#1: vehicle dynamic #2: stability #3: tire #4: riding training # 4 : r i d i n g t r a i n i n g S T A N D A R D T R A I N I N G TARGET: to practice on how to perform relevant manoeuvre in a safe and repeatable way in order to benchmark different vehicles or different technical solutions. The course is focused on riding capabilities for testing engineers. KEYWORDS: approach vehicle testing; be safe and be effective while testing; to perform soft handling, comfort and stability manoeuvres and being able to judge and compare vehicles. A D V A N C E D T R A I N I N G TARGET: to become safer and expert while riding. Those competencies will improve testing qualities and vehicle assessment. KEYWORDS: improve vehicle testing capabilities; safer and more effective; being ready to react in safe; how to judge vehicle response; benchmark. MOTORCYCLE A c a d e m y # 1 : v e h i c l e d y n a m i c # 2 : s t a b i l i t y # 3 : t i r e T H E O R Y TARGET: To approach the analysis of vehicle dynamic through an easy approach, useful for engineering everyday work. KEYWORDS: vehicle body and geometry; front trail; steering torque; tire response; intro on stability; gyroscopic effects; equilibrium in straight line motion; entering in a turn; steady cornering. S I M U L A T I O N TARGET: to be able to generate a vehicle model and to perform relevant manoeuvres aimed to investigate vehicle behaviour. KEYWORDS: vehicle modelling; motion equations; modelling approaches; non linear time - based simulation; linearization; eigenvalue value and eigen vector approach; sensitivity analysis over relevant parameters; control logics implementation. P R O V I N G G R O U N D TARGET: to be able to instrument a sample vehicle and to learn how to perform reference manoeuvres aimed to characterize vehicle behaviour, and to perform data post processing of the acquired quantities. KEYWORDS: vehicle instrumentation; reference/relevant manoeuvres; data verification and post - processing; rider perception of vehicle response T H E O R Y TARGET: to approach vehicle vibration modes and the most relevant parameters affecting riding stability. KEYWORDS: equations of motion; vibration modes; modal damping ratio; identification techniques; critical speed; key parameters affecting stability; effects of structural stiffness; rider/pillion/payload contributes. S I M U L A T I O N TARGET: to perform stability analysis both in straight and steady cornering motion, and to recognize relevant parameters improving performances KEYWORDS: Eigenvalues and eigenvectors approach; natural frequencies; lateral and vertical dynamic; vibration modes; sensitivity over riding velocity; sensitivity over geometrical and inertial parameters; sensitivity over structural stiffness; time - based simulations; manoeuvres catalogue aimed to perform wobble/weave analysis. P R O V I N G G R O U N D TARGET: to be able to instrument a sample vehicle and to learn how to perform reference manoeuvres aimed to characterize vehicle stability , and to perform data post processing of the acquired quantities. KEYWORDS: weave/wobble out - door identification techniques; vehicle instrumentation; data verification and post - processing. T H E O R Y TARGET: to understand the physical meaning of the most relevant tire parameters and how those affect motorcycle behaviour. KEYWORDS: tire development; tire modelling; longitudinal, lateral and combined tire dynamics, relaxation length and rolling resistance, influence of pressure/ vertical load/ wear on tire behaviour; ABS/Cornering ABS. S I M U L A T I O N TARGET: to comprehend the tire effects on vehicle dynamic response when simulating relevant manoeuvres and monitor how vehicle performance change due to different tire inflating pressure, vertical load and wear. KEYWORDS: specification and status; simulating vehicle dynamic according to tire model; interpreting tire models; manipulate *.tir files; modifying tire models. P R O V I N G G R O U N D TARGET: to properly experience the tire influence over vehicle dynamic and comprehend how to communicate tire desiderata to supplier. Finally, tire characterization though on - road tests will be performed for longitudinal dynamic only. KEYWORDS: vehicle instrumentation; reference/relevant manoeuvres; tire characterization on longitudinal dynamic through on - road tests, influence of pressure/vertical load/ wear on tire properties.