Ordinary Jerusalem 1840–1940 Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access Open Jerusalem Edited by Vincent Lemire ( Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée University ) and Angelos Dalachanis ( French School at Athens ) VOLUME 1 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/opje Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access Ordinary Jerusalem 1840–1940 Opening New Archives, Revisiting a Global City Edited by Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire LEIDEN | BOSTON Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access The Open Jerusalem project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) (starting grant No 337895) Note for the cover image: Photograph of two women making Palestinian point lace seated outdoors on a balcony, with the Old City of Jerusalem in the background. American Colony School of Handicrafts, Jerusalem, Palestine, ca. 1930. G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection, Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/item/mamcol.054/ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Dalachanis, Angelos, editor. | Lemire, Vincent, 1973– editor. Title: Ordinary Jerusalem, 1840–1940 : opening new archives, revisiting a global city / edited by Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2018] | Series: Open Jerusalem ; Volume 1 | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2018019559 (print) | LCCN 2018019932 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004375741 (E-book) | ISBN 9789004375734 (hardback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Jerusalem—History—19th century. | Jerusalem—History—20th century. | Urban anthropology—Jerusalem. | Municipal government—Jerusalem. Classification: LCC DS109.925 (ebook) | LCC DS109.925 .O73 2018 (print) | DDC 956.94/42034—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018019559 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 2543-0211 isbn 978-90-04-37573-4 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-37574-1 (e-book) Copyright 2018 by the Authors. Published by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense and Hotei Publishing. Koninklijke Brill NV reserves the right to protect the publication against unauthorized use and to authorize dissemination by means of offprints, legitimate photocopies, microform editions, reprints, translations, and secondary information sources, such as abstracting and indexing services including databases. Requests for commercial re-use, use of parts of the publication, and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill NV. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the prevailing CC-BY-NC-ND License at the time of publication, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access Contents List of Figures and Tables ix Abbreviations xiii List of Contributors xv Note on Transliteration xxiv Introduction: Opening Ordinary Jerusalem 1 Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire part 1 Opening the Archives, Revealing the City Introduction 13 Gudrun Krämer 1 Placing Jerusalemites in the History of Jerusalem: The Ottoman Census ( sicil-i nüfūs ) as a Historical Source 15 Michelle U. Campos 2 Introducing Jerusalem: Visiting Cards, Advertisements and Urban Identities at the Turn of the 20th Century 29 Maria Chiara Rioli 3 The Ethiopian Orthodox Community in Jerusalem: New Archives and Perspectives on Daily Life and Social Networks, 1840–1940 50 Stéphane Ancel 4 Between Ottomanization and Local Networks: Appointment Registers as Archival Sources for Waqf Studies. The Case of Jerusalem’s Maghariba Neighborhood 75 Şerife Eroğlu Memiş 5 Foreign Affairs through Private Papers: Bishop Porfirii Uspenskii and His Jerusalem Archives, 1842–1860 100 Lora Gerd and Yann Potin Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access vi Contents 6 The Brotherhood, the City and the Land: Patriarchal Archives and Scales of Analysis of Greek Orthodox Jerusalem in the Late Ottoman and Mandate Periods 118 Angelos Dalachanis and Agamemnon Tselikas part 2 Imperial Allegiances and Local Authorities Introduction 139 Beshara Doumani 7 The State and the City, the State in the City: Another Look at Citadinité 143 Noémi Lévy-Aksu 8 Collective Petitions ( ʿarż-ı maḥżār ) as a Reflective Archival Source for Jerusalem’s Networks of Citadinité in the late 19th Century 161 Yasemin Avcı, Vincent Lemire, and Ömür Yazıcı Özdemir 9 Back into the Imperial Fold: The End of Egyptian Rule through the Court Records of Jerusalem, 1839–1840 186 Abla Muhtadi and Falestin Naïli 10 An Institution, Its People and Its Documents: The Russian Consulate in Jerusalem through the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Empire, 1858–1914 200 Irina Mironenko-Marenkova and Kirill Vakh 11 Diplomacy, Communal Politics, and Religious Property Management: The Case of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem in the Early Mandate Period 223 Konstantinos Papastathis 12 Comparing Ottoman Municipalities in Palestine: The Cases of Nablus, Haifa, and Nazareth, 1864–1914 240 Mahmoud Yazbak Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access vii Contents 13 Municipal Jerusalem in the Age of Urban Democracy: On the Difference between What Happened and What Is Said to Have Happened 262 Jens Hanssen part 3 Cultural Networks, Public Knowledge Introduction 283 Edhem Eldem 14 Reading the City, Writing the Self: Arabic and Hebrew Urban Texts in Jerusalem, 1840–1940 287 Yair Wallach 15 Arab–Zionist Conversations in Late Ottoman Jerusalem: Saʿid al-Husayni, Ruhi al-Khalidi and Eliezer Ben-Yehuda 305 Jonathan Marc Gribetz 16 Ben-Yehuda in his Ottoman Milieu: Jerusalem’s Public Sphere as Reflected in the Hebrew Newspaper Ha-Tsevi , 1884–1915 330 Hassan Ahmad Hassan and Abdul-Hameed al-Kayyali 17 Men at Work: The Tipografia di Terra Santa, 1847–1930 352 Leyla Dakhli 18 The St. James Armenian Printing House in Jerusalem: Scientific and Educational Activities, 1833–1933 366 Arman Khachatryan 19 The Wasif Jawharriyeh Collection: Illustrating Jerusalem during the First Half of the 20th Century 384 Issam Nassar Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access viii Contents part 4 Sharing the City: Contacts, Claims and Conflicts Introduction 401 Gadi Algazi 20 “The Preservation and Safeguarding of the Amenities of the Holy City without Favour or Prejudice to Race or Creed”: The Pro-Jerusalem Society and Ronald Storrs, 1917–1926 403 Roberto Mazza 21 Governing Jerusalem’s Children, Revealing Invisible Inhabitants: The American Colony Aid Association, 1920s–1950s 423 Julia R. Shatz 22 Epidemiology and the City: Communal vs. Intercommunal Health Policy-Making in Jerusalem from the Ottomans to the Mandate, 1908–1925 440 Philippe Bourmaud 23 Being on a List: Class and Gender in the Registries of Jewish Life in Jerusalem, 1840–1900 457 Yali Hashash 24 The Tramway Concession of Jerusalem, 1908–1914: Elite Citizenship, Urban Infrastructure, and the Abortive Modernization of a Late Ottoman City 475 Sotirios Dimitriadis 25 Waqf Endowments in the Old City of Jerusalem: Changing Status and Archival Sources 490 Salim Tamari 26 The Limitations of Citadinité in Late Ottoman Jerusalem 510 Louis Fishman Bibliography 531 Index of Persons 580 Index of Places 586 Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access List of Figures and Tables Figures 1.1 Ottoman census header, 1299 [1883–84] 18 1.2 Ottoman census header, 1321 [1905–6] 20 2.1 Cover of the catalogue “Carte di visita avvisi ec. 1880” 32 2.2 Visiting card of P. Léon Pourrière, OFM, ca. 1898 34 2.3 Visiting card of E. Bertoli, dentist, ca. 1894–95 35 2.4 Visiting card of Salim al-Husayni, ca. 1889–90 37 2.5 Bill of exchange of the Société du Chemin de Fer Ottoman de Jaffa à Jérusalem et prolongements, 1891 39 2.6 Visiting card of Albert Antébi, ca. 1898 44 2.7 Visiting card of midwife F. Lapidus, ca. 1892–93 47 2.8 Visiting card of Yassin al-Khalidi, ca. 1898 48 3.1 Letter of Emperor Yohannes IV to the sultan, dated Yäkkatit 24, 1874 (Ethiopian Calendar)/March 2, 1882 60 3.2 Ottoman report concerning the increasing number of Ethiopians in Jerusalem bearing Italian passports, 1893 61 3.3 Letter from Abd Mariam to Antonin Kapustin, archimandrite in the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem, December 6, 1875, Jerusalem 63 3.4 Receipt for the payment of wine, signed by Nicolai Schmidt, January 4, 1916 66 3.5 Receipt for payment for work done on Empress Taytu’s house, April 14, 1915 68 3.6 Receipt for the payment of tax (recto), Muharram 1314 (June 1896) 69 3.7 Receipt for the payment of tax (verso), Muharram 1314 (June 1896) 70 3.8 Short note signed by Pascal Seraphin, August 1, 1913 71 3.9 Receipt for payment for work done on Empress Taytu’s house, signed by Pascal Seraphin, November 20, 1902 72 3.10 Short letter from Seraphin’s wife, n.d 73 4.1 ʿAtīḳ (Old) record of the “Waqf of the Tombs of Abu Madyan al-Ghawth and ʿUmar al-Mujarrad” 80 4.2 Cedīd (New) record 80 6.1 Plan of site for YMCA building and soccer field in Jerusalem 128 6.2 Petition, received on June 17, 1910, with the mention of “Jerusalemite” after the petitioner’s signature 133 Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access x List of Figures and Tables 6.3 Testament dated December 20, 1923, in Arabic and Greek 135 8.1 Classification codes, 1839–1915 172 8.2 Original language of petitions, 1840–1915 (in percentages) 172 8.3 Addressee of collective petitions, 1840–76 174 8.4 Addressee of collective petitions, 1876–1908 174 8.5 Addressee of collective petitions, 1908–15 175 8.6 Date sequence of 200 collective petitions, 1839–1915 175 8.7 Form of collective petitions, 1839–1915 177 8.8 Collective petition signed by 55 people and submitted to the Grand Vezierate to thank the government for taking precautions to prevent cholera from spreading in the province of Jerusalem, 1865 178 8.9 Collective petition signed by 30 people and submitted to the Grand Vizierate to complain about the process of nominating the Greek Patriarch of Jerusalem, 1897 179 8.10 Subject matter of collective petitions, 1840–76 180 8.11 Collective petition signed by 419 people from the Syriac community and submitted to the Ministry of Justice to complain about Armenian infringement on their rights in the holy sites of Jerusalem, 1893 183 12.1 Municipal Archives of Nablus, expenditures document, first collection, vol. 1, 106 243 12.2 Municipal Archives of Nablus, document of printed headers, first collection, vol. 3, 3 244 12.3 Municipal Archives of Nablus, first collection, vol. 1, 3 245 14.1 Khalil Sakakini 292 14.2 Dedication inscription of the Mishkenot Sha’ananim alms houses outside Jaffa Gate, built in 1860 299 14.3 Dedication inscription of the Jewish religious seminary (yeshiva) in the Bukharan Quarter, built in 1927 302 17.1 Lithography and printing press of St. Saviour’s Convent, Jerusalem 355 18.1 Cover of the SJAPH’s first publication, Tetrak Aghót‘amatoyts‘ vasn Jermer‘and Aghót‘asirats‘, Vork‘ ka‘m Andzamb ew ka‘m Mtók‘ Nerkayanan i S. Tnórinakan Teghisn K‘ristosi Astutsoy Meróy [A booklet for those who pray fervently and visit the places of the Christ either physically or mentally], 1833 375 18.2 First page of the January 1870 issue of the SJAPH journal Sion , with the image of St. James Armenian Cathedral 381 18.3 Page from Zhamagirk‘ Hayastaneats‘ S. Ekeghets‘wots‘ [Prayer book of the Holy Armenian Church], published by the SJAPH in 1881 383 19.1 The page in the notebook where Wasif Jawharriyeh announces the inclusion of the photographs of the sultan 389 Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access xi List of Figures and Tables 19.2 Ra ʾuf Pasha, the mutessarif of Jerusalem, as he appeared in the first album 391 19.3 Ottoman troops in Palestine 392 19.4 The mayor’s entourage upon the surrender of Jerusalem, December 1917 394 19.5 The procession of the patriarch leaving the Church of the Holy Sepulchre 395 19.6 Page from the album showing the destruction of Jewish homes in Hebron and Jerusalem in 1929 397 19.7 Visit of Ali al-Kassar to Jerusalem 398 20.1 Newer Jerusalem and suburbs. St. Paul’s Hospice, a government office near Damascus Gate 412 20.2 The emblem of the Pro-Jerusalem Society, as depicted on the cover of Charles Robert Ashbee, Jerusalem, 1920–1922 416 23.1 A page from the Sephardic Kolel account book, 1851–80, income, Adar 5613 (January–February 1853) 466 24.1 Tramway project for the suburbs of Jerusalem: outline of the network 478 24.2 Plan of the tramline to be constructed in the city of Jaffa 478 Tables 4.1 List of the waqfiyyāt of Maghariba neighborhood 96 11.1 Land sold to the PLDC 233 12.1 Inventory of the daftars of the budget: Income and expenditure of the Municipality of Nablus (first and second collections) 246 12.2 Draft daftars ( shatib ) of expenditure of Nablus municipality (third collection) 248 12.3 Daftars of minutes, decisions, and correspondence ( Madabit, Qararāt and Murāsalat ) (fourth and fifth collections) 249 12.4 Daftars (sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth collections) 250 16.1 Hebrew newspapers in Jerusalem, 1863–1914 334 23.1 Average clinic visits to the English Mission Hospital, 1862–80, by gender 468 23.2 Hospitalization at the Rothschild Hospital, 1870–76, by gender 469 25.1 Distribution of plots and percentage: total area and percentage, according to kind of property, 1967 499 25.2 Distribution of private and endowed properties in the expanded Jewish Quarter, 2013 503 Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access xii List of Figures and Tables 25.3 Ratio of Jewish and Arab properties in the expanded Jewish Quarter, 1968 504 25.4 All categories of property in Jerusalem’s Old City, including waqf categories, mid-twentieth century 507 Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access Abbreviations AAPJ Archive of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem (Yerusaghémi Hayots‘ Patriark‘ut‘yan Arkhiv) ACA American Colony Archive ACAA American Colony Aid Association ACPF Archives of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (Archivio della Congregazione di Propaganda Fide) ACRI Association for Civil Rights in Israel AEPI Archive of the Greek (Rum) Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem (Archeio Ellinorthodoxou Patriarcheiou Ierosolymon) AIU Alliance Israélite Universelle AJDC American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee ALT Armenian-lettered Turkish ASCTS Historical Archives of the Custody of the Holy Land (Archivio storico della Custodia di Terra Santa) ASD Italian Ministry of Foreign Office archives (Archivio storico degli Affari Esteri) ASS Arab Studies Society AYE Historical and Diplomatic Archive of the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Istoriko kai diplomatiko archeio tou Ypourgeiou ton Exoterikon) AVPRI Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, Moscow (Arkhiv Vneshnei politiki Rossiiskoi Imperii) AZMU American Zionist Medical Unit BOA Ottoman State Archives (Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi) CADN Nantes Diplomatic Archives Centre (Centre d’archives diplomatiques à Nantes) CJH Center for Jewish History CO Colonial Office CUP Committee for Union and Progress CZA Central Zionist Archives DoH Department of Health EARJ Ethiopian Archbishop Residence in Jerusalem EGM Directorate of General Security, Ankara (Emniyet Genel Mudurluğu) EIE Greek National Foundation for Research (Ethniko Idryma Erevnon) EMH English Mission Hospital, Jerusalem ERC European Research Council FO Foreign Office FPP Franciscan Printing Press Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access xiv Abbreviations JMA Jerusalem Municipal Archives HJP Historical Jewish Press HMO Hadassah Medical Organization JNF Jewish National Fund IHB International Health Board IJMES International Journal of Middle East Studies ISA Israel State Archives LE Egyptian pound LJS London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews (or London Jewish Society) MAE Diplomatic Archive Center of the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, located in La Courneuve (Archives diplomatiques du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, La Courneuve) MAN Municipal Archives of Nablus MESA Middle East Studies Association NLI National Library of Israel OJP Open Jerusalem project IPA Historical and Paleographic Archive of the National Bank of Greece Cultural Foundation (Istoriko kai Paleografiko Archeio tou Morfotikou Idrymatos tis Ethnikis Trapezas tis Ellados) PLDC Palestinian Land Development Company RAC Rockefeller Archives Center, Tarrytown, New York REM Russian Ecclesiastical Mission RF Rockefeller Foundation Records RG Record Group RGADA Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Drevnykh Aktov) RGIA Russian State Historical Archives, St. Petersburg (Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennii Istoricheskii Archiv) ROPIT Russian Steam Navigation and Trading Company [Russkoe Obshhestvo Parohodstva I Torgovli] SJAPH St. James Armenian Printing House SPbFARAN St. Petersburg Department of the Archive of the Academy of Sciences (Sankt-Peterburgskii Filial Archiva Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk) SPC Syrian Protestant College TNA The National Archives of the UK UNRWA United Nations Refugee Works Agency VGMA Archive of the General Directorate of Foundations (Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Arşivi) Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access List of Contributors Gadi Algazi is Professor of Medieval History at Tel Aviv University and an asso- ciate fellow at the Work and Human Life Cycle in Global History international research center at the Humboldt University Berlin. His research areas include late medieval and early modern social and cultural history, with an emphasis on historical anthropology and gender history; he is particularly interested in the history and theory of the social sciences, settler colonialism and frontier societies. Stéphane Ancel is a historian specializing in Ethiopia and religious move- ments in the Horn of Africa during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He is a full-time researcher in the French Center for National Research (CNRS) in Paris (CéSor-EHESS) and a member of the core team of the Open Jerusalem project. He is coauthor, with Vincent Lemire and Magdalena Krzyzanowska, of Le Moine sur le Toit: une histoire des chrétiens éthiopiens à Jérusalem (forthcom- ing, 2018) regarding the Ethiopian Christian community in Jerusalem at the beginning of the twentieth century. Yasemin Avcı joined the History Department of Pamukkale University in 2004, where she is professor of Ottoman history. She is a member of the core team of the Open Jerusalem project. Her research focuses on the urban and social history of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century. In 1996–97 she was a visiting PhD student at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and in 2005 spent a year at SOAS as a visiting scholar. She is the author of Değişim Sürecinde Bir Osmanlı Kenti: Kudüs 1890–1914 [An Ottoman town in transition: Jerusalem, 1890–1914] (2004) and Osmanlı Hükümet Konakları: Tanzimat Döneminde Kent Mekanında Devletin Erki ve Temsili [Ottoman governmental houses: represen- tation of state power in Ottoman cities in the Tanzimat era] (2017). Philippe Bourmaud is Assistant Professor of Modern and Contemporary History at Lyon 3 University and an associate researcher at the French Institute of Anatolian Studies (IFEA) in Istanbul. After an extensive stay in Nablus and Ramallah for his research on late Ottoman medicine in Palestine, he is cur- rently working on the issues of tuberculosis and alcoholism in the Levant. Michelle U. Campos is Associate Professor of Middle Eastern History at the University of Florida. She received her PhD in history from Stanford University in 2003. Her first book, Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access xvi List of Contributors Early Twentieth Century Palestine (2011), was the recipient of the 2010 Yonatan Shapiro Award for Best Book in Israel Studies, awarded by the Association for Israel Studies, as well as the 2011 National Jewish Book Award in Sephardic Culture. She is currently writing a spatial history of intercommunal relations in Jerusalem in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Leyla Dakhli is a full-time researcher in the French Center for National Research (CNRS-Marc Bloch Center, Berlin) and member of the core team of the Open Jerusalem project. Her work focuses particularly on the study of Arab intellectuals, the social and cultural history of southern Mediterranean region with a special focus on women, the social uses of languages, social movements and popular politics. She has published Une génération d’intellectuels arabes: Syrie et Liban (1908–1940) (2009) and Histoire du Proche-Orient contemporaine (2015) and edited the collective volume Le Moyen-Orient fin XIX–XX siècle (2016). She now leads the European Research Council-funded project “Drafting and Enacting the Revolutions in the Arab Mediterranean: In Search of Dignity, from the 1950s until today” or DREAM (ERC consolidator grant, 2018–23). Angelos Dalachanis is a research fellow of the French School at Athens. He is member of the Open Jerusalem project core team and coeditor (with Vincent Lemire) of the Open Jerusalem series at Brill. He holds a PhD in history from the European University Institute, Florence. He was a postdoctoral research fellow at the LabexMed at Aix-Marseille University (2012–14), and at the Seeger Center for Hellenic Studies at Princeton University (2014–15). He has taught at Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée University. His research interests include the Greek diaspora, migration, labor, and intercultural contacts in the eastern Mediterranean in the modern period. He is the author of The Greek Exodus from Egypt: Diaspora Politics and Emigration, 1937–1962 (2017). Sotirios Dimitriadis is a historian of the late Ottoman Empire, with a special interest in urban and social history. He holds a PhD from the Department of History of SOAS (University of London) and is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Macedonia in Thessaloniki. Beshara Doumani is Professor of History and Director of Middle East Studies at Brown University. His research focuses on groups, places, and time peri- ods marginalized by mainstream scholarship on the early modern and mod- ern Middle East. His books include Family Life in the Ottoman Mediterranean: A Social History (2017) and Rediscovering Palestine: Merchants and Peasants in Jabal Nablus, 1700–1900 (1995). He has edited Academic Freedom After Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access xvii List of Contributors September 11 (2006) and Family History in the Middle East: Household, Property and Gender (2003). He is also the editor of a book series, New Directions in Palestinian Studies, with the University of California Press. Edhem Eldem is Professor of History at the Department of History of Boğaziçi University and holds the International Chair of Turkish and Ottoman History at the Collège de France. He has also taught at Berkeley, Harvard, Columbia, EHESS, EPHE, ENS, and was a fellow at the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin. He has worked and published extensively on Levant trade, funerary epigraphy, Istanbul, the Imperial Ottoman Bank, the history of Ottoman archaeology and collections, Ottoman first-person narratives and photography in the Ottoman Empire. Şerife Eroğlu Memiş is a historian and expert on foundations in the Archive of the General Directorate of Foundations in Ankara, Turkey. She graduated from the Department of History of the Middle East Technical University and pursued her studies with a masters on minorities in the Ottoman Empire at the Middle East Studies program of the same university. She received a PhD from Hacettepe University (2016) for a thesis entitled “Ottoman Provincial Society and the Waqf: Jerusalem, 1703–1831,” in which she examined the role of Jerusalem’s waqf network on urban space, social relations, and relations with the central government during the period under scrutiny. She is continuing her research on urban history, the Ottoman waqf system and political culture. Louis Fishman is Assistant Professor at Brooklyn College, City University of New York. His work focuses on late Ottoman history, in addition to modern Turkish, Palestinian, and Israeli history. He currently is on the last stages of his book, with the tentative title Claiming the Homeland: Jews and Arabs in late Ottoman Palestine (1908–1914) Lora Gerd is Lecturer at St. Petersburg State University and researcher at the Russian Academy of Science (St. Petersburg Institute of History). She is the author of numerous books and articles on Greek–Russian relations (church policy and cultural relations) and on Greek manuscripts. She has edited sev- eral primary archival sources including the correspondence of George Begleri (1878–98) and the journals of Antonin Kapustin, 1850–60. She collaborates with the Open Jerusalem project for Russian-language archives and she is also working on projects on the history of Mt. Athos, the Patriarchate of Alexandria and the history of Byzantine studies in Russia and the Greek world. Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access xviii List of Contributors Jonathan Marc Gribetz is Assistant Professor of Near Eastern Studies and Judaic Studies at Princeton University. He is the author of Defining Neighbors: Religion, Race, and the Early Zionist–Arab Encounter (2014). He is currently writing a book on the Palestine Liberation Organization’s Research Center in Beirut, for which he received a Fulbright Scholarship and a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Jens Hanssen is Associate Professor of Arab Civilization, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean history at the University of Toronto, where he teaches Arab in- tellectual history; the late Ottoman Empire; settler colonialism in Palestine; counter-insurgency and decolonization in the Middle East; and urban colo- nialism in the modern Mediterranean. His book publications include Arab Provincial Capitals in the Late Ottoman Empire (2002), Zokak al-Blat: History, Space and Social Conflict in Beirut (2005), Fin de Siècle Beirut (2005), The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Middle Eastern and North African History (with Amal Ghazal); Arabic Thought Beyond the Liberal Age and Arabic Thought Against the Authoritarian Age (both with Max Weiss). Yali Hashash heads the Gender Studies department in Beit Berl College. She holds a PhD in Jewish History (Haifa University, 2011) and was a postdoc- toral fellow of Tel Aviv University (2011) and of the Taub Center for Israeli Studies, New York University (2012). She is a founding member of the Women Historians Forum of the Isha L’isha Feminist Research Center, and coheads the Oral History Laboratory of Tel Aviv University. Her research interests include the social history of the nineteenth- and twentieth-century Palestine and the Middle East, poverty, gender, nationalism, ethnicity and reproduction. Her work has appeared in several peer-reviewed journals and she is currently working on a book on Mizrahi feminism. Hassan Ahmad Hassan is a historian and linguist at the Faculty of Foreign Languages of the University of Jordan. He holds a master’s degree in Jewish studies from the University of Jordan. His research focuses on the Hebrew press in late Ottoman and Mandatory Palestine. Abdul-Hameed al-Kayyali is a historian and member of the core team of the Open Jerusalem project. He is an associated researcher at the Institut français du Proche-Orient (Ifpo) in the Department of Medieval and Modern Arabic Studies (DEAM). He holds a PhD from the University of Aix-Marseille in the “Studies of Arab and Muslim World”. His research focuses on the cultural and religious contacts of Arab Jews in general and Jerusalemite Jews in particular during late Ottoman and Mandatory Palestine. Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access xix List of Contributors Arman Khachatryan is a PhD candidate in interdisciplinary studies at Ben- Gurion University of the Negev, Israel. He holds a BA and an MA in cultural studies from Yerevan State University and a master’s degree in Israel studies from Ben-Gurion University. Since 2014, he has been a collaborating researcher with the Open Jerusalem project. He is currently working on his dissertation, which focuses on the activities of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem from 1909 to 1949. His research interests include Israel studies, Armenian studies, nationalism, and ethnic and religious studies. Gudrun Krämer is Professor of Islamic Studies and Director of the Berlin Graduate School Muslim Cultures and Societies at Freie Universität Berlin; a member of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and the Tunisian Academy of Sciences (Bayt al-Hikma), and an executive editor of The Encyclopaedia of Islam Three . She has been a visiting scholar in Beijing, Beirut, Bologna, Cairo, Erfurt, Jakarta, and Paris and has published widely on Middle Eastern history, Islamic movements, and Islamic political thought. Vincent Lemire is Associate Professor at Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée University and director of the ERC project “Opening Jerusalem’s archives: for a connect- ed history of ‘Citadinité’ in the Holy City (1840–1940)” (ERC starting grant, 2014–19). He holds a PhD from the University of Provence and his work focuses mainly on Jerusalem and the modern Middle East, environmental history and the history of cultural heritage. He is the author of La soif de Jérusalem: essai d’hydrohistoire 1840–1948 ) (2010), Jérusalem 1900: la ville-sainte à l’âge des possi- bles (2012) and edited the volumes Jérusalem: Histoire d’une ville-monde (2016) and Le Moyen-Orient de 1876 à 1980 (2016). Noémi Lévy-Aksu is a British Academy Newton International Fellow at the School of Law of Birkbeck College, University of London. After completing a PhD in Ottoman history at the EHESS-Paris in 2010, she worked as an assis- tant professor in the Department of History of Boğaziçi University until 2017. Besides her book Ordre et désordres dans l’Istanbul ottomane (2013), she has published several articles and book chapters on late Ottoman urban, political and legal history. Roberto Mazza is Lecturer at the University of Limerick and research associate at SOAS. He is the author of Jerusalem from the Ottomans to the British (2009) and editor (with Eduardo Manzano Moreno) of Jerusalem in World War I: The Palestine Diary of a European Consul (2011). He is a member of the editorial board of Jerusalem Quarterly and a contributor to the same publication. He has published several articles discussing World War I in Jerusalem and in Palestine, Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access xx List of Contributors including a recent chapter on the evacuation of Jaffa in 1917. He is currently working on a large project discussing the urban planning of Jerusalem from 1918 to 1926. Irina Mironenko-Marenkova is a historian, teacher and translator. She studied in Moscow (Russian State University for the Humanities) and in Paris (EHESS). Her research interests concern the history of religious beliefs and the diplo- matic relationship between France and Russia. She has translated numerous works in the humanities from French to Russian. Abla Muhtadi is an award-winning independent researcher and author with a focus on Jerusalem. She worked as a researcher at the Centre for Documents, Manuscripts and Bilad al-Sham Studies of the University of Jordan from 2005 to 2016 and is the author of five books in Arabic, including Al Quds, tarikh wa hadara [Jerusalem, history and civilization] (2000), Al-Quds wa-l hukm al-ʿaskari al-britani, 1917–1920 [Jerusalem and British military rule, 1917– 1920] (2003) and Awqaf al-Quds fi zaman al-Intidab al-britani [Endowments in Jerusalem at the time of the British Mandate] (2005). Falestin Naïli is a social historian and researcher at the Institut Français du Proche-Orient (Ifpo) in Amman. She is a member of the core team of the Open Jerusalem project. Her publications deal with urban governance in the Ottoman and Mandate period, millenarist settlement and missionary projects in Palestine, forced migration in the contemporary Middle East, early eth- nographies of Palestine, and collective memory and heritage issues in these contexts. Issam Nassar is Professor of History at Illinois State University and coeditor of Jerusalem Quarterly . He is author of a number of books on photography and Jerusalem, including Laqatat Mughayira: Al-Taswir Al-Mahalli Al-Mubakkir Fi Filastin, 1850–1948 [Alternative shots: early local photography in Palestine, 1850–1958] (2006). He has edited a number of books, including, with Salim Tamari, The Storyteller of Jerusalem: The Life and Times of Wasif Jawhariyyeh, 1904–1948 (2013). Ömür Yazıcı Özdemir graduated from the History Department of Ege University in 2012. She received an MA from the History Department of Celal Bayar University in 2015. Her master’s thesis was published as Aydın Vilayeti’nde Suç ve Ceza (1866–1877) [Crime and punishment in Aydın province] Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access