Table of Contents FOREWORD BY THE EDITOR FOREWORD BY JOSE VASCONCELOS FOREWORD OF SALVADOR BORREGO ESCALANTE 69 YEARS OF UNFORGETTABLE FIGHT. THE TWO ELEMENTS THAT FORMED BOLCHEVISM GERMANY: IMMEDIATE GOAL OF MARXISM WAR PARENTHESIS SECRET FACTOR IN THE GERMAN DEFEAT CHANGING COURSE FOR GERMANY THE FIRST ANTI-COMMUNIST PARTY FIRE BAPTISM OF NATIONAL SOCIALISM DJUGASHVILI, THE MAN OF STEEL HITLER AND STALIN FACE TO FACE COMMUNISM IS DEFEATED IN SPAIN WHAT COULD BE EXPECTED FROM BERLIN AND MOSCOW? PEOPLES LAUNCHED TO THE ARMS OF THEIR ENEMIES ENGLAND AGAINST THE MARCH TO MOSCOW THE GOLD THRONE PUSHES THE WEST DEEP ROOTS IN THE COLLECTIVE SOUL DROPPING THE OLD QUARRELS WITH FRANCE ACHILLES HEEL OF NATIONAL SOCIALISM CLEAR THE RIGHT FLANK FOUR HOURS FROM THE INNER SPILL LOCK ON THE ROAD TO MOSCOW DECEIVING IS MORE EFFECTIVE THAN DYNAMIT IF THE WAR DID NOT START IN WEST, RUSSIA WOULD FIGHT ALONE TALKING THE SAME LANGUAGE OF WEAPONS ITALY DID NOT HELP, EVEN WITH SILENCE ON THE SHORES OF THE ABYSS HITLER OFFERS PEACE AGAIN THE GATES OF IDEALISM THE WEAKNESS OF FRANKFULNESS THE TERRIBLE GREATNESS OF THE WAR THE UNEQUAL WAR IN THE SEA NORWAY, FIRST LINE OF THE GROUND FIGHT FRANCE, PUSHED TO A BLOODY ABYSS THE PANZER LET THE ENGLISH ESCAPE COLLAPSE OF FRANCE OTHER TWO OFFERS OF PEACE TO ENGLAND TERRORISM INSTEAD OF ONLY STRUGGLE BETWEEN SOLDIERS FRANCE ALSO REFUSES RECONCILIATION COMPLICITY OF THE WEST WITH THE MARXIST EXPANSION CANNON FODDER TO PREVENT THE STRIKE AGAINST THE USSR ALARM IN THE SEA 4000 SEPULTURES IN MALEME ONE MORE EFFORT TO MAKE PEACE WITH ENGLAND HITLER STRATEGIC PLAN AGAINST RUSSIA THE BIGGEST FIGHT IN THE HISTORY OF WEAPONS THE FIRST “CANNAS” OF RUSSIA IN 1941 SECOND VON BOCK EMBESTIDE HITLER ORDER TURN TO THE SOUTH BLOODY ORGY IN LENINGRAD THE HARDNESS OF THE RUSSIAN SOLDIER THE ONE THAT APPEARED TO BE THE LAST BATTLE MOSCOW TREMBLES UNDER THE FIRE FROM THE DAWN OF VICTORY TO THE SHORES OF DISASTER ISRAELITE ARMS IN ASSISTANCE OF THE USSR THE LARGEST COALITION IN HISTORY THE ROME-BERLIN-TOKYO AXIS NEVER EXISTED WAR TO DEATH BETWEEN NAZIS AND JEWS FIRE FLOOD OVER GERMANY THE 6 FRONTS AGAINST GERMANY IN 1942 THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC A BURDEN AND NOT AN ALLY WEST AT THE SERVICE OF THE USSR FROM KERTSCH TO LENINGRAD FROM CRIMEA TO THE CAUCASUS MOUNTAINS 700 KM FORWARD UP TO KALATSCH THE 6th GERMAN ARMY OPENS STEP TO ITS TUMB THE HERITAGE OF THE 6TH ARMY SMALL MARGIN FROM DEFEAT TO TRIUMPH THE BLOOD SPILLED ON THE EAST FRONT 16 MILLION CASUALTIES IN THE USSR UNTIL 1943 KILLING OF PRISONERS THE AIR FRONT AGAINST GERMANY 1942 1943 DISASTER IN THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC SECRET WEAPONS AGAINST NUMERICAL SUPERIORITY SABOTAGE, GUERILLAS AND COUPS ROOSEVELT’S FRIENDS ITALY FALLS AT THE FIRST BLOW OF WAR FIVE MONTHS IN MONTE CASSINO THE MOST PRECIOUS QUALITY OF MAN THE DOORS OF THE WORLD OPEN TO BOLCHEVISM THE ALLIED INVASION OF WESTERN EUROPE HITLER’S RESOURCES AGAINST THE INVASION TRANSFORMATION OF THE UNDERWATER FLEET SUPREME EFFORT OF SOVIETS AND GERMANS THE LUFTWAFFE AGONIZES THE LAST TWO STRIKES IN THE WEST BOLSHEVISM BURSTS IN GERMANY AN ARMY NOT OVERCOMED BY ANY OTHER TWO HAZARDS KNOWN BY NAME UNTIL THE LAST DROP OF BLOOD HITLER IN HIS LAST BATTLE UNCONDITIONALLY UNTIL DEATH WESTERN DYNAMITES THE BOLSHEVIK DEFENSE DISMANTLING OF GERMANY HUMANITARIAN TREATMENT TO THE PRISONERS RESURRECTION IN MASS OF JEWS? THE VICTORY IS CONSUMED, BUT WHO’S VICTORY? REACHING THE DEFEAT OF THE WESTERN WORLD ASIA WAS TREATED AND DELIVERED TO BOLSHEVISM 697 MILLION MORE FOR ISRAELITE MARXISM ENABLING ROOSEVELT “FREEDOM” THE ATOMIC BOMB TRAFFIC STALIN BREAKS WITH JUDAISM AND DIES SUDDENLY JEWS IN THE TWO BANDS OF THE GAME END OF WESTERN COLONYAGE, BUT FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE USSR THE DISORDERS IN IBERO-AMERICA THREE DISADVANTAGES THAT COMMUNISM HAS NOT OVERCOME ANTI-COMMUNISM, IN THE HANDS OF COMMUNISTS. THE RIGHTS OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE BEFORE THE ABYSS The most precious possession you have in the world is your own people. And for this people, and for the sake of this people, we will struggle and fight, and never slacken, never tire, never lose courage, and never lose faith. The struggle against Marxism has for the first time evolved into a united struggle. — Adolf Hitler "We stand for the maintenance of private property." — Adolf Hitler Those who have realized the main goal of the global financial elites; The Great Reset or NWO, the imposition of a Communist totalitarian regime, are beginning to realize that the historical enemies of National Socialism have become the current exploiters of humanity. However, for most people, there is any sympathy for this movement, even the name of the doctrine has even been distorted, pejoratively calling it "Nazism"! It was not racial hatred, nor the desire for domination, the main causes of World War II, as the current educational system maintains; the Third Reich propitiated world liberation concerning the Jewish international finance and their Marxist agents. These adversaries knew the effectiveness of the National Socialist economy and, in order to destroy it, led to the most apocalyptic war that humanity has endured. Salvador Borrego Escalante (1915-2018). Mexican journalist and prolific writer. He published more than thirty books, including Worldwide Defeat ("Derrota Mundial"), published on 1953. He is considered one of the first and main representatives of Spanish-speaking historical revisionism. WORLDWIDE DEFEAT BY SALVADOR BORREGO First Edition published in Mexico, 1953 Translated into English by Erick Dahner © 2021 All Rights Reserved Worldwide Defeat. Copyright © 1953 by Salvador Borrego. Published by Libreria Vigente http://libreriavigenteladerrotamundial.blogspot.com/ ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be used or reproduced by any form or by any means graphic, electronic or mechanical without the prior permission of the publisher; including photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, web distribution, information networks and retrieval systems, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. First Edition published in Mexico 1st. December 1953. 2,000 copies. ISBN: 4567-5634-76 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Foreword by Jose Vasconcelos Foreword by Salvador Borrego Escalante CHAPTER 1: Red aurora (1848-1918) 69 years of unforgettable fight The two elements that formed bolshevism Germany: immediate goal of Marxism War parenthesis Secret factor in the German defeat CHAPTER 2: Hitler towards the East (1919-1936) Changing course for Germany The first anti-communist party Fire baptism of National Socialism Djugashvili, the man of steel Hitler and Stalin face to face Communism is defeated in Spain CHAPTER 3: The West gets in the way (1933-1939) What could be expected from Berlin and Moscow? Peoples launched to the arms of their enemies England against the march to Moscow The Gold Throne pushes West Deep roots in the collective soul Dropping the old quarrels with France Aquiles heel of National Socialism Clear the right flank Four hours from the inner spill Lock on the road to Moscow Deceiving is more effective than dynamite CHAPTER 4: The war Hitler didn’t want (1939-1940) If the war did not start in west, Russia would fight alone Talking the same language of weapons Italy did not help, even with silence On the shores of the abyss Hitler offers peace again The gates of idealism The weakness of frankfulness The terrible greatness of the war The unequal war in the sea Norway, first line of the ground fight France, pushed to a bloody abyss The panzer let the English escape The Collapse of France CHAPTER 5: Back to the East (1940-1941) Other two offers of peace to England Terrorism instead of only struggle between soldiers France also refuses reconciliation Complicity of west with the Marxist expansion Cannon fodder to prevent the strike against the USSR Alarm in the sea 4000 sepultures in Maleme One more effort to make peace with England CHAPTER 6: The war that Hitler did want (1941) Hitler strategic plan against Russia The biggest fight in the history of weapons The first “cannas” of Russia in 1941 Second von Bock embestide Hitler order turn to the south Bloody orgy in Leningrad The hardness of the Russian soldier The one that appeared to be the last battle Moscow trembles under the fire From the dawn of victory to the shores of disaster CHAPTER 7: Saving Bolshevism (1941-1942) Israelite arms in assistance of the USSR The largest coalition in history The Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis never existed War to death between Nazis and Jews Fire flood over Germany The 6 fronts against Germany in 1942 The battle of the Atlantic A burden and not a partner West at the service of the USSR From Kertsch to Leningrad From Crimea to the Caucasus Mountains 700 km forward up to Kalatsch The 6th German Army opens step to its tumb CHAPTER 8: Victory swing (1943) The heritage of the 6th Army Small margin from defeat to triumph The blood spilled on the East Front 16 million casualties in the USSR until 1943 Killing of prisoners The Air Front against Germany 1942-1943 German disaster in the battle of the Atlantic Secret weapons against numerical superiority Sabotage, guerillas and coups Roosevelt’s friends Italy falls at the first blow of war Fall and rescue of Mussolini Five months in Monte Cassino CHAPTER 9: The highest summits of human effort (1944) The most precious q uality of man The doors of the world open to bolshevism The allied invasion of Western Europe Hitler’s resources against the invasion Transformation of the underwater fleet Supreme effort of Soviets and Germans The Luftwaffe agonizes The last two strikes in the West Bolshevism bursts in Germany An army not overcomed by any other CHAPTER 10: The end of Hitler (1945) Two hazards known by name Until the last drop of blood Hitler in his last battle Unconditionally until death Western dynamites the Bolshevik defense Dismantling of Germany Humanitarian treatment to the prisoners Resurrection in mass of Jews? CHAPTER 11: Worldwide defeat (1945-1965) The victory is consumed, but whose victory? Reaching the defeat of the Western world Asia was treated and delivered to bolshevism 697 million more for Israelite Marxism Enabling Roosevelt “freedom” The atomic bomb traffic Stalin breaks with Judaism and dies suddenly Jews in the two bands of the game End of western colonyage, but for the benefit of the USSR The disorders in iberoamerica Three disadvantages that communism has not overcome Anti-communism, in the hands of communists The rights of the Jewish people Before the abyss BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION FOREWORD BY THE EDITOR It is an honor to present the most important revisionist book of all time: “Worldwide Defeat”, by Salvador Borrego Escalante. This work, worthy of a son of our America, is the most complete and comprehensive story ever made of World War II. It should be noted that the editions of this book are inconceivable today; its content is inconvenient for the world government, as it highlights many hidden interests that support the current system. Even a totally altered and distorted edition circulated in the network to cover up the truths that it denounces. This edition that we are pleased to make available to the revisionist reader is the result of the effort and recovery of a group of truth-seekers, who have found one of the few copies of “Worldwide Defeat” that still exist, to develop a strategy of dissemination. That makes this wonderful book available to many more people, capable of generating political activism, relevant today more than ever. Salvador Borrego takes us through the history of Marxism, the emergence of Bolshevism and its World Revolution, the rise of Fascism and Nationalism, the manipulation of the great corporate transnationals behind all the conspiracy made to promote this terrible worldwide conflagration. Likewise, the author takes us on an extraordinary trip to the stages of the great military campaigns of the Second World War, where the reader can feel the drama of war actions; narrating with extraordinary precision the smallest details of each battle and its protagonists, in exhaustive revisionism backed by a bibliography of three hundred and fifty specialized works, and more than 5000 newspaper and magazine clippings. All historical defense is an apology for an idea and its actions and consequences. After the War, it is argued that the Allies liberated Europe and Germany from the Nazi tyrannical horror. Borrego’s work reveals the other side, the hidden and sinister truth; the evil that the Allied Victory have brought to Western Civilization. World War II was Adolf Hitler’s struggle to overthrow the Jewish intentions of global dominance; sponsored by World’s Zionist Organization, International Marxism and Universal Freemasonry. As these institutions repeatedly came to the public light during the war, the Jewish Political Movement raised a protective armor around them, fabricating the myth of the six million Jews killed by Germany. In this way, those who caused the great conflict have been covered with the mantle of martyrdom. The defeat of Germany in 1945 clearly marked a watershed in world history, and especially for the West: In a real sense, Hitler’s defeat implicitly became the defeat of Europe and the traditional values that underpinned it. It has been the greatest catastrophe mankind has ever suffered, but did not mark the end of the Weltanschauung . A doctrine cannot be exterminated in Dresden, an idea cannot be hung on at Nuremberg. Through the immense sacrifice of their martyrs, National Socialism acquired an eternal and universal validity. Hitler won the war ideologically. Those who have read this book understand that the only way to confront with success the historical enemies of humanity is through the spiritual resurrection of the White Race . National Socialism is the natural expression of the social order of this race, creator of the highest historical manifestations of culture and civilization. FOREWORD BY JOSE VASCONCELOS The work of Salvador Borrego E., which today reaches its second edition, is one of the most important ones that have ever been published in America. It gives satisfaction that a Mexican of our generation has been able to judge with so much certainty the events that we know as World War II. Placed on the side of the enemies of the German power, it is natural for us that all of our ideas be tainted with the color of the allied propaganda. Modern wars unfold in the frontlines and the pages of the press. Propaganda is a powerful weapon, sometimes decisive in deceiving world opinion. Already since the first European war, it was witnessed an audacity to deceive, which was put into practice by agencies and newspapers that enjoyed a seemingly irreproachable reputation. Deceit, however, achieved its objective. Entire groups of nations, which should have been neutral, were dragged into participating in the conflict, moved by a sentiment founded on information that afterwards was found out to be deliberately fabricated by the faction that controlled world communications. Just as bad that geographic and political needs brought us to participate in conflicts that were foreign to our historical destiny; the worst is that we let deceit convince us. We had to affiliate with the faction that was closest to us; the trouble is that it was too numerous, among us, the caste of the enthusiasts of deceit. Unfortunate is the spectacle that is still given by some of our “intellectuals”, when they speak of the defense of democracy, at the same time that they cannot delete off their foreheads the shameful mark of having served vernacular dictatorships that systematically boast the suffrage. Let us forget those pseudo-revolutionaries, who are no more than usurers of a Revolution that they have contributed to dishonor, and let us try to clear up the mind of those who within good faith remained deceived. “During six years, Borrego says, the world believed to be fighting for the flag of democracy and freedom that the allied countries hoisted in the name of Poland. But once the victory was consummated, entire countries, including Poland, lost their sovereignty under the inexplicable spell of a victory whose disaster very few were able to foresee.” The first edition of the book of Borrego was published barely two years ago, and in such a short time, the course of events has confirmed its predictions and has multiplied the evils that this book so courageously discovered. It is no longer just Poland; half a dozen European nations that used to be flourishing centers of the Western Christian culture, are now being crushed upon by the Soviet boot, and are in a state of “definite disintegration.” And the anti-Christian monster continues advancing. Behind the smile of Mendes-France, always victorious, as their henchmen say; behind that enigmatic smile, six million Catholics in Vietnam, precious fruit of a century of French missionary labor, have fallen within the circle of slavery and torture that Marxists devote to Christian populations. The contemporary case has precedent in the Asian invasions of Genghis-Kan, who enslaved nations; it has precedent in the conquests of Sultan, who decapitated Christians within the temples that they had erected for their faith. The nowadays conflict is another crucial moment in the perennial fight that Christianity has to endure to survive. In the book of Borrego, penetrating and analytical, and at the same time enlightened and prophetic, the details of the tremendous conspiracy are revealed. The distribution of the book of Borrego is of the highest patriotic interest for all the Spanish-speaking peoples. Us, heirs of the epic of the Re-conquest that saved Christendom of the invasion of the Moors, and of the Counter-Reformation headed by Philip II, that saved Catholicism of the perilous conspiracy of the Lutherans and Calvinists, no one is more obligated than us to unmask the hypocrites and to contain the advance of the perverse. The fight will cost us countless pains. No nation can escape the demands of history, which are of action and sacrifice. Comfort is always the longing, never fulfilled. The fight among men has to continue indefinite and periodically relentless, until the End of Time approaches, as the prophecy warns. Jose Vasconcelos February 1955 FOREWORD OF SALVADOR BORREGO ESCALANTE It is a neutral remembrance to look back to the extraordinary days of the Second World War only with the neat scruple of citing dates and recounting events. It is a luxury of idleness to look at the past without the effort to obtain lights for the present. But knowing better what happened and what happens now, more can be foreseen what is about to happen. Without this specific function, any contribution to history, and even history itself would be reduced to simple curiosity or hobby. It is a fact that has not yet completely silenced the fire that for six years kept alive that sinister body of death that was the Second World War, the world suddenly found itself on the threshold of another more destructive and uncertain war. For six years humanity believed himself fighting for the final peace, but the chords of his victory were overshadowed by the threat of an even greater cataclysm. For six years the world believed to fight for the flag of freedom and democracy that the allied countries, raised in the name of Poland. But when the “ victory ” was consummated, entire countries, including Poland itself, lost their sovereignty under the inexplicable spell of a victory whose disaster very few managed to foresee. An amazing and sudden result, after six years of apparent struggle for freedom and democracy and a definitive peace, surprised the world: it was no longer the freedom of the Poles —freedom completely lost, despite the “ victory ”— that is at risk, but the freedom of the entire world. It was no longer simply the conquest among the great powers that swayed at stake, but the fate of the American people; the fate of Germany and Great Britain, and thus that of the whole of Europe as well. In the armed conflict that began the dawn of September 1, 1939, the germs of what is to come were throbbed. In what happened then the shadows of what the future reserves for us are already filtered. In the reverberation of the Second World War, there are lightning bolts that light the decades and perhaps the centuries to come. Much has been said about the war. A sea of almost inexhaustible dates overwhelms and will overwhelm the first historians for a long time. Most of this data is hieroglyphic. Facts and figures, despite the conclusiveness of their concrete quality, are often just symbols or frontispiece of deeper realities. To understand this war and the monstrous deception that the world suffered with it, simply seeing that sea of data, is the same as contemplating, classifying or recounting appearances of cuneiform inscriptions and assuming that with this the Sumerian civilization was known. Between the symbols and their significance mediates an abyss. The past war specifics had become darker because of the technical advances put at the diffusion of thought. Radiograms, cablegrams, books, films, brochures, etc., have their positive orientation front; and its negative side of confusion, according to the sense in which they are used. In and after the war, they have been used to confuse. A flood of chronicles with a dosed intention of apparently historical books, broadcasts and films under the intangible influence of the same inspiring conceals, obscure situations, infiltrate deformations. Nothing is so strange that even the most serene, objective and impartial spirits —not to mention masses lacking self-opinion reach the wrong conclusions. That is why many firm consciences have insensibly endorsed the foreign and tricky way of raising the global problem of the Second War. Once that first false step has been taken, the following are wrong as well, and that is why it is so frequent that men of deep understanding and solid judgment now confess their bewilderment to international events. A new examination of what happened, and why it happened, can clarify present events and help anticipate future ones. The monstrous deception that the world suffered by immolating millions of lives and consuming immeasurable efforts on fire, and then being in an incomparably worse situation than the previous one, is not the work of chance. If the result were only disordered, perhaps nothing would be suspicious. But in the bankruptcy that the western world is facing now, an admirable fabric is hidden a hundred events. Within the apparent disorder, there is an admirable linkage of facts that obey the same impulse and March towards the same goal. Behind all this, there is “intelligence” and a force. The current situation is not the fortuitous result of the disorder, but the remarkable culmination of a series of acts that are linked following a sequence and a path. The West is suddenly in the moment more committed in its history, but its misfortune has not descended from accidental events, it has been carefully and scrupulously carved. Examining the origins and development of the Second War, lights emerge that explain the present. Such is the purpose of this book. Many of those who saw the Macedonian phalanges disappear; of those who witnessed the fall of Alexander, the assassination of Caesar, the capitulation of Napoleon, they thought they were attending ordinary events, but they were witnessing the glares that ignite every zig-zag in history. What we now have insight is more than the brightness of a simple change; It is the immeasurable fire of a culture that falls without knowing why it senses the footsteps of a mortal danger. The Jewish people as a whole will become its own Messiah. It will attain world dominion by the dissolution of other races, by the abolition of frontiers, the annihilation of monarchy and by the establishment of a world republic in which the Jews will everywhere exercise the privilege of citizenship. In this New World Order, the children of Israel will furnish all the leaders without encountering opposition. The Governments of the different peoples forming the world republic will fall without difficulty into the hands of the Jews. It will then be possible for the Jewish rulers to abolish private property and everywhere to make use of the resources of the state. Thus will the promise of the Talmud be fulfilled, in which is said that when the Messianic time comes, the Jews will have all the property of the whole world in their hands. Baruch Levy, Letter to Karl Marx, La Revue de Paris, p.574, June 1, 1928 CHAPTER 1: Red Aurora (1848-1918) 69 YEARS OF UNFORGETTABLE FIGHT. In the second half of the last century, the shady forests and the extreme steppes of Russia already guarded as jealously as now the enigmatic mystique of the Russian soul. Outside their borders, only a few minds, modulated to hear the passing of the centuries to come, managed to glimpse something among those few minds that on the shoulder of an era glimpsed by the political future. Nietzsche envisioned in 1886: “It is in France where the will is falling. The willpower is more pronounced in Germany, in England, in Spain and Corsica by the adamant heads of its inhabitants, but it is more developed in Russia, where the willpower for a long time accumulated awaits the opportunity to unleash. I wish the Russian threat would grow for Europe to put itself in defense and gather a lasting and terrible will to set a goal of millennia. The time of small politics has passed: the next century promises us the fight for world domination”. [“Beyond Good and Evil” —Friedrich Nietzsche] At that time, Russia was struggling in bloody turbulence, which a strange mixture of nihilists and Marxist revolutionaries tried to channel through a secret Executive Committee. The backbone of that bold move was made up of hard- working and intelligent Israelites, members of communities that had endured severe suffering in Russia’s harsh environment for many generations. Since the first years of our Era, Jewish emigrants had already settled in the territories that centuries later would be part of southern Russia. Painful vicissitudes have lived since then, but they never lost their racial cohesion. In 1648 the Cossacks launched themselves furiously against them, and after bloody clashes, they prohibited Israelite communities from living in Ukraine. In general, the population was hostile to them, so reluctant to the fusion of blood and customs. The Russian lands continued to attract incessantly Jewish communities emigrated from Western Europe. Empress Bisabetha Petrovna was alarmed at this phenomenon and in 1743 refused to admit more immigrants. However, fifty years later the annexation of Polish territories turned thousands of Jews into subjects of Russia. The Israelite communities increased considerably, suffering hostilities and persecutions, as had happened to their ancestors in all times and all peoples. Tsar Alexander I (who ruled from 1801 to 1825) treated the Jewish population with benevolence and suffered a complete failure in pretending to assimilate them with the Russian population. The next Tsar, Nicholas I (1825-1855) was impatient at the reluctance of the Israeli communities to merge with the Russian population. He reduced their civic rights, extending them the mandatory military service that already prevailed in the Empire. This implementation caused disturbances and discontent among the Jews, but once again, they managed to preserve their racial ties and their ancient customs. Upon rising to the throne Alexander II (1855) the situation of the Israelites improved again, and soon they prospered in commerce, literature and journalism. Several Jewish newspapers were published in St. Petersburg and Odessa. Just then —revolving around the communist doctrine outlined in 1848 by the Israelites Marx and Engels— the revolutionary upheaval was invigorated in Russia. In 1880 the Israelites Leo Deutsch, P. Axelrod and Vera Zasulich, and the Russian Plekhanov formed the first Russian communist organization. And a year later several conspirators, headed by the Jew Vera Figner, murdered Tsar Alexander II. His son, Alexander III, believed that the concessions made by his father had been paid with ingratitude and blood. Consequently, he expelled the Jews from St. Petersburg, from Moscow and other cities, and further reduced their civic rights. The growing disorders and attacks attributed to the influence of strange ideas to the Russian people and ordered to emphasize nationalism and repress the political activities of the Hebrew intellectuals. The intelligent Israelite population remained closely united in those years of danger. The Jews, jealous of their blood purity, used to overcome the hostilities generated by their peculiar idiosyncrasy. They knew how to take advantage of the unfavourable reactions they encountered in their path. This original ability, sharpened by their Talmudic beliefs, has shown that no people are truly defeated as long as their spirit remains untamed. This race saw how thousands of their children, had emigrated to Russian lands, clashed with the abrupt character of the Russian people, and were then subjected to hostilities and persecutions. The regime of Alexander III was hard on them. And they protected themselves by mimicking the nationalities of the most varied countries where they came from, although deep down they were still the same race, the same religion and the same spirit. When Tsar Alexander II was murdered in 1881, Tsarist Minister Pobodonosteff estimated the number of Jews living in Russia at six million. He projected vigorous action to forcefully convert them to Christianity and expel at least two million of them. Although his plan was not practiced, there were many detainees and