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Since their discovery NK cells have come out as potential tools to fight cancer and viruses. This finding early urged different groups to study the mechanisms governing NK cell function. The identification of the MHC-I-specific inhibitory receptors (i.e. KIRs, NKG2A and certain Ly49 molecules) allowed defining rather rapidly how NK cells could avoid self-aggression and how they could be directed towards targets that were forced, by viral infection or tumor transformation, to down-regulate MHC-I expression. In a second time, also the repertoire of surface activating receptors addressing NK cytotoxicity towards tumors and pathogens was mostly defined. In spite of the first findings, however, most recent studies may suggest that NK cells and their receptors might not have been evolved to kill tumor targets and, perhaps, they might have been only partially influenced, in their evolution, by the need of recognizing viruses. Indeed certain NK receptors known to activate NK cell cytotoxicity (NKp30, DNAM-1, NKp80) can also participate at regulatory interactions occurring between NK and myeloid cells. In addition, a peculiar NK cell subset which intensively populate decidua during the first trimester of pregnancy, through the engagement of specific receptors and the interaction with decidual DC, produce chemokines and pro-angiogenic cytokines, and induce Tregs. Thus, in this context, NK cells favor decidua vascularization and development of the (semiallogeneic) foetus in a tolerant environment. Viruses have nevertheless played an important role in shaping the NK cell receptor repertoire. Several studies have unveiled clues of the evolutionary struggle between these pathogens and NK cells. Different NK receptors, including NKp46, NKp30, NKp44, NKG2D, NKG2C, Ly49, and certain KIRs have been demonstrated to recognize virus-encoded or virus-induced ligands. The expression of TLR specifically recognizing microbial products, together with the unexpected role of KIR3DL2 in shuttling these products to TLR-containing endosomes have also been documented in NK cells. On the other side, different viral immune evasion molecules have been shown to interfere with the expression of ligands for T or NK cell activating receptors. In addition, viral infections can occur in the reproductive stage of life cycle, and may represent a serious threat for the species propagation. Thus the control of viruses, together with the maintenance of foetus during pregnancy, should represent major evolutionary forces in shaping NK-receptors. Along this line, the NK-mediated control of tumors should not be under the same evolutionary pressure, as tumors mostly appear later in the life cycle, and the recognition of tumor-encoded ligands may be less efficient (as the NK cell receptors might have not been selected for such aim). This may be the reason why, although displaying strong antitumor activity in vitro, NK cells could hardly contain tumor burden in vivo. In addition the pathogen-driven evolution of NK cell function may also favor the role of NK cells in the insurgence of immune-mediated diseases. This research topic will collect contributions that may clarify the relationships between the evolution of the NK receptors and their role in an efficient recognition of viruses and tumor cells or in immune-mediated diseases.

DrArchana

Looking for the Best Laparoscopic Surgeon in Hyderabad Our expert surgeon offers advanced minimally invasive (keyhole) surgeries for gallbladder, appendix, hernia, and other abdominal conditions with precision, safety, and care. Using state-of-the-art laparoscopic technology, we ensure minimal scarring, less pain, faster recovery, and excellent results. https://drarchanagyneco.com/laparoscopy/

Family Adventures

Ama Yangri Trek near Kathmandu offers stunning Himalayan panoramas, Helambu culture, scenic trails, sunrise views, perfect short adventure for trekkers. For more info: https://nepaltrekkingtour.com/ama-yangri-trek https://nepaltrekkingtour.com/ama-yangri-trek #AmaYangriTrek, #AmaYangriTrekCost

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Tocqueville and Democracy in the Internet Age is an introduction to Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) and his monumental two-volume study Democracy in America (1835, 1840) that pays particular attention to the critical conversation around Tocqueville and contemporary democracy. It attempts to help us think better about democracy, and also perhaps to live better, in the Internet Age.

Discover the SH‑RD India Pure Scalp Detox Guide – a complete resource on deep cleansing scalp care for both men and women. Learn how a pure scalp supports healthy hair growth by removing buildup, balancing natural oils, controlling dandruff, and reducing irritation. This guide explains causes of scalp issues, benefits of detox treatments, step‑by‑step routines, lifestyle tips, and how to combine detox with medicated shampoos for stronger, healthier, shinier hair.

Questa guida dedicata alle Immagini del Buongiorno gratuite offre idee, suggerimenti e ispirazioni per iniziare ogni giornata con energia positiva. Scopri come scegliere immagini luminose, frasi motivazionali e saluti speciali da condividere su WhatsApp e sui social media. Un semplice messaggio del mattino può diffondere serenità, rafforzare i rapporti e regalare un sorriso a chi lo riceve. Per scoprire una vasta collezione aggiornata ogni giorno visita: https://immaginibuongiornogratis.it/

Discover the best hardware supplier in Singapore offering high-quality tools, building materials, and equipment for construction professionals and DIY enthusiasts. From reliable hand tools to industrial-grade hardware, get durable products, competitive pricing, and trusted solutions to support every project with efficiency and confidence. Visit Us : https://neotechepl.com/

Discover the best WiFi mesh technology for stable, high-speed connectivity. AeroMesh Systems offers reliable mesh solutions for modern users.

iClick Media

If you calculate your actual hourly rate, does DIY still save you money? Take an hour you'd spend on your site. Multiply it by your real billing rate, not your salary. Now ask yourself if you'd honestly choose to build a website for that rate if it were your only option.

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The close relationship between motion (bodily movement) and emotion (feelings) is not an etymological coincidence. While moving ourselves, we move others; in observing others move – we are moved ourselves. The fundamentally interpersonal nature of mind and language has recently received due attention, but the key role of (e)motion in this context has remained something of a blind spot. The present book rectifies this gap by gathering contributions from leading philosophers, psychologists and linguists working in the area. Framed by an introducing prologue and a summarizing epilogue the volume elaborates a dynamical, active view of emotion, along with an affect-laden view of motion – and explores their significance for consciousness, intersubjectivity, and language. As such, it contributes to the emerging interdisciplinary field of mind science, transcending hitherto dominant computationalist and cognitivist approaches.

Phillipp Schnell

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This volume investigates educational inequalities among children of Turkish immigrants in Austria, France, and Sweden. One of the largest immigrant groups in these countries, Turks nonetheless face discrimination and limited opportunities, and this study shows how those problems play out in education. One of its key findings is that systems that provide more favorable institutional arrangements lead to greater economic mobility in the second generation.

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Mesoscopic physics deals with systems larger than single atoms but small enough to retain their quantum properties. The possibility to create and manipulate conductors of the nanometer scale has given birth to a set of phenomena that have revolutionized physics: quantum Hall effects, persistent currents, weak localization, Coulomb blockade, etc. This Special Issue tackles the latest developments in the field. Contributors discuss time-dependent transport, quantum pumping, nanoscale heat engines and motors, molecular junctions, electron–electron correlations in confined systems, quantum thermo-electrics and current fluctuations. The works included herein represent an up-to-date account of exciting research with a broad impact in both fundamental and applied topics.

Holy Spirit

Free

Tears

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What does pleasure have to do with morality? What role, if any, should intuition have in the formation of moral theory? If something is ‘simulated’, can it be immoral? This accessible and wide-ranging textbook explores these questions and many more. Key ideas in the fields of normative ethics, metaethics and applied ethics are explained rigorously and systematically, with a vivid writing style that enlivens the topics with energy and wit. Individual theories are discussed in detail in the first part of the book, before these positions are applied to a wide range of contemporary situations including business ethics, sexual ethics, and the acceptability of eating animals. A wealth of real-life examples, set out with depth and care, illuminate the complexities of different ethical approaches while conveying their modern-day relevance.This concise and highly engaging resource is tailored to the Ethics components of AQA Philosophy and OCR Religious Studies, with a clear and practical layout that includes end-of-chapter summaries, key terms, and common mistakes to avoid. It should also be of practical use for those teaching Philosophy as part of the International Baccalaureate. Ethics for A-Level is of particular value to students and teachers, but Fisher and Dimmock’s precise and scholarly approach will appeal to anyone seeking a rigorous and lively introduction to the challenging subject of ethics.

Biserka Matoš

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The study deals with the cutting-edge subject of electronic contracts which have the potential to automatically process and control the access rights for (electronic) goods. It shows the design and the implementation of a rights expression exchange framework. The framework allows DRM systems to exchange electronic contracts, formulated in a standardized rights expression language, and thus provides DRM system interoperability. The work introduces a methodology for the standardized composition, exchange and processing of electronic contracts or rights expressions.

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In this Special Issue, one review paper highlights the necessity of multiscale CFD, coupling micro- and macro-scales, for exchanging information at the interface of the two scales. Four research papers investigate the hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical reactions of various processes using Eulerian CFD modeling. CFD models are attractive for industrial applications. However, substantial efforts in physical modeling and numerical implementation are still required before their widespread implementation.

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Inequality has emerged as a key development challenge. It holds implications for economic growth and redistribution and translates into power asymmetries that can endanger human rights, create conflict, and embed social exclusion and chronic poverty. For these reasons, it underpins intense public and academic debates and has become a dominant policy concern within many countries and in all multilateral agencies. It is at the core of the seventeen goals of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This book contributes to this important discussion by presenting assessments of the measurement and analysis of global inequality by leading inequality scholars, aligning these to comprehensive reviews of inequality trends in five of the world’s largest developing countries—Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa. Each is a persistently high or newly high inequality context and, with the changing global inequality situation as context, country chapters investigate the main factors shaping their different inequality dynamics. Particular attention is on how broader societal inequalities arising outside of the labour market have intersected with the rapidly changing labour market milieus of the last few decades. Collectively these chapters provide a nuanced discussion of key distributive phenomena like the high concentration of income among the most affluent people, gender inequalities, and social mobility. Substantive tax and social benefit policies that each country implemented to mitigate these inequality dynamics are assessed in detail. The book takes lessons from these contexts back into the global analysis of inequality and social mobility and the policies needed to address inequality.

PJH Design

Getting your dream home constructed requires more licenses and permits that you could have thought off. At the same time, the construction plans should be in sync with the existing building regulations Berkshire. This is vital. If you flout these regulations, the construction work will be considered illegal. There are many instances when the concerned authority got to know that a building being constructed is in violation of the existing regulations. They went ahead and demolished whatever was constructed and took legal action against all those involved. The building regulations have been framed keeping the need of the hour. When you go through the existing regulations you will find that the construction guidelines have been made keeping in mind the safety and security of the residents, the safety of the surrounding buildings as well as the environmental factor has also been concerned. If the construction work is harmful for the environment or the soil on which it is being done, you will not get the permission to carry out the work.

HKEAA

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Prepare comprehensively for the 1Z0-1109-23 exam with our expertly curated resources, featuring essential questions and answers, convenient PDF dumps, and an interactive practice test. Elevate your readiness for Oracle Cloud certification.