J. S. (John Solomon) Rarey

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Obwohl die Notwendigkeit einer Reform des Gemeindefinanzsystems weitgehend anerkannt wird, tut sich die Politik mit konkreten Reformmaßnahmen schwer. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit soll daher der Versuch unternommen werden, die Diskussion um die Gemeindefinanzen und ihre Reform einer systematischen Analyse zu unterziehen und konkreten Lösungen näher zu bringen. Dabei resultieren zwei Schwerpunkte: Der eine, kommunale Finanzautonomie, ist im wesentlichen politisch orientiert; der andere, Effizienz, ist eine im ökonomischen Sinne theoretisch ausgerichtete Sichtweise. Beide Aspekte werden miteinander verknüpft und aufeinander bezogen. Wichtig für das Gesamtverständnis ist dabei, daß kommunale Finanzautonomie Bedeutung für die Effizienz lokaler Finanzwirtschaften hat und nicht umgekehrt. Aufbauend auf der Feststellung, daß vorgefundene kommunale Finanzsysteme keine zufriedenstellende Autonomie garantieren, wird das gesamte System im Sinne einer umfassenden Erneuerung zur Diskussion gestellt. Es werden systematische Komponenten für ein äquivalenzorientiertes Gemeindesteuersystem entworfen, wobei auch die bestehenden Elemente kommunaler Finanzwirtschaften einbezogen werden.

T. S. (Thomas Stearns) Eliot

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China and Russia are rising economic and political powers that share thousands of miles of border. Yet, despite their proximity, their practical, local interactions with each other — and with their third neighbour Mongolia — are rarely discussed. The three countries share a boundary, but their traditions, languages and worldviews are remarkably different. Frontier Encounters presents a wide range of views on how the borders between these unique countries are enacted, produced, and crossed. It sheds light on global uncertainties: China’s search for energy resources and the employment of its huge population, Russia’s fear of Chinese migration, and the precarious economic independence of Mongolia as its neighbours negotiate to extract its plentiful resources. Bringing together anthropologists, sociologists and economists, this timely collection of essays offers new perspectives on an area that is currently of enormous economic, strategic and geo-political relevance. This collective volume is the outcome of a network project funded by the ESRC (RES-075-25_0022) entitled "Where Empires Meet: The Border Economies of Russia, China and Mongolia”. The project, based at the Mongolia and Inner Asia Studies Unit (University of Cambridge), ran from 28 January 2010 to 27 January 2011. That project formed the foundation for a new and ongoing research project "The life of borders: where China and Russia meet" which commenced in October 2012.

michael

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Cortec Me

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P. L Jacob

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Lenovo

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Historical scholarship is currently undergoing a digital turn. All historians have experienced this change in one way or another, by writing on word processors, applying quantitative methods on digitalized source materials, or using internet resources and digital tools.Digital Histories showcases this emerging wave of digital history research. It presents work by historians who – on their own or through collaborations with e.g. information technology specialists – have uncovered new, empirical historical knowledge through digital and computational methods. The topics of the volume range from the medieval period to the present day, including various parts of Europe. The chapters apply an exemplary array of methods, such as digital metadata analysis, machine learning, network analysis, topic modelling, named entity recognition, collocation analysis, critical search, and text and data mining.The volume argues that digital history is entering a mature phase, digital history ‘in action’, where its focus is shifting from the building of resources towards the making of new historical knowledge. This also involves novel challenges that digital methods pose to historical research, including awareness of the pitfalls and limitations of the digital tools and the necessity of new forms of digital source criticisms.Through its combination of empirical, conceptual and contextual studies, Digital Histories is a timely and pioneering contribution taking stock of how digital research currently advances historical scholarship.

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Various

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Arthur Galton (editor)

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Anish Negi

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John Lothrop Motley

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Abhinay Tayade

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