• Applications of Information Theory to Epidemiology collects recent research findings on the analysis of diagnostic information and epidemic dynamics. • The collection includes an outstanding new review article by William Benish, providing both a historical overview and new insights. • In research articles, disease diagnosis and disease dynamics are viewed from both clinical medicine and plant pathology perspectives. Both theory and applications are discussed. • New theory is presented, particularly in the area of diagnostic decision-making taking account of predictive values, via developments of the predictive receiver operating characteristic curve. • New applications of information theory to the analysis of observational studies of disease dynamics in both human and plant populations are presented.
<P>In der Reihe <I>Slavistische Beiträge</I> werden vor allem slavistische Dissertationen des deutschsprachigen Raums sowie vereinzelt auch amerikanische, englische und russische publiziert. Darüber hinaus stellt die Reihe ein Forum für Sammelbände und Monographien etablierter Wissenschafter/innen dar.</P>
The remarkably high number of medieval sources on the history of Austrian Jews allows for insights into the economic, legal, and social standing of the Jews as well as into how the Christian environment treated them. The sources published in this volume show the decline in the economic and legal position of the Jews; while they were largely safe from open persecution, they were subjected to more and more restrictions that aimed at mere financial exploitation. In addition to that, the sources provide insights into the everyday interaction of Jews with the Christian majority.In Österreich ist reichhaltiges urkundliches Quellenmaterial zur mittelalterlichen Geschichte der Juden überliefert; dazu kommen zeitgenössische historiographische, literarische und theologische Texte. Die zahlreichen Quellen geben Aufschluss über die wirtschaftliche, rechtliche und persönliche Situation der Juden sowie über den Umgang der christlichen Umwelt mit ihnen. Daher wurde am Institut für jüdische Geschichte Österreichs (St. Pölten) eine Publikationsreihe in Angriff genommen, die dieses Material erstmals gesammelt in Regestenform zugänglich macht. Der vorliegende dritte Band dieser Reihe umfasst den Zeitraum von 1366 bis 1386; die darin enthaltenen Quellen geben Aufschluss über die Judenpolitik der Herzöge Albrecht III. und Leopold III. sowie der Landesfürsten der nicht von den Habsburgern regierten Territorien auf dem heutigen Bundesgebiet. Zwar war die jüdische Bevölkerung in diesem Zeitraum weitgehend sicher vor offener Verfolgung, doch lassen sich anhand der in diesem Band enthaltenen Quellen die zunehmenden obrigkeitlichen Repressalien erkennen, die vor allem auf eine steigende finanzielle Ausbeutung der Juden durch die Landesfürsten abzielten.
Butter and margarine are vital ingredients of confectionary products. Over the years, they have become an indispensable part of households and daily diets. Margarine, a non-dairy product, is often substituted for butter, as it a cheaper alternative when the cost has to be contained. Butter, on the other hand, is a dairy product and is used for making and baking several dishes.
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¿Dónde y cuándo nació la bioética? Tradicionalmente se ha atribuido la creación del neologismo «bioética» a Potter, en 1970, y su desarrollo a los jesuitas de la Universidad de Georgetown. Sin embargo, la cuestión es mucho más compleja y supera ampliamente el contexto norteamericano, no solo porque se descubrió que el alemán Fritz Jahr ya había acuñado el término en los años veinte, sino porque la ética clínica tiene siglos de historia, y en todas las culturas y religiones se ha reflexionado sobre los problemas referentes a la salud, la vida y su ocaso. Al factor meramente histórico hemos de añadir el ideológico. «Bioética» fue el término que emplearon algunos teólogos para adoctrinar al personal sanitario conforme al dogma católico en asuntos como la reproducción y la eutanasia. Este intento de monopolizar materias tan sensibles provocó como reacción defensiva la incorporación a la disciplina de corrientes de pensamiento feministas, laicistas y multiculturales. Por último, la aceleración de la biotecnología y el temor a las consecuencias de la manipulación del genoma de los seres vivos terminaron de consolidar la bioética como campo de conocimiento plural y multidisciplinar.
The Covid-19 situation sabotaged the stability of the global economy. There can be no words to describe the plight of individuals who have lost their jobs. For more information about finance-related issues, read the blog.
Scritta a cavaliere fra Due e Trecento e collocabile sul crinale fra la prosa “media” e quella “d’arte”, l’Istorietta troiana, versione anonima e parziale della terza redazione in prosa del fluviale Roman de Troie di Benoît de Sainte-Maure (ca. 1165), narra, con pregnanza emotiva e concisione stilistica, una parte di quella vicenda che s’era venuta costituendo nel Medioevo latino fondendo le storie di Darete Frigio e di Ditti Cretese e rivitalizzandole, nel mondo francese, alla luce della sensibilità del secolo XII. Le suggestioni del mito classico, filtrate da un tipico atteggiamento attualizzante, lasciano trapelare l’aspirazione a ideali di bellezza (Elena), di forza (Achille, Ettore) e di cortesia (la città di Troia) capaci di attirare un pubblico comunale che aspira a un’elevazione educativa e culturale. La filigrana stilnovista e la fine tessitura ritmica fanno, dell’Istorietta troiana, un gioiello ascrivibile, ante litteram, al genere del poème en prose. This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Open Services
At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, a new sub-field of physics and chemistry emerged centering on radioactivity. Its disciplinary structures were slow to crystallize. The early phase of this field was characterized by substantial international exchange between the European centers in Vienna, Paris, Berlin and Cambridge and a concomitant high degree of transdisciplinarity. Research on radioactivity was also marked by an unusual openness in respect to gender and gender politics. The volatile political and social context of nuclear research, which abruptly changed several times, acted to further, impede or block these initiatives to transcend diverse boundaries in science, politics, and society. The two central questions of the present project are: How did the agendas and foci of Austrian nuclear research, and the styles of work of the scientists, change within the framework of international cooperation and competition? How were these developments dynamically linked with the political, social and cultural shifts in European history in the 20th century? The historical analysis starts with the founding of the Vienna Institute for Radium Research (IRR), including the institutes for physics at the University of Vienna that worked in close cooperation with the IRR. The period under investigation extends from the late years of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire to World War I, the era of "Red Vienna," the "state of estates" (Ständestaat) and the Nazi dictatorship, down to the full restoration of Austrian sovereignty in 1955. The study will include systematic transnational comparisons with the other centers of European nuclear research, based in part on existing literature from the history of science, as well as exact reconstructions of the bilateral and multilateral cooperative links and relations with the international scientific community. In this way, the proposed project is expected to go beyond the historical reconstruction of nuclear research in Austria and shed light on the importance of nationality and internationality, both for framing politics and as mental and cultural points of reference for the behavior and actions of the scientific actors and the production of scientific knowledge under shifting constellations of war and peace, democracy and dictatorship.Wie veränderte sich die Radioaktivitäts- und Kernforschung in Österreich seit der Entdeckung des Kernzerfalls im späten 19. Jahrhundert bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges? Dieses Buch bietet eine profunde Analyse lokaler Forschungstraditionen im politisch-sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Kontext. Die Studie verortet das Institut für Radiumforschung in Wien und andere österreichische Standorte der Radioaktivitäts- bzw. Kernforschung in zwei sich überlagernden Netzwerken: Einerseits im regionalen Forschungsraum der Habsburger Monarchie, der Ersten Republik und des „Dritten Reiches“ und andererseits in der globalen Gemeinschaft der „Radioaktivisten“. Sie zeigt anhand neuer Archivquellen, welche Rolle die in Österreich vorhandenen Ressourcen im globalen Netzwerk der Kernforschung spielten.