This outlook provides a focused assessment of the state of public capital in the major European countries and identifies areas where public investment could contribute more to stable and sustainable growth. A European Public Investment Outlook brings together contributions from a range of international authors from diverse intellectual and professional backgrounds, providing a valuable resource for the policy-making community in Europe to feed their discussion on public investment. The volume both offers sector-specific advice and highlights larger areas which should be prioritized in the policy debate (from transport to social capital, R&D and the environment).The Outlook is structured into two parts: the chapters of Part I respectively explore public investment trends in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Europe as a whole, and illuminate how the legacy of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis is one of insufficient public investment. Part II investigates some areas into which resources could be channelled to reverse the recent trend and provide European economies with an adequate public capital stock.The essays in this outlook collectively foster a broad approach to and definition of public investment, that is today more relevant than ever. Offering up a timely and clear case for the elimination of bias against investment in European fiscal rules, this outlook is a welcome contribution to the European debate, aimed both at policy makers and general readers.
This open access handbook brings together the latest research from a wide range of internationally influential scholars to analyze educational policy research from international, historical and interdisciplinary perspectives. By effectively breaking through the boundaries between countries and disciplines, it presents new theories, techniques and methods for contemporary education policy, and illustrates the educational policies and educational reform practices that various countries have introduced to meet the challenges of continuous change.This volume focuses on policies and changes in schools and classrooms. The studies on school changes present the differences in the policies and challenges of K-12 schools and universities in different countries and regions, and in connection with the contradictions and conflicts between tradition and modernization, as well as the changing roles of various stakeholders, especially that of teachers. In terms of curriculum and instruction, many countries have undertaken experiments and introduced changes based on two major themes: “what to teach” and “how to teach”. International education assessments represented by PISA not only promote the improvement and extensive application of educational assessment and testing techniques, but have also had far-reaching impacts on education policies and education reforms in many countries.Focusing on the changes in educational policies at the micro level, this volume comprehensively reveals the complex interactions between school organizations, teachers, curricula, teaching and learning, evaluation and other elements within the education system, as well as the latest related reforms worldwide.
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Nach der Öffnung der Mauer im Jahr 1989 setzten massive Wanderungen aus der ehemaligen DDR nach Westdeutschland ein. Zur Beurteilung der ökonomischen Konsequenzen solcher vereinigungsbedingter Arbeitsmobilität wird zunächst ein Referenzmodell entwickelt, das später durch Variationen der Annahmen ergänzt bzw. modifiziert wird. Das deutsche Migrationspotential und seine Ausschöpfung werden empirisch geschätzt und die für die Zukunft zu erwartenden Erträge und Kosten aus regionalen Unterschieden monetär bewertet. Verschiedene sich hinsichtlich der Angleichsdauer von Löhnen und Mieten unterscheidende Varianten werden durchgespielt. Die individuellen Kosten-Nutzen-Rechnungen zeigen, dass die möglichen Wanderungserträge von vielen Beschäftigten deutlich unterschätzt wurden.
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Scholars contributing to this special issue on “Family Communication at the End of Life” have provided evidence that communication is vital for terminally ill individuals, family members, and healthcare/palliative care specialists. Overall, the fifteen articles in this special issue focus on five questions: First, what are the trends regarding different approaches for beginning the conversation about death and dying earlier rather than later? Second, who is making the end of life decisions and how are they made? Third, how does age and disease impact the way that families communicate at the end of life? Fourth, how does good communication (i.e., satisfying for all participants, effective for addressing needs, fulfilling goals) impact the myriad of complex issues at the end of life? Fifth, what is the significance of exploring and valuing the perspective of the family members’ experiences and recollections of their communication at the end of life with their terminally ill family member as well as with the healthcare providers? Overall, the scholars emphasize that focusing on family communication at the end of life is crucial for improving medical, psychological, and relational outcomes for those dealing with the death and dying process.
This book addresses the issue of the potential economic significance of the artistic heritage in an art city – more specifically Florence – taking as a concrete example for the purpose of scientific research the figure of the “artistic restorer” in the dual garb of economic agent and environmental and cultural resource for the city. The empirical study of the private firms working in this sector located in the Florence area is accompanied and introduced by a broad analysis of the policies for protection and enhancement of the cultural assets, and of the economic, non-economic and institutional agents involved in the same.Il volume affronta il tema della possibile rilevanza economica del patrimonio artistico in una città d'arte, nello specifico Firenze, prendendo come esempio concreto ai fini di una ricerca scientifica la figura del "restauratore artistico" nella duplice veste di attore economico e di risorsa ambientale e culturale per la città. Lo studio empirico delle imprese private di tale settore localizzate nell'area fiorentina è accompagnato e introdotto da un'ampia analisi sulle politiche di tutela e valorizzazione dei beni culturali e sul sistema di attori economici, non economici ed istituzionali che in esse sono coinvolti.