Your Eyes and the Sun The sun, while essential for life on Earth, emits powerful ultraviolet (UV) radiation that can be surprisingly damaging to your eyes. Just as you protect your skin with sunscreen, your eyes need protection from these invisible rays. Ignoring eye protection can lead to a range of short- term discomforts and long-term, serious conditions. One of the most immediate effects of sun exposure on your eyes is photokeratitis , often described as a "sunburn of the eye." This painful condition occurs when the cornea, the clear outer layer of your eye, gets overexposed to UV radiation. Symptoms include a gritty feeling, redness, excessive tearing, sensitivity to light, and blurred vision. While usually temporary, it's a clear warning sign of too much sun. Over time, chronic exposure to UV radiation significantly increases your risk of developing several severe eye diseases: Cataracts: This is a clouding of the eye's natural lens, leading to blurry vision, difficulty with night vision, and increased glare sensitivity. UV radiation is a major contributing factor to the development and progression of cataracts, which are the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Macular Degeneration (AMD): This condition affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. AMD can lead to distorted or blurred central vision and, in severe cases, significant vision loss. Research suggests a strong link between prolonged UV exposure and an increased risk of AMD. Pterygium: Also known as "surfer's eye," this is a non-cancerous growth of the conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the white part of your eye) that can extend onto the cornea. It's often linked to chronic exposure to sunlight, wind, and dust. While usually benign, it can cause irritation, redness, and even obstruct vision if it grows large enough. Pinguecula: Similar to a pterygium, a pinguecula is a yellowish patch or bump on the white part of your eye, usually on the side closest to your nose. It's a deposit of protein, fat, or calcium that's often caused by sun exposure, wind, and dust. While generally harmless, it can become irritated and inflamed. Eye Cancers: Just as UV radiation can cause skin cancer, it can also lead to various types of eye cancer, including those affecting the eyelids, the conjunctiva, and even inside the eye (intraocular melanoma). So, what can you do to protect your precious eyesight? The good news is that protecting your eyes from the sun is relatively simple: Wear Sunglasses That Block 99-100% of UVA and UVB Rays: This is the most crucial step. Look for sunglasses labeled "UV400" or "100% UV protection." Darker lenses don't necessarily mean more UV protection, so always check the label. Choose Large, Wrap-Around Styles: These provide more coverage and prevent UV rays from sneaking in from the sides. Wear a Wide-Brimmed Hat: A hat provides an additional layer of protection for your eyes and face, reducing the amount of UV radiation reaching your eyes by up to 50%. Be Mindful of Reflective Surfaces: Water, snow, sand, and concrete can reflect UV rays, increasing your exposure. This is why eye protection is particularly important during activities like skiing, boating, or at the beach. Protect Your Eyes Even on Cloudy Days: UV rays can penetrate clouds, so don't let an overcast sky fool you into thinking you're safe. Consider UV-Blocking Contact Lenses: While some contact lenses offer UV protection, they don't cover your entire eye and should not replace sunglasses. Never Look Directly at the Sun: This can cause immediate and permanent damage to your retina. Your eyes are invaluable. By taking simple, consistent steps to protect them from the sun's harmful UV rays, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing serious eye conditions and preserve your vision for years to come. Make eye protection a habit, just like applying sunscreen! About Author The Eye Center is the leading refractive practice in South Carolina, providing full service eye care and specializing in Refractive Surgery – Lasik, AST, PRK, PRELEX, as well as Corneal Transplant and Cataract Surgery.