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Piety in Pieces: How Medieval Readers Customized their Manuscripts

CC BY

Medieval manuscripts resisted obsolescence. Made by highly specialised craftspeople (scribes, illuminators, book binders) with labour-intensive processes using exclusive and sometimes exotic materials (parchment made from dozens or hundreds of skins, inks and paints made from prized minerals, animals and plants), books were expensive and built to last. They usually outlived their owners. Rather than discard them when they were superseded, book owners found ways to update, amend and upcycle books or book parts. These activities accelerated in the fifteenth century. Most manuscripts made before 1390 were bespoke and made for a particular client, but those made after 1390 (especially books of hours) were increasingly made for an open market, in which the producer was not in direct contact with the buyer. Increased efficiency led to more generic products, which owners were motivated to personalise. It also led to more blank parchment in the book, for example, the backs of inserted miniatures and the blanks ends of textual components. Book buyers of the late fourteenth and throughout the fifteenth century still held onto the old connotations of manuscriptsthat they were custom-made luxury itemseven when the production had become impersonal. Owners consequently purchased books made for an open market and then personalised them, filling in the blank spaces, and even adding more components later. This would give them an affordable product, but one that still smacked of luxury and met their individual needs. They kept older books in circulation by amending them, attached items to generic books to make them more relevant and valuable, and added new prayers with escalating indulgences as the culture of salvation shifted. Rudy considers ways in which book owners adjusted the contents of their books from the simplest (add a marginal note, sew in a curtain) to the most complex (take the book apart, embellish the components with painted decoration, add more quires of parchment). By making sometimes extreme adjustments, book owners kept their books fashionable and emotionally relevant. This study explores the intersection of codicology and human desire. Rudy shows how increased modularisation of book making led to more standardisation but also to more opportunities for personalisation. She asks: What properties did parchment manuscripts have that printed books lacked? What are the interrelationships among technology, efficiency, skill loss and standardisation?

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Molecular Modeling in Drug Design

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This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Molecular Modeling in Drug Design that was published in Molecules

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Keyword Match Type Tool â Find Exact, Phrase & Broad Matches Instantly

Improve Google Ads targeting using a smart Keyword Match Type Tool. Structure keywords accurately and increase conversions with better search intent matching.

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Insurance Consulting by UTCA for Employers

Get expert guidance and support while handling unemployment insurance with utcainc.com. Trust our experienced advisers to make sure you're financially secure. https://utcainc.com/services/unemployment-insurance-tax-management/

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Lux Glass – Premium Glazing & Shower Screens Narraweena

Lux Glass

If you are searching for Shower Screens Narraweena, Lux Glass offers modern, durable, and beautifully crafted options to suit every bathroom style. Whether you’re renovating your ensuite or building a new home, our custom-designed shower screens add a touch of luxury and functionality.

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The Growing Demand for Private Household Jobs and the Choice to Hire a Personal Chauffeur

Melissa Offer Private Staff Ltd

Private household jobs are evolving rapidly as modern lifestyles demand more time, precision, and reliable support within the home. Agencies like Melissa Offer Private Staffing (melissaps.com) specialise in matching professionals to households seeking tailored domestic help, from chefs and butlers to chauffeurs and estate managers. Visit: https://melissaps.com/hire-private-staff/estate-household

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Manual

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8007 PDF Dumps To make Your Future Effective

8007 pdf dumps unlock the secrets of success in Professional Risk Managers exam. Elevate your skills to new heights with the help of PRMIA 8007 dumps pdf and conquer any challenge. Grab your copy now and pave the path to unrivaled success.

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How to buy instagram followers india 2026 (1)

buzzoid india

This PDF guide explains in detail how to buy Instagram followers in India safely and smartly. It provides a step-by-step approach to boost initial growth, improve social proof, and profile credibility. Benefits, safety tips, and the right strategy are explained in the context of the Indian market. If you want to accelerate your Instagram presence, this guide provides a useful roadmap.

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Mejor fotógrafo para retrato en Madrid, no busques más

Encontrar al profesional adecuado para un retrato no siempre es sencillo, especialmente en una ciudad tan amplia y competitiva como Madrid. La oferta es enorme, los estilos son variados y las necesidades de cada persona cambian según el objetivo de la sesión: actores que necesitan renovar su book, modelos que buscan actualizar su portfolio, profesionales que quieren mejorar su imagen corporativa o simplemente quienes desean un retrato personal que realmente los represente. En este contexto, tene

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10 Stunning Sapphire Engagement Rings That Arenât Blue

GemsNY

Are you trying to find unique engagement rings? View the 10 best sapphire selections in vibrant colors other than blue. Get today!

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Saudi Arabia Cyber Security Market

John Ryan

The Saudi Arabia Cyber Security Market is projected to grow from approximately USD 4.19 billion in 2025 to about USD 9.11 billion by 2032, with a CAGR of 11.73%. Growth is driven by increasing cyber threats, digital transformation initiatives under Vision 2030, and stringent data protection regulations. The solutions segment accounted for 57% of the market in 2025, particularly in defense and government applications, which represented 33% of the market share. Major players include Checkpoint Sec

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Smiline_Dental_Health_Guide_SEO_Optimized

Smiline Dental Hospitals

Explore modern dental care, preventive dentistry, cosmetic treatments, and smile enhancement solutions in this comprehensive guide by Smiline Dental Hospitals. Learn how expert care supports long-term oral health and confident smiles. Read more at https://www.smiline.com/

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Generators: Transforming Dubai's Power Security Tomorrow

Generators

Generators transform how Dubai approaches power security. Modern generators represent far more than backup equipment—they enable operational independence, strategic flexibility, and competitive advantage. MYSPAN Power Solutions delivers authentic generators transforming Dubai enterprises into self-sufficient operations capable of thriving regardless of grid conditions.

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Understanding Physiotherapy: A Path to Recovery and Wellness

Physiotherapy, also known as physical therapy, is a healthcare discipline focused on helping individuals restore, maintain, and optimize their physical strength, mobility, and overall function. Rooted in the principles of movement science, physiotherapy combines hands-on techniques, exercises, and education to treat various injuries, illnesses, and disabilities. Whether recovering from surgery, managing a chronic condition, or rehabilitating from a sports injury, physiotherapy Thunder Bay offers tailored solutions to support every stage of life.

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No_Appetite_Feel_Sick_Gut_Clinic

Gut Clinic

Understand the causes of no appetite and feeling sick, including digestive disorders and when to seek medical care. This guide explains symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options for better gut health. Read more at https://www.gutclinic.co/

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River City Marketing â Complete Digital Growth Partner

Promote your brand with River City Marketing, a results-driven digital marketing agency focused on growth. We specialize in SEO, website design, PPC, and social media strategies that increase visibility and generate qualified leads. Our data-backed approach, transparent reporting, and customized campaigns help businesses build strong online authority, attract more customers, and achieve sustainable, long-term success in competitive markets.

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Key Skills Covered in a Professional Coach Development Program

A professional coaching system is built on knowledge, structure, and continuous learning. Well-designed coach development programs equip coaches with technical expertise, leadership abilities, safety knowledge, and athlete management skills required for modern sports training.

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