The use of medical devices (e.g., catheters, implants, and probes) is a common and essential part of medical care for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, these devices quite frequently lead to the incidence of infections due to the colonization of their abiotic surfaces by biofilm-growing microorganisms, which are progressively resistant to antimicrobial therapies. Several methods based on anti-infective biomaterials that repel microbes have been developed to combat device-related infections. Among these strategies, surface coating with antibiotics (e.g., beta-lactams), natural compounds (e.g., polyphenols), or inorganic elements (e.g., silver and copper nanoparticles) has been widely recognized as exhibiting broad-spectrum bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity. So, in order to achieve a better therapeutic response, it is crucial to understand how these infections are different from others. This will allow us to find new biomaterials characterized by antifouling coatings with repellent properties or low adhesion towards microorganisms, or antimicrobial coatings that are capable of killing microbes approaching the surface, improving biomaterial functionalization strategies and supporting tissues’ bio-integration.
The combination of an increasing prevalence of diabetes and the aging of populations enables the appearance of a greater number of associated complications such as diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of preventable vision loss in working-age adults. The objective of this Special Issue is to highlight the existing evidence regarding the relationship between oxidative stress and low-grade chronic inflammation induced by hyperglycemia with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy, with an emphasis on the importance of early diagnosis and the use of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory approaches to prevent or delay the harmful effects of diabetes on retinal tissue.
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Baby walker can be a good decision for the parent as well as the child. Baby walker can give a strength to baby’s leg muscles and help them balance and build up their sense of direction. It is made from non-toxic materials.
The Global Craniomaxillofacial (CMF) Devices/System Market Research Report Forecast is a valuable source of insightful data for business strategists. It provides the industry overview with trend analysis, historical, futuristic data, revenue, demand and strategic development.
Debates about the future of urban development in many countries have been increasingly influenced by discussions of smart cities. Despite numerous examples of this "urban labelling" phenomenon, we know surprisingly little about so-called smart cities. This book provides a preliminary critical discussion of some of the more important aspects of smart cities. Its primary focus is on the experience of some designated smart cities, with a view to problematizing a range of elements that supposedly characterize this new urban form. It also questions some of the underlying assumptions and contradictions hidden within the concept.
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For many years people assumed that children did not experience chronic pain. However, recent epidemiological studies show that chronic pain, defined as constant or recurrent pain lasting three months or longer, is common in childhood. Empirical studies have characterized chronic pain conditions including headaches, abdominal pain, chest pain, and musculoskeletal pains including fibromyalgia. These pain conditions are associated with school absence, emotional distress, disruption in family activities, and significantly reduced quality of life in both the affected child and their families. For some of these children, chronic pain persists from childhood into adulthood, causing substantial long-term personal and financial costs to the individual, society, and our health care systems.Despite the prevalence and serious consequences of pediatric chronic pain, it is still under-recognized and under-treated. Too often, chronic pain is treated as a symptom of something else, rather than as a separate condition requiring its own treatment. The goal of this Special Issue was to discuss recent advances in the understanding and treatment of pediatric chronic pain.The Special Issue Book contains 22 notable articles including original research, reviews, and commentaries. Together they provide an excellent overview of the field of chronic and recurrent pediatric pain as it stands in 2016–2017.
A collection of three character studies of some of the most influential military minds in history: Sir Francis Drake, Horatio Nelson and Napoleon Bonaparte.