The study of plant cell physiology is currently experiencing a profound transformation. Novel techniques allow dynamic in vivo imaging with subcellular resolution, covering a rapidly growing range of plant cell physiology. Several basic biological questions that have been inaccessible by the traditional combination of biochemical, physiological and cell biological approaches now see major progress. Instead of grinding up tissues, destroying their organisation, or describing cell- and tissue structure, without a measure for its function, novel imaging approaches can provide the critical link between localisation, function and dynamics. Thanks to a fast growing collection of available fluorescent protein variants and sensors, along with innovative new microscopy technologies and quantitative analysis tools, a wide range of plant biology can now be studied in vivo, including cell morphology & migration, protein localization, topology & movement, protein-protein interaction, organelle dynamics, as well as ion, ROS & redox dynamics. Within the cell, genetic targeting of fluorescent protein probes to different organelles and subcellular locations has started to reveal the stringently compartmentalized nature of cell physiology and its sophisticated spatiotemporal regulation in response to environmental stimuli. Most importantly, such cellular processes can be monitored in their natural 3D context, even in complex tissues and organs – a condition not easily met in studies on mammalian cells. Recent new insights into plant cell physiology by functional imaging have been largely driven by technological developments, such as the design of novel sensors, innovative microscopy & imaging techniques and the quantitative analysis of complex image data. Rapid further advances are expected which will require close interdisciplinary interaction of plant biologists with chemists, physicists, mathematicians and computer scientists. High-throughput approaches will become increasingly important, to fill genomic data with ‘life’ on the scale of cell physiology. If the vast body of information generated in the -omics era is to generate actual mechanistic understanding of how the live plant cell works, functional imaging has enormous potential to adopt the role of a versatile standard tool across plant biology and crop breeding. We welcome original research papers, methodological papers, reviews and mini reviews, with particular attention to contributions in which novel imaging techniques enhance our understanding of plant cell physiology and permits to answer questions that cannot be easily addressed with other techniques.
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About the publicationL’Union africaine a choisi 2016 pour être l’année africaine des droits de l’homme, en commemoration du trentième anniversaire de l’entrée en vigueur - le 21 Octobre 1986 - du document fondateur du système africain des droits de l’homme: la Charte africaine des droits de homme et des peuples.Cet ouvrage commémoratif regroupe six documents de base qui tracent l’évolution progressive du système africain des droits de l’homme. Deux instruments normatifs sont contenus dans cette publication au format de poche, en plus de la Charte africaine: le Protocole à la Charte africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples relative aux droits de la femme en Afrique (Protocole de Maputo) et la Charte africaine des droits et du bien-être de l’enfant. Les deux principales institutions du système sont la Commission africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples et la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples. Le Protocole portant création de la Cour africaine et le Réglement intérieur de la Commission africaine et de la Cour africaine sont également inclus.Table of ContentsCharte africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuplesProtocole à la Charte africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples relatif aux droits de la femme en AfriqueCharte africaine des droits et du bien-être de l’enfantProtocole relatif à la Charte africaine des droits de l'homme et des peuples portant création d’une Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuplesRèglement intérieur de la Commission africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuplesRèglement intérieur de la Cour
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