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Perceptual learning can be defined as a long lasting improvement in a perceptual skill following a systematic training, due to changes in brain plasticity at the level of sensory or perceptual areas. Its efficacy has been reported for a number of visual tasks, such as detection or discrimination of visual gratings (De Valois, 1977; Fiorentini & Berardi, 1980, 1981; Mayer, 1983), motion direction discrimination (Ball & Sekuler, 1982, 1987; Ball, Sekuler, & Machamer, 1983), orientation judgments (Fahle, 1997; Shiu & Pashler, 1992; Vogels & Orban, 1985), hyperacuity (Beard, Levi, & Reich, 1995; Bennett & Westheimer, 1991; Fahle, 1997; Fahle & Edelman, 1993; Kumar & Glaser, 1993; McKee & Westheimer, 1978; Saarinen & Levi, 1995), visual search tasks (Ahissar & Hochstein, 1996; Casco, Campana, & Gidiuli, 2001; Campana & Casco, 2003; Ellison & Walsh, 1998; Sireteanu & Rettenbach, 1995) or texture discrimination (Casco et al., 2004; Karni & Sagi, 1991, 1993). Perceptual learning is long-lasting and specific for basic stimulus features (orientation, retinal position, eye of presentation) suggesting a long-term modification at early stages of visual analysis, such as in the striate (Karni & Sagi, 1991; 1993; Saarinen & Levi, 1995; Pourtois et al., 2008) and extrastriate (Ahissar & Hochstein, 1996) visual cortex. Not confined to a basic research paradigm, perceptual learning has recently found application outside the laboratory environment, being used for clinical treatment of a series of visually impairing conditions such as amblyopia (Levi & Polat, 1996; Levi, 2005; Levi & Li, 2009, Polat et al., 2004; Zhou et al., 2006), myopia (Tan & Fong, 2008) or presbyopia (Polat, 2009). Different authors adopted different paradigms and stimuli in order to improve malfunctioning visual abilities, such as Vernier Acuity (Levi, Polat & Hu, 1997), Gratings detection (Zhou et al., 2006), oculomotor training (Rosengarth et al., 2013) and lateral interactions (Polat et al., 2004). The common result of these studies is that a specific training produces not only improvements in trained functions, but also in other, untrained and higher-level visual functions, such as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and reading speed (Levi et al, 1997a, 1997b; Polat et al., 2004; Polat, 2009; Tan & Fong, 2008). More recently (Maniglia et al. 2011), perceptual learning with the lateral interactions paradigm has been successfully used for improving peripheral vision in normal people (by improving contrast sensitivity and reducing crowding, the interference in target discrimination due to the presence of close elements), offering fascinating new perspectives in the rehabilitation of people who suffer of central vision loss, such as maculopathy patients, partially overcoming the structural differences between fovea and periphery that limit the vision outside the fovea. One of the strongest point, and a distinguishing feature of perceptual learning, is that it does not just improve the subject’s performance, but produces changes in brain’s connectivity and efficiency, resulting in long-lasting, enduring neural changes. By tailoring the paradigms on each subject’s needs, perceptual learning could become the treatment of choice for the rehabilitation of visual functions, emerging as a simple procedure that doesn’t need expensive equipment.

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How do interventions by the UN Security Council and the International Criminal Court influence representations of mass violence? What images arise instead from the humanitarianism and diplomacy fields? How are these competing perspectives communicated to the public via mass media? Zooming in on the case of Darfur, Joachim J. Savelsberg analyzes more than three thousand news reports and opinion pieces and interviews leading newspaper correspondents, NGO experts, and foreign ministry officials from eight countries to show the dramatic differences in the framing of mass violence around the world and across social fields.“A pathbreaking examination of the multiple international narratives around Darfur by human rights advocates, humanitarians, journalists, and diplomats. Thorough and rigorous—an essential contribution to the scholarship.” — ALEX DE WAAL, Executive Director, World Peace Foundation at the Fletcher School, Tufts University“Darfur is the modern genocide that refuses to end, and this volume gives this mass atrocity the attention it deserves. It does so in highly original ways, including an unprecedented global analysis of media coverage, activism, and advocacy.” — JOHN HAGAN, John D. MacArthur Professor of Sociology and Law at Northwestern University and Co-Director of the Center on Law and Globalization at the American Bar Foundation in Chicago“Joachim Savelsberg’s engagement with the critics of the human rights regime, coupled with his analysis of media representations and their national variations (and similarities), provides a perspective that is more encompassing than anything I am aware of.” — DANIEL LEVY, Professor of Sociology at Stony Brook UniversityJOACHIM J. SAVELSBERG is Professor of Sociology and Law and Arsham and Charlotte Ohanessian Chair at the University of Minnesota. He is the coauthor of American Memories: Atrocities and the Law and author of Crime and Human Rights: Criminology of Genocide and Atrocities.

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The distribution of the electrostatic potential in and between the materials in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells has a major impact on their superior performance. This thesis reported on the nanoscale imaging of the electrostatic potential on untreated cross sections of operating Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells using Kelvin probe force microscopy.

gustavo.benedete

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Migration, mobility, and globalization are transforming ways of working and living. Business activities, relationships and a sense of belonging are often not tied to any one place. This book explores biographies of highly mobile startup founders who often run startups that have been called „born global“. It describes how they move, how they orientate and perceive themselves, and how migration and mobility play a role beyond the physical act of ‘moving’. Presenting current ethnographic research, the book critically discusses approaches in migration and mobility studies and the research field of the „migration of the highly skilled“.

Asianet news

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Financial instruments and technical assistance are effective in increasing investments in energy efficiency. When these favourable conditions are combined, the probability that firms invest in energy efficiency increases by more than a third. These results provide important insights into measures to increase energy efficiency investments, and how to optimally design them, which is key for EU policy-makers and lending institutions.

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Some common symptoms of plant diseases are leaf spots, disfigured growth and many other unusual things. Mainly living and non-living factors contribute to plant diseases: Bacteria, viruses, and fungi are living factors and non-living factors that can damage the health of plants are deficiency of nutrients, etc. https://sites.google.com/view/types-of-landscaping-diseases/

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In a deeply moving collection of interrelated stories, this 1919 American classic illuminates the loneliness and frustrations — spiritual, emotional and artistic — of life in a small town.

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Explanatory foreword -- Biography -- Resolutions of the Cleveland Medical Library Ass'n -- Gilbertus Anglicus : a study of medicine in the Thirteenth Century.

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Der vorliegende Sammelband soll dazu anregen, sich auf den Spuren der wichtigsten politischen Theoretiker des 19. Jahrhunderts mit den Grundlagen unseres politischen Denkens zu beschäftigen und dabei hinter die Kulissen des aktuellen politischen Geschehens unserer Zeit zu schauen. Denn die politischen Diskussionen der Gegenwart können ohne Kenntnis ihrer Vorgeschichte, ohne Analyse und Rezeption der politischen Theorien der Vergangenheit nicht beurteilt werden. Die Vermittlung dieser Grundlagen ist Aufgabe der politischen Ideengeschichte.

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This volume discusses the relevance of evidence-based practice in health communication. Evidence-based medicine has largely established itself as a criterion of good practice, which means the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of the current best evidence in making decisions about healthcare. Similar attempts can be observed in health communication. However, health communication not only examines what kind of information is spread, but also how information has to be displayed in order for it to be perceived and processed adequately. The 19 chapters in this volume are partly theoretical and partly empirical illustrations of how evidence is reflected on in medicine, psychology and communication science. They deal, for example, with the criteria of evidence-based health communication, medical evidence in journalism and evidence-based campaigns.Der Band diskutiert die Bedeutung von Evidenzbasierung in der Gesundheitskommunikation. Evidenzbasierte Medizin hat sich als Kriterium guter Praxis weitgehend durchgesetzt und meint den gewissenhaften, ausdrücklichen und vernünftigen Gebrauch der gegenwärtig besten wissenschaftlichen Evidenz für Entscheidungen in der medizinischen Versorgung. Ähnliche Bestrebungen sind in der Gesundheitskommunikation zu beobachten. Diese stellt sich jedoch nicht nur die Frage, welche Informationen verbreitet werden, sondern vor allem, wie sie dargestellt werden müssen, um adäquat wahrgenommen und verarbeitet zu werden. Die 19 – teils theoretischen, teils empirischen – Beiträge dieses Bandes verdeutlichen exemplarisch, wie aus medizinischer, psychologischer und kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Perspektive über Evidenz nachgedacht wird. Sie beschäftigen sich u.a. mit Kriterien evidenzbasierter Gesundheitskommunikation, dem journalistischen Umgang mit medizinischer Evidenz und evidenzbasierten Kampagnen.

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Value Market Research

The latest Hydraulic Hammer Market designed from various sources which also include porter’s five forces analysis research techniques to explore the new opening of the marketplace for the period of 2021-2027. The study also interrogates and examines the knowledge base on share, market size, growth path, and therefore the latest trends to acknowledge the potential value of the market. And most significantly , the info on the present business scenario also will help players to know the stakeholder strategies and find out the new opportunities which can help them to achieve their way.

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Explore the latest trends and insights in the rapidly growing Micro-Mobility Market. Discover key players, challenges, and opportunities in this dynamic industry.