March 29 - 30, 2019 Celebrating 32 years! STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR Rov CooPER GOVERNOR March 30, 2019 Dr. Pamela Gilchrist, Chair North Carolina Science and Engineering Fair Box 7576 Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 Dear Friends: It is my pleasure to offer a warm greeting to everyone attending the 32 nd Annual North Carolina Science and Engineering Fair, hosted by North Carolina State University. Sponsored by the North Carolina Science Fair Foundation, this event provides an outstanding opportunity for elementary, middle, and high school students to showcase their work in science and technology. By promoting an understanding and appreciation of science and STEM research, science fairs play a vital role in informing, educating, and inspiring students to think innovatively to address the problems of our world. I commend this year's North Carolina Science and Engineering Fair participants for your hard work and dedication to your fields of study. You have my best wishes for continued success in all that you do. With kind regards, I am RAC/smc Very truly yours, � Roy Cooper 20301 MAIL SERVICE CENTER• RALEIGH, NC 27699-0301 • TELEPHONE: 919-814-2000 WWW .GOVERNOR .NC.GOV 2019 North C arolina Science and Engineering Fair 2 Welcome to the 32 nd Annual NC Science and Engineering Fair!! Dear Students, Families, and Teachers, The North Carolina Science Fair Foundation (NCSFF) is proud to host the 32 nd annual NC Science and Engineering Fair (NCSE F) at North Carolina State University. Participating in the NCSEF allows students the opportunity to conduct scientific research , solve engineering challenges , and discover the excitement of utilizing the same practices of scientists and engineers. These elite student researchers are ready to showcase the results of their hard work. Their contributions in solving the challenges that face our future is limited only by their imagination and determination. Be s ure to take advantage of all the resources av ailable to you today. Complete your passports by visiting the exhibitor booths for a chance to win prizes. Talk with the many volunteers and representatives supporting the fair, as you can learn a lot from peopl e passionate about STEM research, problem sol ving, and education. Attend the public viewing of student exhibits. You never know what might spark ideas for future research! Please share your experiences on Facebook - “ NC Science and Engineering Fair ” and Twitter @NCScienceFair, #NCSEF19 We appreci ate and honor the dedication of our teachers, parents and mentors who have supported and encouraged all students. Without your support, these students wouldn’t be participating here today. NCSEF is proud to cont inue supporting teachers interested in refini ng their expertise or interested in learning how best to support science and engineering research in their classroom though sponsoring summer teacher workshops described in this program. Recognizing and promoti ng student research would not be possible wit hout the support from our generous sponsors. In particular, we wish to thank our presenting sponsor, Biogen Foundation. Please see the back of the program for a listing of all contributors and be sure to thank them for their support. Please contact Dr. L eah Bug at execdirector@ncsciencefair.org if you have questions or would like to provide support for the important work of promoting STEM education. Our deepest gratitude and thanks also to over 200 judges , 15 0 volunteers, planning committee, and members of our SRC (Safety Review Committee) for their volunteer service. Without their generous donation of time and dedication to the students, our fair would not be possible. Regardless of whether you take home an award, you are one of the top sc ience or en gineering students in our state and you are to be congratulated! We hope you will enter again next year, so be sure to reserve March 27 - 28, 2020 for the 33 nd Annual NC Science and Engineering Fair! Sincerely, Judy B. Day, M. Ed. Director, NC Science and E ngineering Fair Leah Bug, Ph. D. Executive Director, NC Science Fair Foundation 2019 North C arolina Science and Engineering Fair 3 Table of Contents Fair Schedule 4 Dining Information, T - Shirts, & Lost and Found 6 Sponsors of the Fair 7 NCSEF Rules and Regulations 8 Display an d Safety Regulations 9 Use ful Web Links for Science & Engineering Fairs 11 NCSEF Categories 12 Elementary Research Projects 13 Junior Biological A Research Projects 17 Junior Biological B Research Projects 18 Junior Chemistry Research Projects 19 Junior Ea rth/Environmental Projects 20 Junior Engineering Projects 22 Junior Physics Projects 23 Junior Technology Projects 24 Senior Biological A Research Projects 25 Senior Biological B Research Projects 26 Senior Chemistry Research Projects 27 Senior Earth/Environmental Projects 28 Senio r Engineering Projects 29 Senior Physics and Mathematics Projects 30 Senior Technology Projects 31 Judging Criteria 32 NCSEF Awards 35 Special Awards 36 ISEF and Broadcom MASTERS Nominations 3 8 NCSEF Coordinating Team 39 NCSEF and Safety Review Committee ( SRC) 4 0 NCSEF Regional Directors 4 1 NC Science Fair Foundation and Board 4 2 Past High School Grand Award Winners 44 Maps for Talley Student Union and surrounding area 48 NCSEF Workshops 51 2019 North C arolina Science and Engineering Fair 4 2019 North Carolina Science and Engineering Fair Schedule Friday, March 29, 2019 3:30 – 7:30 pm Check - In and Set - Up Project check in at the Talley Student Union (TSU) Lobby (2 nd Floor) Elementary Set - up in the Coastal Ballroom, TSU (3 rd Floor) Junior and Senior Set - up in the Mountain/Piedmont Ballroom, TSU (3 rd Floor ) 1. Unload project at the back of TSU off Dunn Avenue, then park vehicle in the designated parking areas. Note: most areas will require a parking permit or payment on Friday afternoon but not Saturday. 2. Check - in at the desk located in the TSU Lobby (2 nd Floor ) 3. Verify location and set up your project. 4. The Display and Safety Committee must approve your project before you leave your project. Display the approved green D&S check - off sheet. 3:30 – 7:30 pm Pick up pre - purchased t - shirts. Purchase t - shirts ($10 eac h) and/or lunch tickets ($12 each) Saturday, March 30, 2019 7:30 – 9:00 am Project Check - In and Set Up - See previous directions. (This time is reserved for students who were unable to check - in on Friday). All projects have to be checked and approved by 9:15 am. 7:30 – 10:30 am Purchase lunch tickets as long as available ($12) 7:30 am – 4:00 pm Purchase t - shirts ($10) 8:00 – 8:30 am 8:30 – 9:15 am Judges Check - in, Meeting, and Orientation - Elementary Judges, Junior Judges, Senior Judges 8:30 – 9: 00 am Exhibitor Set Up 9:00 am – 12:30 pm Science and Engineering Booths, TSU 3 rd Floor - (Complete the passport and win a prize!) 9:15 – 10:30 am Elementary Judges Review Projects (without students ) - TSU Coastal Ballroom 9:15 – 11:00 am Junior & Seni or Judges Review Projects (without students) - TSU Mountain/Piedmont Ballroom (2 nd Floor) 9:15 – 9:45 am Welcome in Carmichael Gymnasium (Courts 9 - 11) ELEMENTARY 10:00 – 10: 30am Welcome in Carmichael Gymnasium (Courts 9 - 11) JUNIORS & SENIORS 2019 North C arolina Science and Engineering Fair 5 10:30 am – 12:00 pm Elementary Students at projects in Coastal Ballroom for Judges’ Interviews . Students should bring reading or quiet activity to occupy their time. ONLY students, Fair Personnel, and Judges will be allowed in the rooms and adjacent halls during j udging. Students must stay in the rooms with the room monitors until the end of the judging period. Parents, teachers, and others may visit booths, visit campus or Raleigh , or wait in the TSU common areas. At the end of judging, parents/guardians should p ick up their students at their project room. 10:30 am – 12:00 pm Junior and Senior Students are free for lunch and to visit booths – Students and others who have pre - purchased lunch tickets can go to the One Earth Restaurant in Talley Student Union (TSU) for the lunch buffet. Other venues may be open in TSU for food purchase. Other choices can b e found on Hillsborough Street and Western Boulevard but are not in walking distance. 10:45 am – 12:15 pm Junior and Senior Judges – Lunch available in judges’ rooms 11:30 am – 1:30 pm Elementary Judges - Lunch available in judges’ room 12:00 – 1:00 pm Elementary Students are free for lunch and to visit booths – Students and others who have pre - purchased lunch tickets can go to the One Earth Restaurant in Talle y Student Union (TSU) for the lunch buffet. Other venues may be open in TSU for food purchase. Other choices can be found on Hillsborough Street and Western Boulevard but are not in walking distance. 12:00 – 2:00 pm Junior and Senior Students at proje cts in Mountain/Piedmont Ballroom for Judge s’ Interviews. Students should bring reading or quiet activity to occupy their time. ONLY students, Fair Personnel, and Judges will be allowed in the rooms and adjacent halls during judging. Students must stay in the rooms with the room monitors until the end of the judging period. Parents, teachers, and others may visit booths, visit campus or Raleigh, or wait in the TSU common areas. 1:00 – 3:30 pm Elementary Projects Open to the Public - Students should stay in the project rooms to present their research until 2:00 pm. A volunteer will be in the room until 3:30 pm allowing students to attend the award ceremony. Please divide time between standing at the project and visiting other proj ects. Projects must rema in up for public viewing and may not be dismantled until 3:30 pm. All projects must be removed no later than 5:00 pm. 2:00 – 3:30 pm Junior and Senior Projects Open to the Public - Students should stay in the project rooms to pre sent their research unti l 3:00 pm. Volunteers will be in the room until 3:30 pm allowing students to attend the award ceremony. Students should divide their time between standing at their project and visiting other projects. Projects must remain up for pu blic viewing and may not be dismantled until 3:30 pm. All projects must be removed no later than 5:00 pm. 2:30 – 3:15 pm Elementary Awards Ceremony in Carmichael Gymnasium (Courts 9 - 11) 3:30 – 4:15 pm Junior Awards Ceremony in Carmichael Gymnasium (Courts 9 - 11) 3:30 – 5:00 p m Students Dismantle Displays – If displays are not dismantled by 5:00 pm, they will be removed by the Fair 4:30 – 5:30 pm Senior Awards Ceremony in Carmichael Gymnasium (Courts 9 - 11) 2019 North C arolina Science and Engineering Fair 6 Additional Information: ● Finalists Must Attend the Award Ceremony to Receive Their Awards! The only awards that will be shipped are for team projects when an additional trophy is needed. ● Students may begin setting up as early as 3:30 pm on Friday at TSU. All projects MUST be in place and approved by the Display and Safet y Committee by 9:15 am Saturday for judging. Please allow time for the project to be inspected and approved. ● Follow signs for locations to unload projects and parking. Please park only in the designated area. The Fair is not responsible for parking ticke ts given to those parki ng in undesignated areas. On Saturday, DO NOT park in the pay area of the parking deck. The rest of the deck is free on Saturday. ● Closed judging will begin at 9:15 am - students, parents , and teachers MUST leave the TSU Ballroom. ● S tudents may tour NC Sta te University or visit Raleigh, but they must be back in time for Student Interviews as scheduled on Saturday. ● Students will stay with their projects during judge interviews. Students should bring reading or quiet activity to occup y their time. ONLY stud ents, Fair Personnel, and Judges will be allowed in the rooms and adjacent halls during judging. Students must stay in the rooms with the room monitors until the end of the judging period. Dining at NC State University Tickets for a lunch buffet for $12 each have been pre - sold and may be available at the Check - In Desk on Friday and Saturday of the Fair. The Buffet will be held in the One Earth Restaurant area on the 2 nd Floor of Talley Student Union. Several food vendors may be open at Talley Student Union in the Food Court area. In addition, there is a Starbucks on the 1 st Floor of TSU and another coffee shop on the 2 nd Floor. 2019 NC Science and Engineering Fair T - Shirts 2019 NC Science & Engineering Fair t - shirts were availabl e for pre - sale for $8.00 each and are $10 at the Fair. Participants that pre - ordered and paid for t - shirts will have vouchers in their Check - In packets to use to pick up their shirts. Lost and Found During the Fair Lost and found will be at the Check - In Desk in the 2 nd Fl oor of Talley Student Union. Each year several items are found during and after the Fair. At the end of the Fair on Saturday, all items found will be given to the Talley Student Union Lost and Found. Special Thanks to NC State Universit y The NC Science a nd Engineering Fair extends a special thanks to NC State University and its faculty, staff, and students! Special thanks for those listed below for their dedication to the Fair and for their hard work this year. Randy Woodson, Chancell or Warwick A. Arden, Provost Dr. Michael Mullen, Vice Chancellor and Dean Division of Academic and Student Affairs Dr. Bret Smith, Senior Associate Dean Division of Academic and Student Affairs Dr. Chris Ashwell, Director, Office of Undergraduate Resea rch Heather King, University Program Associate, Office of Undergraduate Research Justin Hammond, Director, Marketing and Communications Kasey Kyprianou, Graphic Design and Social Media Justine Hollingshead, Chief of Staff & Assistant Vice Chancellor Ro bin Kelly, RAVE, Talley Student Union Eli Hornstein, NC State University Graduate Student, Volunteer Interpreter - Swahili 2019 North C arolina Science and Engineering Fair 7 Sponsors of the NC Science and Engineering Fair The North Carolina Science and Engineering Fair is dependent upon corporate, educ ational, and individual financial support. Donations from the following have allowed us to provide recognition certificates and medals to each participant of the Fair as well as providing trophies and cash awards. The Fair f unds awards for high school st udents to participate in the INTEL International Science and Engineering Fair that will be in Phoenix, AZ in May. Teacher and administrator workshops are also provided through the donations from the organizations listed below. Please thank these organizat ions and individuals for their contributions to the Fair and student scientific research! Without their assistance, our students would not receive the awards and opportunities from our Fair. Presenting Sponsor: Bi ogen Foundation Platinum $10, 000 + NC Science, Mathematics, and Technology Education Center Qualcomm Foundation SAS Gold $5,000 - $9,999 Social & Scientific Systems, Inc. The Sterling Foundation Research Triangle Institute International Si lver $2,500 - $4,999 Red Hat Bronze $1,000 - $2,499 Rho Strategic Educational Alliances, Inc. University Sponsors and In - Kind Partners North Carolina State University Meredith College Strawbridge Studios STEM Wizard The NC Science and Engineering Fair is funded entirely from donations and grants. The Directors, NCSFF Board, SRC Committee, Dis play, and Safety personnel, and judges are volunteers and all funds go to support students, teacher training, and programs to improve science and engineering education. Contributors can designate funds for specific areas such as awards, teacher workshops, or travel for students to international competitions. A s additional funding is given, we will work to increase student awards and outreach to local and regional fairs across the state. Developing a science or engineering fair project teaches critical thinking and the scientific/engineering process. STEM ( science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education is now considered of prime importance in creating jobs and our nation’s future. If you know of a business, group, or individual who would like to support students in science and engineering rese arch by contributing to the North Carolina Science Fair Foundation, please have them contact Dr. Leah Bug, Executive Director, at execdirector @ncsciencefair.org ; or Dr. Tom Williams, Chair Emeritus, at development@ncsciencefair.org, or 919 - 815 - 6658 or Ms. Judy B. Day, NCSEF Director, at director@ncsciencefair.org or 919 - 880 - 2216 (cell). 2019 North C arolina Science and Engineering Fair 8 NC Science and Engineering Fair Rules and Regulations 1. Projects MUST abide by all ISEF Rules and Regulations. The se rules can be found at https://student.societyforscience.org/international - rules - pre - college - science - research . A description of the ISEF forms can be found at http://ncsciencefair.org/index.php/s tudents - a - parents/forms 2. Exhibitors should arrive early en ough to check - in, pick - up exhibit space number, set up their exhibits, and undergo Display and Safety inspection. Time is allowed on Friday from 3:30 – 7:30 p.m. as well as Saturday morning from 7:1 5 to 9:00 am to set up. All project set - ups must be appro ved by 9:15 am on Saturday. 3. Any exhibit/exhibitor that does not follow the Official ISEF Rules as stated online and in this booklet will be disqualified and the exhibit will not be judged. 4. Students enrolled in grades 3, 4, or 5 compete in the Elementary Di vision. Students enrolled in grades 6, 7, or 8 compete in the Junior Division. Students enrolled in grades 9, 10, 11, or 12 compete in the Senior Division. 5. Exhibitors should bring hardware, such as a screwdriver, hammer, electrical adapter, etc., needed to set up projects. All projects must be able to support themselves. 6. Individuals must assume all liability and responsibility for items associated with their exhibit. 7. Only students with exhibits, science fair officials, and judges will be allowed in the exh ibit area during the interview portion of judging. 8. The NC Science and Engineering Fair Directors may refuse permission to exhibit for reasons of safety, sanitation, or the best interest of the Fair. All projects must abide by the ISEF Rules and Regulation s. 9. Decisions of the judges are final. 10. Jr. and Sr. Division entries must be correctly categorized as Biological Science A and B, Chemistry, Physics/Math, Earth/Environ mental Science, Engineering or Technology. No changes will be made the day of the fair. 11. I t is highly suggested but not required that a research paper and laboratory notebooks/journals accompany the display to provide details for the judges. 12. Students will submit the following forms at a minimum for each project and be approved by the Scientifi c Review Committee to review : a. The NCSEF Participant Signature and Approval Form. b. ISEF Forms: Checklist for Adult Sponsor/Safety Assessment Form (1), Student Checkl ist Form (1A), Approval Form (1B) c. Research Plan d. NCSEF Abstract e. Any special ISEF forms re quired by the topic and content of the project. 13. Additional ISEF forms may be needed depending upon the project. Refer to the ISEF Rules and Regulations listed above. SAFETY is primary for student research. 14. The only forms that are displayed at the project are the Official Abstract (provided at check - in), Form 1C if applicable, and Form 7 if applicable. 2019 North C arolina Science and Engineering Fair 9 Display and Safety Regulations A Safety and Display Team member will check your project for compliance to these rules after you set up your project. DO N OT LEAVE UNTIL YOUR PROJECT HAS BEEN APPROVED! We will measure your display. Please make sure it is not larger than the following sizes. Your display must be within these boundaries before you leave your project on Friday night or Saturday morning. The s ize limitations include all parts of your display and the table. 30 in. (76 cm) deep, front to back 48 in. (122 cm) wide, side to side 114 in. (274 cm) high, floor to top including the table – if the table height is 36” (At other comp etitions, the table is usually 30” and the maximum height is 108”) Forms to be Displayed With the Project: 1. Certified Abstract (received at check - in within the student package with a seal) 2. If applicable ISEF Regulated Research Institutional/Industrial Se tting Form 1C; and/or I SEF Continuation Form, Form 7 3. Completed Display & Safety Project Set - Up Approval Form 4. A photograph/image credit has to be posted at the project for all Photographs and Images including graphs! Forms to be Available With the Project but NOT Displayed: 1. ISEF Forms other than 1C and 7 2. ISEF Form 4 – Human Subjects if applicable (Do NOT have completed permission forms!) Take Photographs Many projects involve elements that may not be safely exhibited at the fair, but are an important part of the project. You mi ght want to take photographs of important parts/phases of your experiment to use in your display or notebook. Photographs or other visual presentations depicting vertebrate animals in other - than - normal conditions (i.e., surgical tec hniques, dissection, ne cropsies, running a maze, or other lab techniques) are unacceptable. Photographs or other visual images of human test subjects must have signed informed consent forms. You must be able to produce a signed consent form if requested at registration. No ph otographs may be included in any way in the Finalist’s Display if they are deemed visually offensive by the Display and Safety Committee. Acknowledgment of photographer or source of photographs and ALL images, graphs, etc. is requir ed. Unacceptable for D isplay (please use photographs instead of bringing materials) 1. Living organisms, including plants 2. Soil, sand, rock, and/or waste samples, even if permanently encased in a slab of acrylic 3. Taxidermy specimens or parts 4. Preserved vertebrate or invertebrate anim als 5. Human or animal food as part of the exhibitor demonstration of the project. 6. Human/animal parts or body fluids (for example, blood, urine) 7. Plant materials (living, dead, or preserved) that are in their raw, unprocessed, or non - manufactured state (Except ion: manufactured construction materials used in building the project or display) 8. All chemicals including water (Projects may not use water in any form in a demonstration) 9. All hazardous substances or devices ( for example, poi sons, drugs, firearms, weapons, ammunition, reloading devices, lasers) 10. Dry ice or other sublimating solids 11. Sharp items (for example, syringes, needles, pipettes, knives) 2019 North C arolina Science and Engineering Fair 10 12. Flames or highly flammable materials 13. Batteries with open - top cells 14. Glass or glass obje cts unless deemed by the Displa y and Safety Committee to be an integral and necessary part of the project (for example, glass that is an integral part of a commercial product such as a computer screen) 15. Any apparatus deemed unsafe by the Scientific Review C ommittee, the Display and Safet y Committee, or Society for Science & the Public (for example, large vacuum tubes or dangerous ray - generating devices, empty tanks that previously contained combustible liquids or gases, pressurized tanks, etc.) Acceptable f or Display & Operation with Res trictions 1. Empty tanks that previously contained combustible liquids or gases if certified as having been purged with carbon dioxide. 2. Information such as postal, web, and e - mail addresses, telephone numbers, and fax numbers ar e allowed only for student exhi bitor(s) 4. All photographs, images, charts, and graphs must have credit lines. Photographs of humans other than the exhibitor must have appropriate release forms. Photographs from the Internet, magazines, etc. are allowed wi th credit lines attached. No ph otographs will be allowed if deemed offensive by the Display and Safety Committee. 5. Lasers a. Class 1: A class 1 laser is safe under all conditions of normal use. It is allowed provided a finalist avoids indiscriminate exposure to other finalists, judges or visitors. b. Class 1M: A class 1M laser is safe for all conditions of use except when passed through magnifying optics such as microscopes and telescopes. It is allowed provided the finalist avoids indiscr iminate exposure to others and does not utilize ma gnifying optics in the area of the laser. c. Class 2: A class 2 laser is safe because the blink reflex will limit the exposure to no more than 0.25 seconds. This only applies to visible - light lasers (400 – 700 n m). d. Class 2M: A class 2M laser is safe because of the blink reflex if not viewed through optical instruments. This applies only to visible - light lasers (400 – 700 nm). It is allowed provided the finalist avoids indiscriminate exposure to others and does not utilize magnifying optics in the area of the laser e. Class 3R: A class 3R laser has a risk of injury if viewed directly. It cannot be used or displayed. f. Class 3B: A class 3B laser has a risk of injury if viewed directly. It cannot be used or displayed g. Class 4: A class 4 laser has a risk of injury if viewed directly. It cannot be used or displayed. 6. Large vacuum tubes or dangerous ray - generating devices must be properly shielded. 7. Any apparatus producing temperatures that will cause physical burns must be adequately insulated. Electrical Regulations 1. Electrical power supplied to projects, and therefore the maximum allowed for the projects, is 120 or 220 volt, AC, single phase, 60 cycles. Finalists must provide a UL listed 3 - wire extension cord (minimum length of 9 feet) to connect to the power source 2. All electrical work must conform to the National Electrical Code. All electrical connectors, wiring, switches, extension cords, etc. must be UL - listed and must be appropriate for the loan and equi pment. 3. Wiring, switches, and metal parts must have adequa te insulation, and over - current safety devices (such as fuses), and must be inaccessible to anyone other than the exhibitor. Exposed electrical equipment or metal that is liable to be energized must be shielded with a non - conducting material or with a gro unded metal box to prevent accidental contact. 4. Wiring not a part of a commercially available UL - listed appliance or piece of equipment must have a clearly visible fuse or circuit breaker on the suppl y side of the power source and prior to any project equip ment. 2019 North C arolina Science and Engineering Fair 11 5. There must be an accessible, clearly visible on - off switch or other means of disconnect from the 120 or 220 - volt power source. Acceptable for Display Only (Cannot Be Operated) 1. Any apparatus with unshielded belts, pulleys, chains, or moving parts with tension or pinch points. 2. Class III and IV lasers 3. Any device requiring voltage over 125 volts No changes, modifications, or additions to projects maybe made after approval by the Display and Safety Committee and the Scientific Review Committee Please check the ISEF Display and Safety Rules for any questions at https://student.societyforscience.org/intel - isef - display - and - safety - regulations Useful Web Links: NC Science & Engineering Fair – www.ncsciencefair.org - (main site) INTEL Interna tional Science and Engineering Fair https://student.societyforscience.org/intel - isef Judging Guidelines https://student.societyforscience.org/judging - criteria - intel - isef Risk Assessment Guide for Human Subject Research https://student.societyforscienc e.org/human - participants Guidelines and Checkpoints for Scientific Review and Institutional Review Boards https://student.societyforscience.org/checklist - src - review https://sspcdn.blob.core.windows.net/files/Documents/SEP/ISEF/2019/Fair - Network/Operatio nal - Guidelines.pdf Display and Safety Regulations https://student.societyforscience.org/intel - isef - displa y - and - safety - regulations ISEF Guidelines for Biosafety Level 1 and 2 – Assessment Checklist https://student.societyforscience.org/committee - traini ng ISEF Rules and Project Guidelines including the Rules Wizard https://student.societyforscience.org/in ternational - rules - pre - college - science - research NC Junior Science and Humanities http://www.jshs.org/regions/ncarolina.html NC Student Academy of S cience http://www.ncsas.org/ Science Buddies http://www.sciencebuddies.org/ Scotch Science Fair Central http://school.discoveryeducation.com/sciencefaircentral 2019 North C arolina Science and Engineering Fair 12 NC Science and Engineering Fair Categories Based on the 2019 ISEF Categories and Subcategories https://student.societyforscience.org/intel - isef - categories - and - subcategories#TMED Elementary projects are not divided into categories. Junior and Senior projects are organiz ed in the following Categories. The ISEF web site provides details for each of the sub - categories. Notice that some sub - categories cross over categories. Students should select the best overall fit for the main category by considering how their project w ould compare with others in that grouping Biological Science A Animal Sciences Plant Sciences Microbiology Biological Science B Cellular & Molecular Biology Biomedical & Health Sciences Translational Medical Science Behavioral & Social Sciences C omputational Biology & Bioinformatics Chemistry Biochemistry Chemistry Earth and Environmental Earth & Environmental Sciences Energy: Chemical Energy: Physical Environmental Engineering Engineering Biomedical Engineering Engineering Mechanics Environmental Engineering Materials Science Physics & Mathematics Physics & Astronomy Mathematics Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Technology Embedded Systems Robotics & Intelligent Machines Systems Software 2019 North C arolina Science and Engineering Fair 13 Elementary Science Projects – T alley Student Union – Coastal Ballroom (3 rd Floor) 15 Exemplary and 20 honorable mention awards will be presented to the most outstanding projects. ELE001: Electromagnetic Train ; Aneesh Penumatcha; Washington Elementary - Raleigh, Wake Coun ty ELE002: T he Crystal Climate Project ; Kaitlyn Horn; George Watts Elementary - Durham, Durham County ELE003: Why do my apple slices turn brown and what can I do about it?; Charlaine Lynn Crisp; St. Timothy's School - Raleigh, Wake County ELE004: Filtering Lucama's Di rty Water ; Astrid Santamaria; Sallie B Howard School for the Arts and Education - Wilson, Wilson County ELE005: What Keeps Cut Flowers Fresh the Longest ; Morgan Kincaid F ontiveros; Pine Springs Preparatory Academy: CFA - Holly Springs, Wake County ELE006: Can You Hear Me Now?!; Lia Patrick Campbell; McAlpine Elementary - Charlotte, Mecklenburg County ELE007: Stubborn Stains ; Alden D. Turner and Aubrey E. Turner; Langtree C harter Academy - Mooresville, Iredell County ELE008: Wash Away; Drew Enes Bowman; Patr iots Elementary - Concord, Cabarrus County ELE009: The Effect of Mass and Weight on Centrifugal Force ; Sam Wright; Barringer Academic Center - Charlotte, Mecklenburg County ELE010: Pitter Patter Patterns ; Rowen Jefferson James Klauss; Coltrane - Webb Element ary - Concord, Cabarrus County ELE011: An Apple a Day... the Freshest Way ; Laila Faith Wigginton; Lakeshore Elementary - Mooresville, Iredell County ELE01 2: Wind Turbine Efficiencies ; Luis Manuel Costales; Dillworth Elementary - Charlotte, Mecklenburg Coun ty ELE013: Effect of string length on the frequency of vibrations ; Abhijay Amujuri; Mallard Creek Elementary - Charlotte, Mecklenburg County ELE014: Magne tropism ; Nicholas Patrick Moore, Ethan Nance, and Briley Smith; Lake Norman Elementary - Mooresville, Iredell County ELE015: Pump It Up! – Does Water Really Have The Energy To Do Work?; Samiksha Anand; Mallard Creek Elementary - Charlotte, Mecklenburg Count y ELE016: Attitude of Altitude: Testing the Aerodynamics of Rocket Nose; Bella Lynn Watkins; Bethel El ementary - Midland, Cabarrus County ELE017: How to "Beet" Icy Roads ; Mason Riley Conte; Norwood Elementary - Norwood, Stanly County ELE018: Wonders of Hyd rogel (Can this wonder - gel help address water conservation ?!); Laya Nathan; Oak Grove Elementary - Ra leigh, Wake County ELE019: Sunscreen Wars ; Shane Thomas Nicol; Langtree Charter Academy - Mooresville, Mecklenburg County ELE020: Reaction and Distraction ; Ella Munyon; Olds Elementary - Raleigh, Wake County ELE021: Scarred for Life: Scarification of Okra Seeds ; Rayan Michael Almony; Raleigh School - Raleigh, Wake County ELE022: Clean Water in Schools; Ethan Brewer and Duncan West; R Brown McAllister Elemen tary - Concord, Cabarrus County ELE023: Watch What You Drink! (A comparison of water filter pitchers); Lorelai Tsang; Chesterbrook Acad. - Cary, Wake County 2019 North C arolina Science and Engineering Fair 14 ELE024: How to Break a Bridge ; Ankit Biswas; Cox Mill Elementary - Concord, Cabarrus County ELE025: Butterflies, Hot or Not? Does temperature affect the length of time a Vanessa cardui is in chrysalis form?; Talon Devault; Holly Springs Elementary - Holly Springs, Wake County ELE026: How can I Replace the Plastic Straws to Help the Environment? ; Megan E lizabeth Eguiarte; Triangle Math and Science Academy - Cary, Chatham County ELE027: Hurricane Proof Do mes: Go Green or Go Home ; Akshaya Sharma; Chesterbrook Acad. - Cary, Wake County ELE028: Blasting Angles ; Caleb Billings, Reece Dobbins, and Rye Dobbins; Ronda - Clingman Elementary - Ronda, Wilkes County ELE029: "Berry" Fresh: What are the Most Effective Wa sh and Storage Methods to Prevent Berries from Rotting as Fast?; Scott Lenfestey; Triangle Math and Science Academy - Cary, Wake County ELE030: Ice Cream Melt: Which Ice Cream Brand Melts the Slowest? ; Isabella Maciel Griffith; Davenport A+ School - Lenoir , Caldwell County ELE031: Ice Road Trucking ; Kailey Ann Royal; Granite Falls Elementary - Granite Falls, Caldwell County ELE032: Soccer Ball Sho wdown ; Kolten C. Rhodes; Granite Falls Elementary - Granite Falls, Caldwell County ELE033: Cooler Insulation ; Le o Cooper McEvoy; Cove Creek Elementary - Vilas, Watauga County ELE034: Do Cell Phone Frequency Waves and Wifi Radiation Affect Plant Growth? ; Ty ler Evan Brewer; Nebo Elementary - Nebo, McDowell County ELE035: Catnip or Catnap? Sofie Elle Estes; Mount Pleas ant Elementary - Ferguson, Wilkes County ELE036: Do high - rated potting soils perform better than low - rated ones?; Josie Plummer; Cove Creek Elem entary - Vilas, Watauga County ELE037: Freeze Your Thirst; RD Johnson; Millennium Charter Academy - Mt. Airy, S urry County ELE038: Levitating into the future ; Matthew Gene Whiting; Moravian Falls Elementary - Moravian Falls, Wilkes County ELE039: How does temperature impact magnetism?; Cole McNulty; Lower Creek Elementary - Lenoir, Caldwell County ELE040: That's th e Way the Cookie Crumbles!; Breagha McKaelyn Kilpatrick; Ronda - Clingman Elementary - Ronda, Wilkes County ELE041: Hot Cold Bow - The Effect of T emperature on a Crossbow's Accuracy, ; Eli Lonsen Bare; Traphill Elementary - Traphill, Wilkes County ELE042: Rub - a - Dub - Dub: How Clean Can We Get Our Rug?; Addison Brookshire, Skylar Clark, and Aubree Moser; Hudson Elementary - Hudson, Caldwell County ELE04 3: The Wind - er Games ; Alex Mason Van Wy; Moravian Falls Elementary - Moravian Falls, Wilkes County ELE044: Battl e of the Bows ; Culley Beavers; Brooks Global Studies - Greensboro, Guilford County ELE045: Turtle's Got a Brand New Bag!; Jack Bivins; New Horiz ons Elementary School - Wilmington, New Hanover County ELE046: Who Kept the Dogs Out?; Alex Webb Ferretti; New H orizons Elementary School - Wilmington, New Hanover County ELE047: The Mystery of Silence in Space ; Kinley Beth Higerd; Apollo's Classical Acade my - Sneads Ferry, Onslow County ELE048: Hands Free with EV ; Kamdyn Dickerson; Heritage Elementary - Richlands, Onslow County ELE049: Ice Melting, Coastline Disappearing: What Is Our Next Move?; Scott Chien McFarland; Parsley Elementary School - Wilmington, New Hanover County 2019 North C arolina Science and Engineering Fair 15 ELE050: It’s a Pain to Wash a Stain ; Aisley Larson; Dr. Hubert Eaton Sr. Elementary - Wilmi ngton, New Hanover County ELE051: Popular Essential Oil Preferences ; Lila Parker Wells; John D . Codington Elementary - Wilmington, New Hanover County ELE052: Water, water everywhere ; Katie Hayes O’Donovan; New Horizons Elementary School - Wilmington, New H anover County ELE053: Tooth Decay; Alaysia Denae Britton; Page Street Elementary - Troy, Montg omery County ELE054: Wind Power; Zander Cartrette; Guideway Elementary - Tabor City, Columbus County ELE055: Battle of the Stain Fighters ; AbbiKate Carsyn Daughtr y; Eastover - Central Elementary - Eastover, Cumberland County ELE056: Raise the Roof ; Benjamin Creek Hyatt; Edgewood Elementary - Whiteville, Columbus County ELE057: 4 Eggsample (Experimenting with Osmosis); James Michael Jacobs; Union Chapel Elementary - P embroke, Robeson County ELE058: Rust, the Silent Destroyer of Steel!!!; Ian Grady Martin; Edgewood Elementary - Whiteville, Columbus County ELE059: Distracted Drivers; Liam Miller; Long Hill Elementary - Fayetteville, Cumberland County ELE060: Heal the Bur n ; Connor Andrew Ross; Beaver Da m Elementary - Roseboro, Cumberland County ELE061: Ready, Set, Mold ; Sarah Lantner; Triad Math and Science Academy - Greensboro, Guilford County ELE062: Which liquids are best for the plant ; Youmna Essam Yousef; Triad Math a nd Science Academy - Greensboro, Guilford County ELE063: Loaded Down ; Grant Mayle; Pleasant Grove Elementary - Burlington, Alamance County ELE064: Wind Turbines are NOT A Breeze ; Jack R. Stieber; Southwest Elementary - Clemmons, Forsyth County ELE065: Mous etrap Car; Thomas Ryan Bjork; Si lk Hope Elementary - Siler City, Chatham County ELE066: Filtering Dirty Water ; Isabella Faith Elliott; Wallburg Elementary - Winston - Salem, Forsyth County ELE067: Distracted Driver ; Alexis Mayes and Avery Mayes; Dobson Eleme ntary - Dobson, Surry County ELE 068: Becoming Mjölnir – Kid’s Version ; Isabella Bautista Villano; Oak Ridge Elementary - Oak Ridge, Guilford County ELE069: How Hard is Your Wood ; Payton Goins; Stoneville Elementary - Stoneville, Rockingham County ELE070: M agnets ; Diego Acosta and Cooper Knight; Huntsville Elementary - Madison, Rockingham County ELE071: Make coal ash bricks, not coal ash ponds ; Catherine Bowers; Brooks Global Studies - Greensboro, Guilford County ELE072: Take Flight! Daniel H. Miller; Summer field Charter Academy - S ummerfield, Guilford County ELE073: Bottle Flipping ; Ty Booker; Wentworth Elementary - Reidsville, Rockingham County ELE074: What makes a Pinhole Camera Work ; Abigail Rayne Miller; Triad Math and Science Academy - Greensboro, Guilf ord County ELE075: Candy Rocks! Which sugars make the best crystals for rock candy? ; Kaitlin Elizabeth Winkley; Cool Spring Elementary - Cleveland, Iredell County 2019 North C arolina Science and Engineering Fair 16 ELE076: Foreign Dust Particles ; Mihin De Silva; Cullowhee Valley School - Cullowhee, Jackson County ELE077: Mood Swing s: How Temperature & Humidity Affect Stringed Musical Instruments ; Abigail Karen Fisher; Cullowhee Valley School - Cullowhee, Jackson County ELE078: Is My House Water Dirtier than the French Broad River and Other Streams? ; Kathleen Elizabeth Godfrey; Godfr ee School of Lifelong Learning - Arden, Buncombe County ELE079: Racing Robots; Lolo Zakya Hogner and Alexis Wataga Motola; New Kituwah Academy - Cherokee, Swain County ELE080: Wingspan ; Grant Palmer; Hendersonville Elementary - Hen dersonville, Henderson Co unty ELE081: Battle of Magnetic Force; Serenity Addison Shores and Aaliyah Voss; Smokey Mountain Elementary - Whittier, Jackson County ELE082: Can water float on water?; Ella Small; Cullowhee Valley School - Cullowhee, Jackson Coun ty ELE083: Pumping Iron ; Matthew Da