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The French Law of evidence is at the crossroad between procedural law and civil law.As part of the procedural law, it is governed by general principles set out by the Code de procédure civile, such as the contradictory principle, the principle of public hearing or the free disposition principle, which means that the parties define the framework of the proceeding and that the judge cannot base his decision on facts that were not put forward by the parties themselves. It is also the Code de procédure civile that organises the respective roles of the judge and the parties for the taking of evidence: since 1976, it imposes a – rather complex – balance between adversarial and inquisitorial principles.Other general principles were set by case law, e.g. the principle that no one can pre-constitute evidence in his own favour or the principle of fair evidence.On the other hand, more substantive rules are to be found in the Code civil. These rules mix two systems, the system of the preuve morale, applicable in some specific litigation, and the system of the preuve légale, which is clearly dominant in civil litigation. In the first system, evidence is in principle free, which means not only that any mode of proof is admissible, but also that assessment of evidence by the judges is free. In the second one, only determined means of evidence are admissible and their probative force is often set out by law. A majority of evidence rules derive more or less directly from this summa divisio. In fact, the predominance of the preuve légale system has made the French system of evidence rather rigid, in particular regarding the exaggerated importance of written evidence.

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The book outlines the processes of "bureaucratization" of the financial offices of the Kingdom of Naples, dwelling on the administrative praxis of the Regia Camera della Sommaria. It starts from the critical edition of Repertorium Alphabeticum Solutionum Fiscalium Regni Siciliae, a XVIth century manuscipt produced by Sommaria, rich with information about the whole area of Southern Italy, which became particularly precious after the destruction of the Aragonese documentation of the State Archive in Naples in the fire of September 1943. The research originates in the "slow" reading of a text, in the inquiry on its characteristics, structure, sources, context, events which led to its writing and on the practices of administrative work which it was to describe and orientate. This volume reconstructs also the long process which led to the Sommaria office, between the last decades of the XIIIth century and the first of the XVth century, its competences and working from the Aragonese age, up to the middle of the XVIth centuryt, on the basis of published and unpublished sources, kept in various Italian and European archives and libraries, in a costant comparison with the wide international bibliography.

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International migration, particularly to Europe, has increased in the last few decades, making research on aspects of this phenomenon, including numbers, challenges, and successes, particularly vital. This Special Issue highlights this necessary and relevant area of research. It presents 37 articles including studies on diverse topics relating to the health of refugees and migrants. Most articles (28) present studies focusing on European host countries. The focus on Europe is justified if we take into consideration the increased number of refugees and migrants who have come to Europe in recent years. However, there are also articles which present studies from countries in other continents. The topics discussed in the Issue include healthcare utilization, infectious diseases, mother and child health, mental health, and chronic diseases. Finding from the included articles indicate that further development of guidelines and policies at both local and international levels is needed. Priorities must be set by encouraging and funding in-depth research that aims to evaluate the impact of existing policies and interventions. Such research will help us formulate recommendations for the development of strategies and approaches that improve and strengthen the integration of migrants and refugees into the host countries.

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The LBN-CI141 Cube Ice Maker has a single compressor, an air chilling system, and an insulated storage bin with a 21 kg capacity. The system is designed to produce ice cubes that weigh up to 50 kg per day, which should melt more slowly than ice flakes. It creates ice cubes that are uniform, constant, and transparent using a water flow technology.

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