A Nominal List of Slaves and their Owners in Ile Roy ale, 1713-17 60 Kenneth Donovan In a forthcoming article in Acadie11sis, "S laves and their Owners in Ile Royale, 1713- 1760," I describe the lives of 2 16 persons who were enslaved in Cape Breton (lie Royale) during the French regime. Most of the slaves in Ile Royale were consigned to some sort of domestic servitude. The women performed a wide variety of domestic chores from looking after children to cleaning clothes, scrubbing floors, preparing meals and washing dishes. The men performed many outdoor tasks; they tended gardens, fed animals, cleaned stables, ca rried water and cut firewood. Slaves were an integral part of local society. The following is a roughly chronological list of 216 persons enslaved in Cape Breton from 1713 to 1760. In most cases I have been able to name either the slave or the owner. Slaves owned by the same master are grouped together. Some abbreviations are used: A - appears; Ad - administration; B - baptism; D - death; De - departs Ile Royale; E - estate; Fp - fishing proprietor; M - merchant; Ma - manied; P - purchase; 0 - officer; Sc - shipcaptain; R - returns to Ile Royale; W - witness at baptism or wedding. African-Americans were the most numerous slaves in Cape Breton, but there were nt least eighteen Amerindians enslaved in the colony as well. In the Louisbourg parish records, Amerindian slaves were usually referred to as "s auvage" or "Panis." The latter term derived from the enslaved Pawnee tribe, native to the region that eventually became the state of Nebraska. The gallicism "Panis" had become a generic term for Amerindian slaves by the mid-eighteenth century. Two of the children on the list, twe lv e-year-old Cesard and fou1teen-year- old Rosalie (11ames italicized), were so ld to new owners at Louisbourg in 1734 and 1736, respectively. The sale agreements for Cesard and Rosalie are appended to the nominal list. Kenneth Donovan is an hi Morian al Fonre.~s or Loui~bourg Nationa l Hi$loric Sile. Name a 11 d age of sl ave O ri gi 11 Name a11 d o cc11pati(m of ow 11 er Date u, I Georges Pl acentia Governor Coste be lle p 1713 N 2 Anonymous St. Domi ngue Mad a me Pithou, widow A 17243 3 Anonymous St. Domi ngue Madame Pithou , widow A 1724 4 Anony mous boy drowned on Sab le Isl.ind Michel Dnccareue, M . D 1724 5 Blaise Si mon ( 15) Guinee Mic h el Daccarette, M . B 1732 6 Jean (II) Michel D acca relle, M. B 1732 7 Lo ui se (25). Panis Canada Jean Seigneur, Innkeeper p 1 727 8 Louis. Panis, in fant of Louise Louisbourg Jean Seigneur. Innkeeper B 1728 9 Erien ne ( 14) Ma rt iniq ue Jean Seigneur, Innkeeper B 1728 IO J ea n Bap t iste ( I0) Wes t Indi es Jean Baptiste Morel, Sc. B 1728 11 J ean Bapt iste ( IOJ Governor St. Ovide B 1728 12 Char les Joseph (10) West In di es Governor St. Ovide B 1729 13 Marie Joseph, Panis unknown A 1729 14 Clau de Francois. Panis. infa nt of Marie Jose ph Louisbourg 8 1729 15 Marie Therese ( 15 l Charles J. Dailleboust. 0 . B 1730 z 0 16 Marie F ra n ~o ise, infant of Therese Lou isbourg C.J.Dailleboust. 0. B 1734 < !:) 17 Claude (infant of Therese) Lou isbourg CJ. Dailleboust, 0 . B 1738 ti) 0 18 Marie Angelique (t wi n of Claude) Louisbourg C. J. Dailleboust, 0. B 1738 ~ ;;· 19 Grnndcombe (45) Guadeloupe Marquis de Senneu, Sc. D 1 732 ::c 20 Pompee (1 2) Joseph Lartigue. Ad. D 17 32 ~· 0 21 George dit Sau zy (7) Pierre Morpain. Ad B 1732 .., ;:;· C, 22 Anonymous male Ouidah Jean P ie rre Roma , M. p 1732 - ;,:, 23 An onymo us male Ouidah Jean Pierre Roma. M. p 1732 (l> < 24 Anonymo us female Ouidah J ea n P ie rre Roma, M. p 1732 Cl> < Name and age of slave Origi11 Name a11d occ 11pati o 11 of ow11er Date z 25 Anonymous female Ouidah Jean Pierre Roma, M. p 1732 0 < s:,, 26 Male(l5) Maninique Jean Pierre Roma, M. p 1733 C/) 0 27 Anonymous male unknown Jean Pierre Roma, M. p 1 738 g. 28 Anonymous male unknown Je an Pierre Roma. M. p 1738 C, :I: 29 Anonymous female unknown Jean Pierre Roma, M. p 1738 ;;;; · 30 Anonymous female unknown Jean Pierre Roma, M. p 1738 0 ::. 0 3 1 Barbe (25 J mother Je an Pierre Roma, M. A 1748 ~ 32 Marie, infant of Barbe Louisbourg Jean Pierre Roma, M. B 1748 ;;,o ~ 33 S1. Jean Jean Pierre Roma, M. R 1749 < o· 34 Pierre Josse lin (25) Dugas, Carpemer D 1733 :E 35 Anonymous ( IO) Maninique Andre Moise!, Sc D 1733 36 Charles ( 18 ) P ierre Benoi sc. 0. E 1733 37 Anonymous male M. Levasse ur , Ad. A 1733 38 Anonymous female Jean B. Lagrange, Surgeon D 1733 39 Jean Gassanau lc B. Cassaignolles, M. D 1734 40 Catherine Fran~oise (7) Marie An ne de Belle Isle B 1733 41 Cesetrd ( I 2) West bicfies Louis lacha11111e, M. p 1 734 42 Louis Brede St. Malo Crew of the King George A 1735 43 Fran,_:ois An1hoine Marie ( 14) F. Lessene dir Francoeur, M. B 1735 44 Jac que (fucher) unknown, at baptism of so n w 1735 45 Magdelaine Acheury (mother) unknown. at baptism of son w 1735 46 Phi li ppe, infnnt son of Jacque & Magdelaine Louisbourg unknown B 1735 47 Philippe unknown godparent w 1735 48 Ma rie Jeanne unknown godparent w 1735 VI I..> Name a11d age of slave Origi11 Name a11d occupa tion of ow11er Date Vl 49 George, F ree fisherman for Marie Pere A 17 35 .i,.. 50 Marie Margue ri te Ro se (1 9) Guin ee Jean C. Lo ppi not, 0. B 1736 51 Jea n. infan1 of Mane Rose Loui sbourg Je an C. Loppino t, O. B 1 738 52 Ja cq ues ( 12) W es t In dies Jacq ues LeRay. Sc. B 1736 53 R<1salie ( /4 J Andre Carrero/, M . p 1736 54 Marie Louise Guinee Lo uis Jouet. M. A 1736 55 Jean Bapt iste (Marie's child) Lou isbourg Louis Jouet, M. B 1736 56 Isabelle (Mar ie· s ch i ld) Louisbourg Loui s Jouet, M. B 1737 57 Jac qu es (Marie's chi ld) Lou isb ourg Louis Jouet, M. B 1 739 58 Mane Je an ne (Marie's child) Lou isb ourg L ou is Jouet, M. B 1742 59 Jacqu es (17) Loui s Jouec. M. B 1736 60 An1oine (adult) Loui s Jouet. M. B 1 74 2 61 Catherine (Mane's child) Lou is bourg Lo uis Jou et, M. B 1743 62 Pi erre (Marie's child) Lou isb ourg Lo uis Jou et. M. R 1749 63 F ran~oise Lo uis Jouec. M. R 1749 64 Jean Charles (Marie's child) Lou isbo urg Louis Jouet. M. B 1753 z 0 < 65 Michel Coustard. Free, ~ (Mane's child) Lou isb ourg B 17 54 (/) 0 66 Thtrese Coustard, Free, ~ s· (Marie's child) Lou is bourg B 17 57 ;; 67 Anonymous West Ind ie s unknown A 1737 "' 0 68 Anonymous Wes1 Indies unknown A 17 37 ... ;::;· i:, 69 Anonymou s West I ndies unknown A 1737 - :;o 70 An onymous male New England Peter Fanueil, M. A 173 7 (1) < 71 Anonym ous male New England Pe te r Fane u il, M. A 17 37 ;;;· :€ Name a11d age of sla1•e Origi11 Name a11d oc c11p aJio 11 of owner Date z 0 72 Frani;ois dit Jasmin (50) Elie Tesson, Fp D 1 738 < b 73 Asar Julien Grandcham ps. Innkeeper p 1738 en n 74 Louis Joseph (14) Pan is Julien Grandchammps B 17 39 ~ 75 Je anneton (40 ) St. Domingue Jean Manin, Sc. D 1739 p ' ::c 76 Young male u nk nown Isaac-Louis De Forant, Governor p 1739 ;;;;· 8 77 Anonymous male Widow Desmarest A 1739 ~ ;:;· 78 Jeanneton (14) St. Dom i ngue Pierre Manissans. M. D 1739 ~ 79 Jean Baptiste { 1 5) Pierre Ma11issans, M. B 1741 ,:, O> 80 Anonymous male Crew of L' Aigfe A 1740 < (i ' 81 Anony mo us m ale West Indies Crew of Sr. Michel p 1740 ~ 82 Catherine Frani;oise (7) M. Rodrigue, wife of M. B 1740 83 Marie Flore (28) Africa Pierre Boullot, Sc. A 1741 84 Amy Guadeloupe Juli en Bann ier p 1742 85 Frani,ois Martinique executioner A 1742 86 Laurent Michel Rod rigue. M. B 1742 87 Jean Baptiste Estienne (20) Brothers of Charity B 17 42 88 Estienne (godfmher of Jean Baptiste) lik ely Brothers of Charity w 1742 89 Ma rie (go dmother of Jean Baptiste) un k nown w 1742 90 Madelaine Brothers of Ch arity R 1749 91 Hector Brothers of Charity R 174 9 92 Jean La Vi elle Brothers of Charity R 1749 93 A slave woman New England Si mone Millou. Fp p 17 43 94 Cola. child, Pani s Frnnce Guillaume De lo rt, M. D 1 743 9 5 Laurent (I 5) West Indies Leon Fau toux. M. B 17 44 ;:;; V1 Name a11d age of slave Origi11 Name a11d occ11patio11 of ow11er Date V, 96 Black female Anne Dupres, Cloth M. E 1744 O', 97 Louise Lawrence New Engla nd Laurent Meyracq, Ad. B 1745 98 Mother, Panis unknown A 1 745 99 Antoine, Panis (i nf ant of mothe r, above) Lou isbourg unknown B 1745 100 Anonymo us Captured by New Eng lan ders, 4 May A 1 745 JOI Catto New England Will iam Pepperell A 1 745 102 Cufftee Cambridge, Massachusetts Mr. M on is A 1745 103 Anonymous, musi c ian New York Peter Warren A 1 745 104 Peter New En gland Robert Glovers, 0 . D 1745 105 Newport Cofew, Free New Eng land und er comm Ri chard Mu mford 0 1 745 106 Ruben New England under command of D. Bacon A 1745 107 Gambo New Eng l and under command of Col. Moore A 1 745 108 Cuffey New England under command of Cap. Lum bert A 1745 109 Neg ro drummer New England under comm of Samuel Rhodes A 1745 1 IO John Gloster Portsmou th Theodore Atk i nson A 1 745 z 0 111 Ephra hi m New England Connecticut Regiment A 1745 < i:, 1 12 Joseph New Eng l an d Connecticut Regiment, servant A 17 45 en n g 113 Benjamin N ew Eng land Connecticut Regiment D 1746 s· 114 Abraham New England Connect icu t Regiment D 1 746 = 11 5 Zabud June N ew England under comm. Nathan Whi t in g A 1745 .;; · Q 116 Ja cob Toto New England under comm. Na th an Whit in g A 17 45 (')' i:, 117 Simon T ob e New England under comm. Nathan Whit in g A 1745 - ,:i (II < iii' ~ Name a 11d age ofsla~e Origi11 Name a11d occuputio11 of owner Dute z 1 18 Phillip Devotion New Enghlnd under comm. John Storer 0 A 1744 < I'> 119 Cato New England und er comm. John Storer A 1 745 en 0 12 0 Cuffe Homeny New England under comm. Moses Pearson A 1746 g_ 1 21 R ubi n N ew En gland under comm. Capta in Hufton A 1 746 "' ::c: 122 Qua sh New England labourer A 1747 i;;· 123 Neg ro Tom N ew England A 1747 0 m as on ""' c=;· 1 24 Negro Will New England ma son A 1747 !=.. 1 25 Clo rin Magdeline Lartigue. widow A 1 749 ~ ~ 126 Catherine Co ngo Bernard Detcheverry, M. R 17 49 < er 127 Angelique Jacques Prevost, Ad. R 1749 :.;; 128 Ange l ique 's infant son Louisbourg Jacques Prevos1, Ad R 17 49 1 29 Jean Narc isse Jac ques Prevos t, Ad B 1 754 1 30 Pierre Jacques Prevos 1, Ad B 17 54 13 1 An t oine Mu la tto of Lou isbo u rg anives in Cape Bre ton A 1750 132 Franco is Xavier (25), Free F ra nc e an indenlllred ser vant A 1751 133 Lon gfo rd New Eng la nd on ship Pons 111011r h A 1 752 134 Louis Anonymous De 1 752 1 35 Anonymous fem al e Loui s Delort, M. E 1753 136 Marie Anne M. Des Noyes A 17 53 1 37 Josep h, infa nt of Marie Anne Loui sbourg M. De s Noyes B 1 753 1 38 Black male (11) M. Poincu, wife of F p. p 1 757 139 Ma rg uerite (3 ), Pan is Michel Rodrigue, M. A 17 16 140 Anonymous, infant of Marguerite Lou i sbou rg Miche l Rodrigue, M. B 173 9 141 Ch arlo tte Roben Duhaget, 0 . R 1749 142 Jean U ni que Phili ppe de B eau bassin, M. R 1749 V, 1 43 M arie -.I Philippe de Beau bass in. M. A 174 9 Name a 11 d age of slave Or igi11 Name and occupation of ow11er Date Vl 144 Anonymous ( 14) Philippe de Beaubassin, M. D 1754 00 I 45 Cap i 1ran Louis Delort, M . R 1749 1 46 Fran~ois Antoine Castaing, M. R 1749 147 Ca1herine Congo B la ise Cassaignolles, M . R 1749 148 Claire Leon Fautoux, M. R 1749 1 49 Marie Jose ph (1 7). Panis Canada Trerie B 1749 150 Marie, Pa n is u nknow n A 175 0 151 Marie El izabe1h, Panis, infan t of Marie Louisbourg B 1750 152 Moll New England Pierre Augurau x, M. F 1751 153 Anonymous fem ale Lou is Blanchard, M. p 1 752 154 Anonymous ma le S. Maurin, Sc. A 1 752 15 5 Po li dor M. Pascault De 1 753 156 Jean(! I) New York Josse Bene, M. p 1 753 157 Fran~oise, Panis Michel Dumoncel, M. A 1754 158 Marie Jeanne. Panis, z 0 infant of Fr an,;o ise Louisbourg Michel Dumoncel, M. B 175 7 < l'l 159 Marie A nne, Panis Louis Lagroix, M. p 1756 en n 160 Jeanne Jose ph, Panis, g_ l'l in fant of Marie Ann e Louisbou rg Lo ui s Lagroix. M. B 1758 :E 161 Anonymous fema le Jean de Depensens. 0. A 1744 "' 0 162 Ma l fich France Bertrand Larreguy, M. A 1736 "' ;:; · 163 Anonymous male l'l French side. 1745 siege A 1745 - :;o 164 Ma rguerite Madame De la Valliere. wite of 0 . A 1 738 ~ < 165 Joseph, infant of Marguerite Lou i sbou rg Miche l De la Valliere, 0. B 1 739 o· ~ 166 Angel iq ue, in font of Ma rguerite Lou isbou rg Madame De la Va ll iere B 1 743 Name a 11 d age of slave Or igill Name a 11 d occu pa r io 11 of owJ1er Date z 0 167 Jean Pierre Cupidon Dakar L ou is Delort, M. R 1749 < ~ I68 Charlotte Michel De la Valliere R 1749 en (") 169 Charles (18) Captain Dagel, Sc. B 1750 ~ 170 Adrien ( I), Panis unknown D 1750 E' :I: 17 1 Anonymous J ean Jacques Bruner, M. A 175 1 in' 0 172 Pierre Anonymous, Sc. D 1751 ..., ;:; · 1 73 Vi ncent V in ette, Free apprentice baker A 1752 !:. 174 Fran~oise Dominique Marie Cheron, widow A 1752 :,;; G 1 75 Toussaint Martiniq ue Milly Daccarette, M. p 1753 < o· 176 Philippe Charles Le Coutre p 17S3 :.: 1 77 Marie Anne Jean B. D'Escimanville, 0. B 1754 1 78 Ma ri e Clemence Antoine Rodrigue. M. B 1754 1 79 Marie M. Villejoint, wife of 0. B 1754 180 Ano nymous female (60) Marie Corasinan, midwi fe D 1754 18 1 Ano nymous ma le Mal ouin M. Desages, Sc A 1755 1 82 Ano n ym o us male Malouin M. Desages, Sc. A 1755 1 83 Rose Madame Rodrigue, w. of Pierre 8 1755 184 Jules Louis (12) Mr. de Ruis, Sc. B 1755 1 8.5 Louise (20) M. LaGroix D 1755 186 Le negre lives at Catalogne Lake A 1755 1 87 Anonymous fe male Pa r is, M. D 1756 1 88 Anonymous Jul ien Fisel, Innkeeper D 1756 189 Marie Jean Laborde, Ad. A 1756 190 Victor, infant of Marie Louisbourg Jean Laborde B 1756 191 Jean Thomas ( 1 1) Jean La Borde De 1758 V, '° Name a11d age of slave Origin Name and occ11potio11 of owner Dale °' 1 92 Jacques Martinique Pierre la Croix, Ad. p 17 57 0 19 3 Amable Lo ui s ( 12 ) Jean C. Loppinot, 0 . B 17 57 1 94 Angelique Madame Carrerot, widow De 1 759 195 Victoire(l3) Jean-Bap1 i s1e Morin, Ad. B 1754 I 96 Joseph dir Hector Jean -B .tplis te Morin, Ad Ma 1758 I 97 Anonymous Louisbourg drowned off Ponsmouth, N .H. D 1754 198 Anony mou s Louisbourg drowned off Portsmouth, N .H. D 1754 199 Anonymous Louisbourg drowned off Portsmouth, N. H. D 1754 200 A non ymous Lou isbourg drowned o ff Ponsmouth, N.H. D 1 754 20 1 Anne Ho niche Na non (28) Aftica Nicolas La rcher, Ad. De 1758 202 Anonymous female Louis Le Neuf la Valliere De 175 8 203 Cesar unknown w 1758 204 Thierssy un kn own w 1758 205 Appolon Ma rie unknown w 1758 206 Thousa in Mari e Lou ise unknown w 1758 207 Pri nce H ug hgine New England Nath a niel Mefervey, 0. D 1758 z 0 < 208 John Primos Portsmouth. N.H. Anonymous D 1758 I') 209 Anonymous New Hampshi re Natha nie l Meserve. 0. D 1758 C/) n g 210 Anonymous New Hampshire Nathaniel Meserve, 0 . D 1758 ;· 21 1 Cipio New England See Rev . John Cleaveland A 1 759 J: ;;;· 212 Jack New England James Gores A 1 759 § 213 Anonymous ma le Fran~ois So li gnac. M. A 1 759 -' · n I') 214 Anonymous male New England Captain Parker, 0. D 17 60 - ;:=:, 215 Rumford Boston Na1ha11ie l Pauen. Sc. A 1 760 ~ < 216 Cano Sh eaff New England Edward Sheaffe. 0. A 1760 o· ~ Nova Scotia Historical Review 16 1 Appendix [Contract of Sale for the Sla11e Cesard, JO November 1734/ Par devant claude Joseph Desmarest No" Royal a Louisbourg Isle Royale fut present sr charles LeRoy car nc de Navire Marchand de present en cette Ville lequel de plein gre et libre Volonte a par ces presentes cedde Remit et delaisse purement et simplement avec promesses de garentir de paisible possession au Sr Louis la chaume Marchand residant en cette Ville cy present et acceptant a Scavoir un Negre Nomme Cesard age d'environ douse a Treize ans appurtenant au d sr LeRoy qui l'a amene cette annee de s Isl es de l'amerique et Je luy remit au d sr Lachaume qui Sen est con1ante la Veu et Visite Et Ce pour et Moyennant la somme de Trois Cens Cinquante livres que le d. sr LeRoy a reconnu et confesse avoir cy devant receu du d sr Lachaume a sa Satisfaction dont II le lien! quitte et decharge le d sr Lachaume, luy Cedde lout droit de propriete du d. Negre pour en jouir et disposer ai n sy qu ii avisera comme de chose a luy appmt enanl conformement aux ordces du Roy Rendues ace Sujet ainsy fait et passe a louisbourg Isle Royale etude du Nore Sousigne apres Midy le Dix Novembre Mil Sept cens trente quatre en presence des srs Jean baptiste Durand et pierre Gosselin praticiens en cette Ville temoins requis qui ont Signes avec les parties apres lecture faille. 1 Contract de cession d' 1 111e Negresse du ]91! jui11 1736 Par devant claude Joseph Desmarest Notaire Royal a louisbourg Isle Royale fut present sr Jean Gouin residant de present en cet1e ville lequel a par ces pr esents volontairement cedde remit el delaisse a sr andres Carrerot con.er au conseil Superieur de cette Isle cy present et acceptant Pour luy Jes hoirs ou ayant causes. a scavoir Une jeune Negresse Nommee Rosalie agee d 'e nviron quatorze ans, qu'il a livree au d sr Carrerot qui reconnoit l'avoir receue et s'en contente en l 'etat que lle est, et Ce pour la somme de Cinq Cens Cinquante livres que le s r Gouin reconnoist avoir receu en compensation de compte arrete encr'eux ce jour d'huy, au Moyen de quoy ii a cedde au d sr Carrerot tout droi t de propriete de lad Negresse pour en disposer ainsy qu' II avisera conformement ace qui S'usite en pareil Cas Suivant l es ordonnances I France. Aix - cn - Pro v ence Archives Nati o nules, Sect io n J·outre-Mer IA.N .. Outre - McrJ. Ill N, wcmbcr 1 73 4: G-' 2039-1, pi ece 57. 162 Nova Scotia Historical Rev iew du Roy ainsy a ete fait et passe a Louisbourg Isle Royale etude du Nore sousigne avant Midy le Dix Neuf Juin Mil sep Cens trente Six en presence des sr.. Nicolas Pigeo t et Jean Morin re sida ns en cette Ville temoins Requis qui om S ign es avec les parties apres lecture faite. 2 2. A.N .. Qu ire Mer, 1 9 June 1736; G·'. 2039 -1. pict:,: 16\1