5.5.6. Ethernet communication interface ...........................................................................................26 HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 3 / 48 CreoCore Technology 5.5.7. BACnet communication interface .............................................................................................27 5.6. Modbus master ................................................................................................................................ 27 5.6.1. Auto addressing .........................................................................................................................28 5.6.2. Manual addressing ....................................................................................................................28 5.7. Slave configura Ɵ on ........................................................................................................................... 29 5.7.1. Control speed setpoint ..............................................................................................................30 5.7.2. Restore factory settings ............................................................................................................30 5.8. Controller setup ................................................................................................................................ 31 5.8.1. Controller type ..........................................................................................................................31 5.8.2. PID setup ...................................................................................................................................31 5.9. Limits ................................................................................................................................................ 32 5.10. System ............................................................................................................................................ 33 5.11. Fan info ........................................................................................................................................... 34 6. Fan replacement procedure .................................................................................................................... 38 7. Control without BACnet .......................................................................................................................... 39 7.1. Wire connec Ɵ on ............................................................................................................................... 39 7.2. Configura Ɵ on .................................................................................................................................... 40 8. Appendix A1. BACnet mapping ............................................................................................................... 41 9. Appendix A2. Pressure sensor configura Ɵ on .......................................................................................... 45 9.1. HK Instruments DPT-MOD Series ..................................................................................................... 45 9.1.1. Schematics.................................................................................................................................45 9.1.2. Wire diagram .............................................................................................................................45 9.1.3. Configuration.............................................................................................................................45 10. Appendix A3. Connec Ɵ on external wiring ............................................................................................. 46 11. Appendix A4. WIRING DIAGRAMS ......................................................................................................... 47 11.1. Scheme with contactor .................................................................................................................. 47 11.2. Scheme without contactor ............................................................................................................. 48 HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 4 / 48 CreoCore Technology 1. General Information 1.1. Structure of the Manual Before installing and operating the device, carefully read this manual to ensure proper usage! Please note that this manual applies only to specific units and is not intended to cover the entire system. Use this document to safely operate and maintain the device. It includes essential safety guidelines and important information necessary for reliable operation. This manual should remain with the device at all times. Ensure that all personnel working with or on the device have access to it. Retain this manual for future reference. It must be provided to all subsequent owners, users, and operators. 1.2. Intended Audience This manual is intended for professionals responsible for planning, installing, commissioning, maintaining, and servicing the device. Such individuals should possess the required qualifications and expertise. 1.3. Disclaimer of Liability While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and alignment between the contents of this manual and the corresponding hardware and software, discrepancies may still occur. No guarantee is given for absolute conformity. Technical specifications and construction details are subject to change due to ongoing improvements. We assume no liability for potential errors or omissions in the provided information, illustrations, or diagrams. The manufacturer is not responsible for damages resulting from misuse, improper handling, unauthorized modifications, or repairs. 1.4. Copyright Notice This manual contains proprietary information. Reproduction, translation, copying, or digital storage of any part of this document is prohibited without prior written permission from the manufacturer. Violations may result in legal consequences. All rights are reserved, including those related to patents or utility model registrations. 2. Safety Instructions This section provides guidelines to prevent injuries and property damage. These instructions do not claim to be exhaustive. If you have questions or encounter issues, contact the manufacturer’s technical support. 2.1. Proper Use This device must only be used for the applications specified and confirmed in the order. Any other usage that deviates from or exceeds the defined scope is considered unauthorized unless expressly agreed upon in writing. The manufacturer is not liable for damages resulting from such unauthorized use; the user assumes full responsibility. HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 5 / 48 CreoCore Technology 2.2. Explanations of Symbols Safety instructions are marked with warning symbols and classified according to the level of risk: Attention! General hazard warning. Failure to follow precautions may result in serious injury, death, or significant property damage. Electrical Hazard Warning of dangerous electrical voltage Severe injury or death may occur if proper precautions are not followed. Information. Additional important details and guidance for the user. 2.3. Product Safety The device is designed to meet industry standards at the time of delivery and is considered reliable when used correctly. It must be in proper working condition and installed and operated according to the assembly and operating instructions. Using the device beyond its specified technical limits (as stated on the nameplate and technical data) may lead to malfunction or damage. In the event of a failure or malfunction, check all alarm functions to prevent injury or property damage. Backup operation should be considered where applicable. When used in environments housing livestock, malfunctions in air supply must be detected immediately to prevent critical conditions. System design and installation must comply with local laws and regulations. 2.4. Personnel Requirements and Responsibilities Individuals responsible for planning, installation, commissioning, maintenance, and servicing of the device must possess the necessary skills and qualifications. They must also be familiar with applicable safety regulations national, regional, and company-specific regulations. Trainees and apprentices may only work on the device under the supervision of qualified personnel. The legal minimum working age must be observed. This device is not intended for use by individuals (including children) with limited physical, sensory, or cognitive abilities, or by those lacking relevant experience and knowledge. 2.5. Commissioning and Operation Attention!  During startup, unforeseen hazardous conditions may arise due to incorrect settings, faulty components, or improper wiring. Keep people and objects away from hazardous areas.  During operation, the device must be enclosed or installed in a control cabinet. Only new, specified fuses should be used, and they must not be repaired or bypassed. Always adhere to the specified fuse ratings (see technical data). Use only fuses indicated in the schematic diagrams. HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 6 / 48 CreoCore Technology  Any detected faults in the electrical system, modules, or operating components must be addressed immediately. Operating the device/system with known faults is highly dangerous and strictly prohibited.  Ensure the motor/fan runs smoothly with minimal vibration. Follow all relevant instructions in the drive documentation. 2.6. Working on the Device Information Installation, electrical connections, and commissioning must only be performed by a qualified electrician in compliance with applicable electrical regulations (e.g., NFPA 70 or NFPA 79). Electrical Hazard Working on live electrical components is strictly prohibited. When the device is open, it has an IP00 protection rating, meaning hazardous voltages may be directly accessible. Before performing any work, ensure safe disconnection from the power supply using a two-pole voltage tester. Attention! The device may restart automatically after a power failure or mains disconnection. 2.7. Modifications and Alterations Attention! For safety reasons, unauthorized modifications or interventions in the device are strictly prohibited. Any planned modifications must be approved in writing by the manufacturer. Only use original spare parts, wear parts, and accessories specifically designed for the device. There is no guarantee that non-original components meet safety and performance requirements. Parts or optional equipment not supplied or approved by the manufacturer are not permitted for use with the device. 2.8. Operator’s Responsibilities  The contractor or owner must ensure that electrical systems and equipment are operated and maintained in accordance with relevant regulations.  The owner is responsible for ensuring that the device is always in proper working condition.  The device must only be used for its intended purpose.  Safety equipment must be inspected periodically to ensure proper functionality.  Assembly and operating instructions must always be available at the site of operation, in complete and legible condition.  Personnel must receive regular training on workplace safety, environmental protection, and device operation, including familiarity with all safety instructions.  Safety and warning labels attached to the device must remain intact and legible at all times. HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 7 / 48 CreoCore Technology 3. Controls and Menu 3.1. Main HMI screen The HMI device has touch control and is controlled by pressing the screen, multi touch is supported. Fig1. Main screen (PID control type) Num Symbol Description Function 1 Local/Remote unit control mode button Local/Remote unit control mode 2 Fan status indication Grey – stopped Grey(animated) – running Red – alarm 3 ON/OFF button Turns the device On/Off 4 Schedule indication Visible if the scheduled control mode is active 5 Alarm indication Indication faults and quick access button to the current alarm menu Grey – no alarms 1 2 3 4 5 7 9 6 8 11 12 10 15 14 13 HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 8 / 48 CreoCore Technology Red – alarm present 6 Auto AUTO button Auto mode on/off button Grey – Off Blue – On 7 Level access button The button allows you to change or set the current access levels. 8 Manual Manual button Manual mode on/off button Grey – Off Blue – On 9 Main menu button The button for access to the main menu of parameters and settings. 10 Fan info Fan information This menu displays the current parameters of the fan. To open the information window, click on the area with the fan symbol. 11 Pressure Temperature Flow Sensors value indication Indication of current sensors values 12 Pressure setpoint Controlled parameter setpoint Setting the controlled parameter (depends on the selected operating mode of the device BaseSetup → Mode ) 13 Speed Speed indication/setpoint In automatic mode, this is an indication of the current performance of the fan(s) in %. In manual mode, this is the input field for setting the performance of the fan(s) in %. 14 AHU1 Unit name input field Unit name input field (can be custom) 15 Level 1 Level 2 Admin Level access indication Shows the current access level for the enable to control the device 16 Setpoint MIN Speed setpoint Input field for setting the controlled value at which the speed will be minimal. This Input field is displayed if Linear controller type selected 17 Setpoint MAX Speed setpoint Input field for setting the controlled value at which the speed will be minimal. This Input field is displayed if Linear controller type selected HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 9 / 48 CreoCore Technology Fig2. Main screen (Linear control type) 3.2. Main Menu screen The screen for access Level 1 and below looks like this: Fig3. Menu Level 1 16 17 HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 10 / 48 CreoCore Technology The screen for access Level 2 and below looks like this: Fig4. Menu Level 2 The screen for access Admin, Level 3 and below looks like this: Fig5. Menu Admin, Level 3 3.3. Menu Overview Main menu item Submenu item Second submenu item Settings Setpoint Minimum Speed Maximum Speed Manual Speed Flow calculate type K - Factor Air flow unit Remote Control Source Duct type Duct height Duct with Unit of area Min Speed Pressure Max Speed Pressure Min Speed Temperature HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 11 / 48 CreoCore Technology Max Speed Temperature Min Speed Humidity Max Speed Humidity Min Speed CO2 Max Speed CO2 Timers Week scheduler Edit event System HMI Brightness HMI sound VNC HMI Ethernet settings HMI С OM settings HMI COM port Date/Time settings Reboot Controller Base setup Base Mode Number of fans Fan type I/O setup AI Function AI(1 - 8) Type of input AI(1 - 8) Sens. scale Min AI(1 - 8) Sens. scale Max AI(1 - 8) Unit meas. AI(1 - 8) AO Function AO(1 - 2) Type of output AO(1 - 2) DI Function DI(1 - 2) Type of input DI(1 - 2) DO Function DO(1 - 2) Type of output DO(1 - 2) RS485 Address RS485 - 1 Protocol RS485 - 1 Databit RS485 - 1 StopBit RS485 - 1 Parity RS485 - 1 Baud RS485 - 1 Address RS485 - 2 Protocol RS485 - 2 Databit RS485 - 2 StopBit RS485 - 2 Parity RS485 - 2 Baud RS485 - 2 Ethernet HTTP Port number TCP/IP Port number IP address Default Gateway Net mask HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 12 / 48 CreoCore Technology Prim. DNS Sec. DNS Enable DCHP BACnet Subnet ID BACnet port number Controller setup Controller type PID Kp PID Ti PID Td Modbus master Slave config Manual address Auto addressing Alarms Active alarms Historical Limits Alarm Max. Pressure Admin speed Min % Admin speed Max % Service Heal th score Efficiency monitor Maintenance settings 4. Quick start 4.1. Preconditions for quick start Attention! Before powering on the device, ensure the following: 1. The unit is installed and connected according to the provided instructions. 2. All wiring and connections have been thoroughly checked for accuracy. 3. The supplied voltage matches the specifications indicated on the device label. 4. The area around the fan is clear of any objects or personnel to prevent hazards. 4.2. Quick start process Power on the device  The display will activate and show initial system information. Unlock access Level 2  Select Level2  Enter Password 1112 for Level 2 and press Enter  To activate the access level, press Login HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 13 / 48 CreoCore Technology Fig6. Login Set basic setting  Set the parameters for the base mode, number of fans and fan type Fig7. Base setup Start operation mode  Back to the Main screen  Select AUTO or MANUAL mode  Push ON/OFF button to start operation unit 4.3. Local/Remote unit control mode The unit has two control modes:  Local - control is possible only from the local control panel. Control signals from external sources are ignored.  Remote - control is possible only through remote control sources (by default, BACnet protocol) 4.4. PINs PIN Function PIN 0111 Opening Level 1 for selecting the operating mode and setting the timer PIN 1112 Opening Level 2 for selecting basic setting and all parameters PIN **** Opening Level 3 and Admin for service menu (available upon request) HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 14 / 48 CreoCore Technology 5. Programming control module The control module menu allows users to configure and customize the operation of the control system. This allows performance to be optimized to meet specific operating requirements. Fig8. Settings (PID control type) Fig9. Settings (Linear control type) 5.1. Setting Setting Setpoint Setting the controlled parameter (depends on the selected operating mode of the device BaseSetup → Mode ) Setting range: in measuring range of sensor Factory setting: 0.3inWC Min. Speed Minimum fan speed Setting range: 0... “Max. Speed” Factory setting: 2 0 % Max. Speed Minimum fan speed Setting range: 100 %... “Min. Speed” Factory setting: 100 % Flow calc. type The Flow Calculation Type menu allows users to select the method for determining airflow. The available options include K-factor , which uses a predefined coefficient based on the fan type, and Pro Area , where airflow is calculated based on the cross - sectional area of the duct. K-Factor Input of the “K factor” dependent on the fan (inlet duct) Setting range: 0...5000 HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 15 / 48 CreoCore Technology Factory setting: 75 Air flow unit Unit air volume display (CFM, FPM, m/s, m3/h, m3/min, L/min) Factory setting: CFM Remote Control Source Selecting a control signal in remote mode. Selecting the remote control source (BACnet, 0-10V) Factory setting: BACnet Duct type This menu item is displayed if Pro Area calculation type is selected. Selecting the type of air duct (Square, Round) Factory setting: 1 Duct height This menu item is displayed if Pro Area calculation type is selected. Duct height values. Factory setting: 1 Duct radius This menu item is displayed if Pro Area calculation type is selected. Duct height values. Factory setting: 1 Duct with This menu item is displayed if Pro Area calculation and Round duct type is selected. Duct with values. Factory setting: 1 Unit of area Unit of area display (mm, cm, m, in, ft) Factory setting: ft Min Speed Pressure This menu item is displayed if Linear controller type and Static pressure base operating mode is selected. The pressure setting at which the fan speed will be equal to the minimum fan speed setting. Factory setting: 1.5 inWc Max Speed Pressure This menu item is displayed if Linear controller type and Static pressure base operating mode is selected. The pressure setting at which the fan speed will be equal to the maximum fan speed setting. Factory setting: 0.5 inWc Min Speed Temperature This menu item is displayed if Linear controller type and Temperature base operating mode is selected. The pressure setting at which the fan speed will be equal to the minimum fan speed setting. Factory setting: 64 F Max Speed Temperature This menu item is displayed if Linear controller type and Temperature base operating mode is selected. The pressure setting at which the fan speed will be equal to the maximum fan speed setting. Factory setting: 86 F Min Speed Humidity This menu item is displayed if Linear controller type and Humidity base operating mode is selected. The pressure setting at which the fan speed will be equal to the minimum fan speed setting. Factory setting: 40 % Max Speed Humidity This menu item is displayed if Linear controller type and Humidity base operating mode is selected. The pressure setting at which the fan speed will be equal to the maximum fan speed setting. Factory setting: 70 % Min Speed CO2 This menu item is displayed if Linear controller type and CO2 base operating mode is selected. The pressure setting at which the fan speed will be equal to the minimum fan speed setting. Factory setting: 600 ppm HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 16 / 48 CreoCore Technology Max Speed CO2 This menu item is displayed if Linear controller type and CO2 base operating mode is selected. The pressure setting at which the fan speed will be equal to the maximum fan speed setting. Factory setting: 1200 ppm 5.2. Alarms Fig10. Active alarms Fig11. Historical Alarms Active alarms Displays all active alarm and warning messages. Press [RESET ALARMS] to reset faults. Historical Displays the history of alarm messages, alarm message status, time and date of the event ( save last 90 day s) 5.2.1. Messages Messa ge Cause of failure Reaction of с ontroller Pressure sens. Fault Interruption / short circuit in the sensor leads or sensor values measured are out- side measuring range The device is operating at the last speed that was before the sensor failure. Check sensor. HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 17 / 48 CreoCore Technology Temperat. sens. Fault Interruption / short circuit in the sensor leads or sensor values measured are out- side measuring range The device is operating at the last speed that was before the sensor failure. Check sensor. Flow sens. Fault Interruption / short circuit in the sensor leads or sensor values measured are out- side measuring range The device is operating at the last speed that was before the sensor failure. Check sensor. Fan #1 drive Fault Alarm from drive or external contact fan. Example for Fan 1, in other cases it corresponds to the number of other fans. The control module continues running unchanged. Reset required on the fan ( operating instructions of the device concerned). Check fan drive. Fan#1 ModbusCom Fault Connection to the MODBUS Master interface interrupted The number of fans does not correspond to the actual one. Example for Fan 1, in other cases it corresponds to the number of other fans. The control module continues running unchanged. Check fan count. Check MODBUS connection Max. Pressure The system pressure has exceeded the current setting. If the system pressure exceeds the current setting, the fan(s) will switch to minimum speed. If the pressure falls below the setting, the fan will continue to operate according to the previous algorithm. Check the air duct for blockage. Check pressure sensor. Safety Fault An external safety signal was received at the discrete input of the controller. The control module turns off the fan’s operation. Check the external safety circuit. After eliminating the cause of equipment safety, reset the alarm signal and turn on the equipment. 5.3. Timers HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 18 / 48 CreoCore Technology Fig12. Calendar of weekly event schedule Fig13. Edit event Timer Week scheduler Edit event. 1. Select event #1 2. Select the current function 3. Select the activation time of the current event. 3. Select the day of the week to activate the current event. 4. Select. event #2 5. Select. event #2 function, time, day of week Programming of 8 events is available. List of possible functions:  No event - all actions for the current event are disabled  On - fan is on, works depending on the selected control mode (auto/manual)  Off - fan is off, indication of standby mode  Speed10% - fan is turned on at a fixed speed  Speed10% - fan is turned on at a fixed speed  Speed20% - fan is turned on at a fixed speed  Speed30% - fan is turned on at a fixed speed  Speed40% - fan is turned on at a fixed speed  Speed50% - fan is turned on at a fixed speed  Speed60% - fan is turned on at a fixed speed  Speed70% - fan is turned on at a fixed speed  Speed80% - fan is turned on at a fixed speed  Speed90% - fan is turned on at a fixed speed  Speed 100% - fan is turned on at a fixed speed Information Events must be configured in sequential order starting with event 1. There are 8 events available for configuration that can be configured for each day of the week. HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 19 / 48 CreoCore Technology Information If the function is selected but no day of the week is selected, the scheduled operation mode will not be activated! If at least one day of the week is selected, and the current function = NO EVENT, the scheduled operation mode will not be activated! 5.4. Base setup A menu item with basic starting settings that are set during initial commissioning. Fig14. Base setup BaseSetup Mode Unit base operating mode.  Static pressure - control air pressure in the system  Temperature - control air temperature in the system  Humidity - control air humidity in the system  CO2 - control CO2 value in the system Factory setting: Static pressure Number of fans Total number of fans used in the current unit (1-16) Factory setting: 1 Fan type Type of fans used. Factory setting: Rosenberg601 Type of fans:  Rosenberg601 (size 1-3, gen3)  Rosenberg602 (size 4-6, gen3)  Zeihl-abbegg  EBM papst ( Modbus v6.3 ) 5.5. I/O setup In this menu, you can individually configure the functions and types of signals for more flexible use of the device or in the event of failure of one of the controller inputs. HMI Operating Instructions CreoCore Technology Master – series CCT-FC-PLC-SE-PTHC 20 / 48 CreoCore Technology Fig15. Analog input 5.5.1. Analog inputs AI I/O setup → AI Function The analog inputs (AI1 - AI8) can be allocated with various functions. Functions list:  Not used – input Not used  Air Pressure - air differential sensor  Air Temper. - air temperature sensor  Air Flow - air flow sensor  Humidity - air humidity sensor  CO2 - air CO2 sensor  Rem Speed - remote control source Type Different types of signals can be assigned to analog inputs (AI1 - AI8). Signal type Modbus RTU, assigned to the current function, not to the current analog input. Types of signals list:  NTC(NK103)  NTC(103AT)  4...20mA  0-10V  Ratiometric  PT1000  PTC  0-5V  0...20mA  Modbus RTU Scale Range Min. Minimum measurement range of the sensor, as specified on the sensor label Scale Range Maximum Maximum measurement range of the sensor, as specified on the sensor label Calibration This parameter used to adjust the analog input AI by applying a calibration offset or scaling factor, ensuring accurate sensor readings. The input field is used to manually enter the offset parameter. The SET ZERO button is used to automatically calculate and set the required offset. Important! To correctly set the offset calibration parameter, you must make sure that the readings on the sensor screen are 0.00 , after which you can press the SET ZERO button. Setting range: -1000...1000 Factory setting: - 8