The Quarter-Wave Vertical: Small Footprint, Low Angle A vertical is half an antenna - the ground system is the other half. This guide covers radials, siting and the low-angle payoff. Quick facts Element quarter-wave Radials more = better Elevated option 2-4 tuned Takeoff angle low Noise open ears - site well Over a proper radial field, the vertical paints the horizon in every direction from a parking-space footprint. Skimp on the ground system and you heat the soil; honour it and the little mast out-reaches towers. Free tool and guides: MorseCodeWorks Morse Code Works - free Morse code tools and guides. Reference chart