Rights for this book: Public domain in the USA. This edition is published by Project Gutenberg. Originally issued by Project Gutenberg on 2018-07-31. To support the work of Project Gutenberg, visit their Donation Page. This free ebook has been produced by GITenberg, a program of the Free Ebook Foundation. If you have corrections or improvements to make to this ebook, or you want to use the source files for this ebook, visit the book's github repository. You can support the work of the Free Ebook Foundation at their Contributors Page. The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Literary & Historical Atlas of America, by J. G. Bartholomew This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license Title: A Literary & Historical Atlas of America Author: J. G. Bartholomew Release Date: July 31, 2018 [EBook #57610] Language: English *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LITERARY & HISTORICAL ATLAS *** Produced by Melissa McDaniel and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY EDITED BY ERNEST RHYS REFERENCE A LITERARY AND HISTORICAL ATLAS OF NORTH & SOUTH AMERICA THE PUBLISHERS OF EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY WILL BE PLEASED TO SEND FREELY TO ALL APPLICANTS A LIST OF THE PUBLISHED AND PROJECTED VOLUMES TO BE COMPRISED UNDER THE FOLLOWING THIRTEEN HEADINGS: TRAVEL SCIENCE * FICTION THEOLOGY & PHILOSOPHY HISTORY * CLASSICAL FOR YOUNG PEOPLE ESSAYS * ORATORY POETRY & DRAMA BIOGRAPHY REFERENCE ROMANCE IN FOUR STYLES OF BINDING: CLOTH, FLAT BACK, COLOURED TOP; LEATHER, ROUND CORNERS, GILT TOP; LIBRARY BINDING IN CLOTH, & QUARTER PIGSKIN L ONDON : J. M. DENT & SONS, L T D N EW Y ORK : E. P. DUTTON & CO. TO THE WISE MAN ALL THE WORLD'S A SOIL BEN JONSON A LITERARY & HISTORICAL ATLAS OF AMERICA J G. BARTHOLOMEW LL.D LONDON: PUBLISHED by J·M·DENT·&·SONS·L TD AND IN NEW YORK BY E·P·DUTTON & CO INTRODUCTION When General Hamilton spoke in the Federalist over a century ago of "an empire, in many respects the most interesting in the world," meaning the United States of America, he did not, he could not, foresee the vast growth of his country and its northern and southern neighbours which this book portrays. The volume is the third in a series of small atlases, meant to cover in turn the whole globe, and to do it in a way to knit up geographical and historical knowledge with the facts of commerce and the literary record of each land or region. One chief purpose of these maps is to trace clearly the development of the United States, beginning with "the most remarquable parts" of the New England of the Pilgrim Fathers, described by Captain John Smith in 1614, and not forgetting the territories of the old American-Indian nations. Some inkling too is given in facsimile of the early charts, views, and maps by the explorers and cartographers who made a survey of the first settlements. For example, we have an old map of Guiana invaluable as a Sir Walter Raleigh record, giving the mouths of the Oronoke, or Orinoco, where his men tugged against the stream, and stretching southward to the Amazon itself, and we get from the map of Peru at the period of the Conquest a clear idea of the country in the time of Pizarro. As with the great rivers, so with the great American cities. You can compare "old New York," as represented in one page, with the new New York and its environs which are a world's wonder to-day. Then again you can take the chart of the Early Highways that ran westward into the wilderness and estimate how the power of the engineer has, since the railway came, caught the States in an iron network and rearranged the Americas. Battlefields and sieges, by which the right of the new country to its national life and individuality was "wrenched," as Tennyson said in his address to the old country, [1] are not forgotten. Note among the less familiar documents that we are able to include, the rare map of the territory in Virginia and North Carolina traversed by John Lederer in his three marches. Lederer was sent out by Governor Berkeley in 1669-70, and journeyed west as far as the top of the Apalatœan mountains. It seems doubtful how far he went in South Carolina. He did not penetrate far enough, according to Professor W. J. Rivers, to meet "the new-comers who were about founding the Commonwealth of Locke." As for the local associations that have become familiar in American literature, you have a chart of the Concord neighbourhood showing Walden Pond, Forest Lake, Lexington, and Punkatasset Hill, associated with the name and fame of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and H. D. Thoreau. Fenimore Cooper recalls the old Indian Territory as it was in the wild prime of the Red Men; and you travel from the land of "Hiawatha" in Longfellow's poem southwards to the Mexico and Peru of Prescott, and then pause over something more amazing than any record in imaginative verse or prose—the plain statistics figured in the map of South America, and the emergence of Buenos Ayres with its million and a quarter inhabitants, Rio de Janeiro with its 860,000, San Paulo with 350,000, and Santiago with 330,000. Here are the elements of an immense new Latin civilisation which is going to count, and count enormously, just as China and its millions are bound to count enormously in the twentieth century. We might have spoken at large of Canada and its huge dominion; of Newfoundland, New Brunswick, New "Scotia," and the chain of the Great Lakes in the North. But an Atlas speaks for itself with the accent of a world-bearer if one treats its pages as they ought to be treated, with a sense of the great perspective of history and of men and nations advancing along it to their fulfilment in the world. The Old World and the New have lately been drawn closer by the mysterious nerves that underrun the Atlantic and the understanding of a true world polity; and it is hoped that this volume will do something to foster that amity between states and nations. We have again to acknowledge very gratefully the indispensable help given to our enterprise by Dr. Bartholomew with his unfailing knowledge and skill. Also to thank Miss Edwardes for her working gazetteer which makes reference easy, and Mr. G. C. Brooke of the Department of Coins and Medals at the British Museum for his notes on the coinage, and for his arrangements of the specimens which serve so vividly to illustrate the historical side of the atlas. CONTENTS COLOURED MAPS PAGE A TLANTIC O CEAN , T OSCANELLI , 1474 1 D ISCOVERIES OF C OLUMBUS 2 D ISCOVERIES OF THE N ORSEMEN 3 A MERICA , 1492-1522 3 A MERICA , 1522-1700 4, 5 N ORTH A MERICAN C OLONIES , 1643 6 N ORTH A MERICA , 1740 7 N ORTH A MERICAN C OLONIES , 1755-1763 8, 9 N ORTH A MERICAN C OLONIES , 1783 10, 11 C ANADA , 1791 12, 13 U NITED S TATES , 1801 14 U NITED S TATES , 1845 15 U NITED S TATES —C IVIL W AR , 1861-65 16, 17 C ORTES IN M EXICO , 1519 18 M EXICO AND W EST I NDIES , 1650 19 M EXICO AND W EST I NDIES , 1763 20 M EXICO AND W EST I NDIES , 1855 21 S OUTH A MERICA —P OLITICAL F ORMATION 22, 23 T HE W ORLD ON M ERCATOR ' S P ROJECTION , SHOWING R OUTES TO A MERICA 24, 25 A MERICA —C OMMERCIAL R OUTES ON M ERCATOR ' S P ROJECTION 26, 27 A MERICA —J ANUARY T EMPERATURE 28 A MERICA —J ULY T EMPERATURE 29 A MERICA —R AINFALL AND W INDS , J ANUARY 30 A MERICA —R AINFALL AND W INDS , J ULY 31 S KETCH C HART OF THE N ORTH A TLANTIC ON M ERCATOR ' S P ROJECTION 32, 33 A RCTIC R EGIONS 34 A NTARCTIC R EGIONS 35 N ORTH A MERICA —O ROGRAPHICAL 36 N ORTH A MERICA —V EGETATION 37 N ORTH A MERICA —P OLITICAL 38 N ORTH A MERICA —P OPULATION 39 D OMINION OF C ANADA 40, 41 C ANADA —R AILWAYS AND E CONOMIC 42, 43 N EWFOUNDLAND AND G ULF OF S T . L AWRENCE 44 N EW B RUNSWICK , N OV A S COTIA , ETC 45 Q UEBEC 46, 47 O NTARIO 48, 49 M ANITOBA AND P ART OF S ASKATCHEWAN 50, 51 B RITISH C OLUMBIA , ETC 52, 53 U NITED S TATES —P OLITICAL A CQUISITIONS 54, 55 U NITED S TATES —R AILWAYS AND E CONOMIC 56, 57 N EW Y ORK , P ENNSYLV ANIA , AND N EW E NGLAND S TATES 58, 59 N EW Y ORK AND E NVIRONS 60, 61 C HICAGO 62 S T . L OUIS 62 B OSTON 63 P HILADELPHIA 63 A TLANTIC S TATES 64, 65 C ENTRAL S TATES 66, 67 S OUTHERN S TATES 68, 69 W ESTERN S TATES 70, 71 T HE Y OSEMITE V ALLEY 71 C ALIFORNIA , ETC 72 V ANCOUVER 73 S AN F RANCISCO 73 A LASKA 74 P HILIPPINE I SLANDS 75 M EXICO 76, 77 W EST I NDIES AND C ENTRAL A MERICA 78, 79 C UBA , J AMAICA , ETC 80 P ANAMA C ANAL 81 S OUTH A MERICA —O ROGRAPHICAL 82 S OUTH A MERICA —V EGETATION 83 S OUTH A MERICA —P OLITICAL 84 S OUTH A MERICA —P OPULATION 85 S OUTH A MERICA —R AILWAYS AND E CONOMIC 86, 87 B RAZIL AND G UIANA 88, 89 V ENEZUELA , C OLOMBIA , E CUADOR , AND P ERU 90, 91 C HILE , A RGENTINA , ETC 92, 93 R IO DE J ANEIRO 94 M ONTE V IDEO 95 B UENOS A YRES 95 P ATAGONIA 96 A BRIEF SURVEY OF THE COINAGE OF NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA, BY G. C. B ROOKE , B.A., D EPARTMENT OF C OINS AND M EDALS , B RITISH M USEUM 97 LINE MAPS MAPS AND PLANS OF NOTABLE BATTLES AND DISTRICTS CONNECTED WITH FAMOUS AUTHORS AND THEIR BOOKS B ATTLE OF B UNKER H ILL , 17th June, 1775 117 S IEGE OF C HARLESTON , 1776 118 B ATTLE OF L ONG I SLAND , 1776 118 B ATTLE OF B RANDYWINE , 1777 119 B ATTLE OF F REEMANS F ARM 119 P LAN OF W EST P OINT , showing Forts and Batteries, 1780 120 S IEGE OF Y ORKTOWN 120 M APS SHOWING P RINCIPAL B ATTLES OF THE W AR OF I NDEPENDENCE 121 A P LAN OF THE O PERATIONS AT THE TAKING OF Q UEBEC AND THE B ATTLE FOUGHT NEAR THAT C ITY , September 13th, 1759 122 P ORT R OYAL , 1613 123 A M AP OF N EW E NGLAND IN 1631, as observed and described by Captain John Smith 124 A M AP OF THE W HOLE T ERRITORY TRA VERSED BY J OHN L EDERER in his Three Marches, 1672 125 A M AP OF THE A MERICAN I NDIAN N ATIONS adjoining to the Mississippi, West and East Florida, Georgia, South and North Carolina, Virginia, etc., 1775 126 N EW A MSTERDAM ABOUT 1650 127 N EW Y ORK ABOUT 1730 128 P LAN OF N EW Y ORK IN 1746 129 E ARLY H IGHWAYS , showing expansion westwards 130 T HE B OSTON D ISTRICT 130 T HE C ONCORD N EIGHBOURHOOD —Emerson, Hawthorne, Thoreau, etc. 131 V IRGINIA IN A MERICAN F ICTION 131 T HE E L D ORADO OF S IR W ALTER R ALEIGH , 1595 132 M AP OF P ERU AT THE P ERIOD OF THE C ONQUEST 133 G ROWTH OF T RADE OF THE U NITED S TATES 134 G ROWTH OF P OPULATION OF THE U NITED S TATES 134 I MMIGRATION —United States, Canada, Argentine, Brazil 135 A G AZETTEER OF T OWNS AND P LACES IN A MERICA HA VING A L ITERARY OR H ISTORIC I NTEREST 137 I NDEX 169 ATLANTIC OCEAN, TOSCANELLI, 1474 The Correct outline of North America is shown in light blue tint John Bartholomew & Co., Edinr. DISCOVERIES OF COLUMBUS AMERICA, 1492-1522 DIS COVERIES OF THE NORS EMEN John Bartholomew & Co., Edinr. AMERICA 1522 to 1700 John Bartholomew & Co., Edinr. NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES 1643