BAITHAK BY: DIVYANSH LAKSHKAR (FURNITURE DESIGN PROJECT) FOR LIVING AREA Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 D E C L A R A T I O N I, Divyansh Lakshkar, student of B. Des., Interior Design program, Sem-4 in Furniture design at Arch College of Design & Business, Jaipur hereby declares that this project report titled "BAITHAK for living area" submitted in partial fulfillment of furniture design project is the original work conducted by me. The information and data given in the report are authentic to the best of my knowledge and belief. Name of student- Divyansh Lakshkar Date- 20th Feb 2023 Place- Jaipur Signature Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 B O N O F I D E C E R T I F I C A T E This is to certify that furniture design project report titled "BAITHAK for living area" is a bonofied work carried out by Divyansh Lakshkar of B. Des, Interior Design program in Furniture Design (2021-2025) in partial fulfilment of a furniture design project. Name of student- Divyansh Lakshkar Date- 20th Feb 2023 Place- Jaipur Director (Archana Surana) Guide (Rajat Vashistha) Course Coordinator (Ronak Dhagra) Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 ABOUT ARCH COLLEGE Necessity is at the source of every creation, and ARCH College of Design & Business also started off with a deep necessity for a DESIGN based education. ARCH was set up in year 2000 under the aegis of the ARCH educational Society, to reform & transform the quality of education for design aspirants across the globe. Spread across 80,000 sq feet in the heart of the Pink City, Jaipur, ARCH is equipped with cutting-edge technology and online pedagogical infrastructure to offer students premium education and learning experiences. The industry-oriented emphasis on learning at ARCH provides students with the means to grow as sensitive, creative designers and practitioners of craft with clear goals to contribute towards Indian Culture and society through synergizing traditional knowledge and skills with contemporary methodologies. Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 Furniture is movable objects in a space that are used for sitting, function, and for decoration. Furniture makes a space more comfortable for those in it. Features ➢ Help us hold objects from ground ➢ Support Human Body to Relax ➢ Can be used for storage purpose ➢ Helps decorate a room ➢ Makes a room comfortable for living FIXED FURNITURE LOOSE FURNITURE • The fixed furniture is the furniture connected with the wall, such as doors, door covers, fixed cabinets. • The fixed furniture is constructed on - site. • Further, it may be classified as: ➢ Modular ➢ Traditional • Loose furniture refers to the movable furniture that is not fixed on the wall or the ground in the hotel; that is, the furniture in our traditional sense. • Loose furniture is constructed is factories. Types Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 Seating furniture helps humans to seat or relax on them. Such as: Chair, Sofa, Bench etc. Classification of Furniture • SEATING • STORAGE • SPACE/ TABLE Storage furniture are mainly used for store or hold objects. Such as: Armoire, Bookshelf, Shoe rack, Wardrobe etc. Surfaces furniture helps hold objects for us. Such as: Coffee Table, Tea Table, Table, Reading Table, Dining Table etc. Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 • Multifunctional furniture • Sustainable and green furniture • Smooth curves • Vintage looks • Ecofriendly & biophilic 3 Sustainability and eco - friendly design trends, and rattan furniture tops the list. It was also a popular choice in outdoor furniture trends of 2021. Rattan sofas are easy to maintain and add an earthy tone to your space. • More demand for furniture via e - commerce • Meeting environmental concerns • Smart furniture • Monochromatic colour pallet • Flexible design • Statement ceiling • Warm colours • Traditional Nouveau design Reds Are Making a Comeback Reds are making a comeback in color trends. This colour is so popular because it's bold, bright, and draws the eye to whatever you're using this color for - whether that be furniture or something else entirely. Rust Orange Brings That 70s Flair A couple of years ago if you told someone you wanted an orange couch they would look at you like you're insane. However, rust orange furniture has made a strong return, and for good reason. It breathes warmth and life into a room, something people are in desperate need of these days Grays Are Getting Replaced The ever - present gray furniture is moving out, and more neutral tones are moving in its place. Mushroom tones will explode in 2022. Its soft balance of browns, grays, and beiges pair great with furniture of all styles and colors. As mentioned above, paired with deep red colors such as burgundy or maroon will give off a welcoming, warm feel Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 I am designing an Indian Style Seating for the living area to provide a high comfortable zone to the user. I will be using Indian techniques like Wood turning, rope weaving, LAC cladding etc. in my furniture. Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 THE UNTOLD STORY of an INDIAN SEATING Elevated seating has long had its place in India. Contrary to the belief that seating was introduced in India only later in the medieval period, allusions to these forms can be drawn from as early as 200 BC from Buddhist relief sculptures. Astronomer Varahamihira’s text, Brihat Samhita (6th century CE) enumerates 14 species of wood for furniture - making , including sandalwood, teak, and blackwood . The ancient Shilpa Shastras list 64 techniques of arts and crafts and detail time for cutting and seasoning , suggesting the use of wood in India dates back to several centuries. Over the years, forms of seating diversified in manner, aesthetic and versatility Whether it was the twin - swing seats for idyllic recreation , elevated seats for learned men , low stools for all or thrones reserved for kings - India had developed a form of seating suitable for every occasion. Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 ASANAS - Elevated seats References to the earliest forms of seats are made in literature as early as the Rigvedic period (6th century BCE), sculptures and paintings at the Ajanta and Ellora Caves (2nd century BCE), and Buddhist relief sculptures (2nd century BCE). This large hemispherical Chaitya Griha (shrine hall) at the Ajanta caves features a seated Buddha at the center, on an elaborately carved elevated seat and a foot rest. Several other exquisite sculptures of seated figures are behind the pillars on the right. thrones Initially reserved for those in positions of authority like kings and learned persons, the common terms for the highest chair were rajasana (king's throne), or mayurasana (peacock throne) and simhasana (lion throne ). One of the earliest examples is the throne of Rao Setaram of Kannauj (12th century CE), which is structurally similar to an ordinary chair, has a high reclining back, arms and a footrest. Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 jhoolas - swings For centuries, swings have been an allegory of amatory, festivity and celebration, and their dynamic form evokes a sense of exuberance. While early literary references to swings can be seen in the Vedas, later visual depictions are seen in miniature paintings from the Mughal period as well as Deccan - style paintings from Bijapur. Even today, the regions of Mathura and Vrindavan in northern India celebrate the Jhulan (Swing) Festival - that extols the love between Radha and Krishna, with elaborate swings, song and dance. In their simplest forms, swings were constructed with a wooden board that was suspended from a tree. More elaborate versions for couples were made from silver or brass and decorated with trimmings, bolsters and gaddas (mattresses ).. Low stools were used by people of all social standings due to their ease of mobility. They were occasionally adorned with cushions or elaborate carvings. Puranic references to low stools can be found in sculptures of the Ikshyaku dynasty. Low stools bolsters Bolsters were used by both royalty and commoners. They were often seen in Mughal miniatures of the 16th century. Generally strewn across carpets and rugs, the bolsters’ bulbous forms could be used not only as elevated forms of seating but also as backrests and armrests. Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 charpai The charpai derives its name from the Hindi words ' char ' and ‘ pai ’ which literally translate into ‘four legs’. While the divan - a more affluent version of the charpai - became symbolic to royalty, during the Mughal period, the charpai gained popularity with the common man. The portable structure of the charpai made it a simple, economic staple in Indian households. Its versatility ranged from its use for sleeping or seating multiple people at spontaneous gatherings to being stacked away when not in use. chowkie A chowkie refers to a low square stool that was, at times, enhanced with a carved backrest. Although commonly found in prayer rooms in Indian homes, the chowkie could serve additional purposes, such as a footstool. patla The patla is a form of low seating that is generally present in various religious ceremonies and rituals in India. It is traditionally made out of wood and is rectangular in shape. The patla is lower than the chowkie - elevated just barely off of the floor. Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 kursi Etymologically, kursi (chair) has its origin in Arabic for ‘throne’, which finds its way to Turkish, Persian, Hindi and Urdu, with similar meaning. Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 Kashmiri wood carving The Kashmir region is one of the areas in India which is known for its intricate wood carving patterns and techniques . The wood used in the process is that of walnut . Kashmir being the only region where this variety grows. The deep carving technique involves patterns like dragons or lotus flower motifs , while the shallow option includes designs like open or lattice work depicting the Chinar motifs The last option is the semi - carving technique , which is a thick panel along the rim of a surface; this is used mainly because it allows the grain of the wood to be displayed along with the carver’s skill. Wax polishing over these patterns brings out the inherent sheen of the walnut wood. All of these techniques look the best in a traditional and ethnic setting . These carvings and patterns on dining room chairs and bedroom headboards help in providing definition and texture to a room Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 Jali design The term Jali is the Hindi translation of the word ‘net’ . Indian fabrics and furniture make exclusive use of this Jali or netted option in their designs. The furniture and doors & windows in this category can include patterns like geometric flowers teamed up with ornate leaves and creepers It is up whether you’d prefer to go for the intricate netted variety, or one that is less decorative and airier . The former variety is useful where there is a requirement for privacy - one of main reasons why this option is widely used in room screens and dividers. Shekhawati jodhpuri style There are various styles of furniture that comes under the Rajasthan option of Indian designs, and the Shekhawati Jodhpur style is probably one of the most prominent amongst them. The furniture under this category is known for its beautiful carvings done by the skilled craftsmen of Jodhpur region in India. It is made using different kinds of wood like rosewood, sheesham , mango and acacia Arabica . After all the carving and painting, varnish is used as a coating to ensure durability Since this style uses ethnic borders and motifs , it is most suited for living rooms with a traditional Indian setting . Some of the carvings are based on traditional Indian art , and they depict Hindu Gods, kings and queens - making furniture of this type an absolute feast for the eyes. Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 Wood turning technique Woodturning is the craft of using a wood lathe with hand - held tools to cut a shape that is symmetrical around the axis of rotation. Like the potter's wheel, the wood lathe is a simple mechanism that can generate a variety of forms. The operator is known as a turner , and the skills needed to use the tools were traditionally known as turnery Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025 Divyansh Lakshkar/ Design Project/ Arch College/ 2025