Series Editors: Jason L. Powell, Sheying Chen International Perspectives on Aging 19 Liat Ayalon · Clemens Tesch-Römer Editors Contemporary Perspectives on Ageism International Perspectives on Aging Volume 19 Series editors Jason L. Powell University of Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK Sheying Chen Pace University, New York, New York, USA The study of aging is continuing to increase rapidly across multiple disciplines. This wide-ranging series on International Perspectives on Aging provides readers with much-needed comprehensive texts and critical perspectives on the latest research, policy, and practical developments. Both aging and globalization have become a reality of our times, yet a systematic effort of a global magnitude to address aging is yet to be seen. The series bridges the gaps in the literature and provides cutting- edge debate on new and traditional areas of comparative aging, all from an international perspective. More specifically, this book series on International Perspectives on Aging puts the spotlight on international and comparative studies of aging. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8818 Liat Ayalon • Clemens Tesch-Römer Editors Contemporary Perspectives on Ageism ISSN 2197-5841 ISSN 2197-585X (electronic) International Perspectives on Aging ISBN 978-3-319-73819-2 ISBN 978-3-319-73820-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73820-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018935295 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Editors Liat Ayalon Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan, Israel Clemens Tesch-Römer German Centre of Gerontology Berlin, Germany , corrected publication 2018. This book is This publication is based upon work from COST Action IS1402, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). COST is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Our Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation. www.cost.eu Funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union published open access. v Acknowledgements Ageism is a social construct of old age that portrays ageing and older people in a stereotypical, often negative, way. We are convinced that ageism is harmful both to the individuals affected and to society as a whole. Hence, this book provides a thor- ough overview of insights into the origins of ageism and descriptions of the mani- festations and consequences of ageism in different domains and also presents interventions which might curtail and reduce ageism. This book is the collaborative result of a COST Action entitled “Ageism: A Multinational, Interdisciplinary Perspective” (IS1402). COST is an EU-funded pro- gramme that enables researchers like us to set up interdisciplinary research net- works in Europe and beyond. We were lucky enough to secure funding for a 4-year research network on the topic of ageism. Among the stated goals of our network was the creation of a common language to allow researchers from various countries, disciplines and sectors to work together in the field of ageism. We aimed for the enhancement of knowledge, the integration of different disciplines and the develop- ment of a new generation of researchers in the field of ageism. The researchers in our network come from 35 countries and represent a highly diverse group of established and early-stage researchers as well as policymakers. As a result, this book is a multidisciplinary, cross-national product of researchers in the fields of psychology, sociology, social work, health, nursing, law, policy, economy, demography, pharmacy, occupational therapy, communication studies, gender stud- ies and labour studies – all working on the topic of ageism. We are grateful that COST has given us the opportunity to collaborate with excellent colleagues from all over the world. We have learned a lot in this process, and we hope readers will find this book both useful and inspiring. August 2017 Tel Aviv, Israel Liat Ayalon Berlin, Germany Clemens Tesch-Römer vii Contents 1 Introduction to the Section: Ageism—Concept and Origins .............. 1 Liat Ayalon and Clemens Tesch-Römer 2 Ageism: The Relationship between Age Stereotypes and Age Discrimination .......................................................................... 11 Peggy Voss, Ehud Bodner, and Klaus Rothermund 3 Multiple Marginalizations Based on Age: Gendered Ageism and Beyond ................................................................................. 33 Clary Krekula, Pirjo Nikander, and Monika Wili ń ska 4 Origins of Ageism at the Individual Level ............................................ 51 Sagit Lev, Susanne Wurm, and Liat Ayalon 5 Work Environment and the Origin of Ageism ..................................... 73 Laura Naegele, Wouter De Tavernier, and Moritz Hess 6 Ageism and Age Discrimination in the Labour Market: A Macrostructural Perspective .............................................................. 91 Justyna Stypi ń ska and Pirjo Nikander 7 Introduction to the Section: On the Manifestations and Consequences of Ageism ................................................................. 109 Liat Ayalon and Clemens Tesch-Römer 8 Ageism in the Third Age ......................................................................... 115 Angela Kydd, Anne Fleming, Sue Gardner, and Trish Hafford-Letchfield 9 Pathways from Ageism to Loneliness .................................................... 131 Sharon Shiovitz-Ezra, Jonathan Shemesh, and Mary McDonnell/Naughton viii 10 Ageism and Sexuality .............................................................................. 149 Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan, Trish Hafford-Letchfield, Yael Benyamini, Amanda Phelan, Jeanne Jackson, and Liat Ayalon 11 Visual Ageism in the Media .................................................................... 163 Eugène Loos and Loredana Ivan 12 Ageism and Older Immigrants .............................................................. 177 Pnina Dolberg, Sigurveig H. Sigurðardóttir, and Ursula Trummer 13 Ageism in the Health Care System: Providers, Patients, and Systems ............................................................................................. 193 Mary F. Wyman, Sharon Shiovitz-Ezra, and Jürgen Bengel 14 Ageism in Medication Use in Older Patients ........................................ 213 Daniela Fialová, Ingrid Kummer, Margita Dr ž ai ć , and Marcel Leppée 15 Ageism in Mental Health Assessment and Treatment of Older Adults ........................................................................................ 241 Ehud Bodner, Yuval Palgi, and Mary F. Wyman 16 Ageism and Dementia ............................................................................. 263 Simon Chester Evans 17 Ageism and Neuropsychological Tests ................................................... 277 Boaz M. Ben-David, Gali Malkin, and Hadas Erel 18 Introduction to the Section: Against Ageism ........................................ 299 Liat Ayalon and Clemens Tesch-Römer 19 Ageism and Anti-Ageism in the Legal System: A Review of Key Themes ........................................................................ 303 Israel (Issi) Doron, Ann Numhauser-Henning, Benny Spanier, Nena Georgantzi, and Eugenio Mantovani 20 The Council of Europe’s Approach towards Ageism ........................... 321 Barbara Miko ł ajczyk 21 The European Union’s Approach towards Ageism .............................. 341 Nena Georgantzi 22 Ageism and the Rights of Older People ................................................ 369 Annika Taghizadeh Larsson and Håkan Jönson 23 Educational Methods Using Intergenerational Interaction to Fight Ageism .................................................................... 383 María del Carmen Requena, Hannah J. Swift, Laura Naegele, Marc Zwamborn, Susan Metz, Wilco P. H. Bosems, and Joost van Hoof Contents ix 24 Introduction to the Section: Researching Ageism ................................ 403 Liat Ayalon and Clemens Tesch-Römer 25 Normative, Empiricist, and Interpretive Considerations in the Ageism Research Process ............................................................. 409 Fredrik Snellman 26 Ageism in a Cross-Cultural Perspective: Reflections from the Research Field ......................................................................... 425 Monika Wili ń ska, Astrid de Hontheim, and Els-Marie Anbäcken 27 Agisem in the European Region: Finding from the European Social Survey ........................................................................................... 441 Hannah J. Swift, Dominic Abrams, Sibila Marques, Christin- Melanie Vauclair, Christopher Bratt, and Maria-Luisa Lima 28 Measures of Ageism in the Labour Market in International Social Studies ........................................................................................... 461 Liili Abuladze and Jolanta Perek-Bia ł as 29 Researching Ageism in Health-Care and Long Term Care ................. 493 Sandra C. Buttigieg, Stefania Ilinca, José M. S. de Sao Jose, and Annika Taghizadeh Larsson 30 Children’s Attitudes toward Older People: Current and Future Directions ............................................................................. 517 Joana Mendonça, Sibila Marques, and Dominic Abrams 31 Researching Ageism through Discourse ................................................ 549 Amanda Phelan Erratum ........................................................................................................... E1 Contents xi About the Authors Dominic Abrams PhD, is professor of social psychology and director of the Centre for the Study of Group Processes at the University of Kent. His research focuses on the psychological dynamics of social exclusion and inclusion within and between groups. He is codirector and founder of the European Research Group on Attitudes to Age, which designed the European Social Survey Round 4 module on experiences and expressions of ageism, (http://www.eurage.com). He is coeditor with Michael A. Hogg of the journal Group Processes & Intergroup Relations and (with Melanie Killen) of the Journal of Social Issues (2014) special issue on social exclusion and children. He is a past president of SPSSI, fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences and vice president of the British Academy. Liili Abuladze MSc, is a PhD researcher in demography and a project manager at the Estonian Institute for Population Studies, Tallinn University. Her PhD research focuses on population ageing and its consequences in Estonia and other European countries. She is a national representative at the Academic Network of Experts on Disability (ANED). She has previously attended a research master programme in population studies at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, and the European Doctoral School of Demography. Els-Marie Anbäcken has been an associate professor in social work at Mälardalen University (Sweden) since 2014. She was born and brought up in Japan, which continuously influences her life and research. After the PhD thesis (1997), “an eth- nography focusing on filial duty and eldercare in the Japanese society”, she has continued with research on later life, in both explicitly and implicitly comparative studies. From 2000 to 2008 and 2012 to 2014, she belonged to the Faculty of Social and Welfare Studies at Linköping University. In 2006 (–2011), she became the coor- dinator of the Swedish-Japanese research network on ageing and care. In 2008 she moved to Japan for a full-time professorship at Kwansei Gakuin University, School of Human Welfare Studies, where she did 4 years of teaching and researching in gerontology, end-of-life care and international social work. She continued to deepen these research profiles, focusing on existential needs in later life as well as xii transnational issues. In a globalising world, the ageing experience in many ways transcends national borders, which is crucial to gerontological social work. Liat Ayalon received her PhD in clinical psychology from the Illinois Institute of Technology. She did her internship and postdoctoral training at the University of California, San Francisco. She is currently a full professor in the School of Social Work at Bar-Ilan University. She is currently focused on three major lines of research: ageism, discrimination based on age; the intersection between formal and informal care; and social networks of older adults. Her work has been funded by the German Israel Foundation, the Israel Science Foundation, the National Insurance Institute of Israel, the Israel National Institute for Health Policy Research and the Israel Ministry of Health. She is currently the chair of a COST Action on ageism (IS1402) and the chair of a Marie Curie Innovative Training Network on ageism (EuroAgeism), both funded by the EU. She is also a member of the WHO core group to combat ageism. Boaz M. Ben-David PhD, is an assistant professor at the Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology in the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, where he heads the Communication, Aging and Neuropsychology lab (CANlab). Dr. Ben-David com- pleted his PhD in cognitive psychology at Tel Aviv University. He was a postdoc- toral fellow at the University of Toronto and later a scientist at the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute. He currently holds adjunct faculty positions at the University of Toronto (Department of Speech-Language Pathology) and at the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (University Health Networks). His research interests include the premise that reductions in the quality of the sensory input in older age will result in less efficient cognitive functioning, specifically when communicating in adverse environments (such as a noisy restaurant or a badly lit room); the complex interplay that governs the perception of emotions in spoken language in unique populations; speech perception in adverse conditions in ageing and for second language speak- ers; and promoting better and more valid ways to test cognitive abilities in older age and other special populations. Jürgen Bengel is professor and chair of rehabilitation psychology and psycho- therapy at the University of Freiburg, Germany. He received his doctoral degree in psychology in 1986 and in medicine in 1987. Dr. Bengel’s research focuses on psychological distress in patients with chronic somatic diseases, and he conducts health services research in psychotherapy, psychiatric diagnosis, coping, rehabilita- tion psychology and health psychology. He is head of the Rehabilitation Multidisciplinary Research Network, head of the Center for Methodology Support and head of the Psychotherapy Outpatient Treatment Center in the Department of Psychology. Yael Benyamini PhD, attained her bachelor’s degree in psychology and biology and her master’s degree in social psychology at Hebrew University in Jerusalem and her PhD in health and social psychology at Rutgers University. She is currently a About the Authors xiii professor at the Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University. She is an elected honorary fellow of the European Health Psychology Society. She has pub- lished numerous articles and chapters and has recently coedited the book Assessment in Health Psychology . Her research focuses on self-regulation in chronic diseases and ageing, women’s health issues and health promotion. Her main focus is on sub- jective perceptions of health, ageing and illness and their effects on coping with health threats and ultimately on the psychological and physical outcomes. Her stud- ies provided evidence for the intricate ways in which one’s subjective perceptions of health, age and ageing are interrelated. Ehud Bodner PhD, received his bachelor’s degree in psychology and criminology as well as his PhD in psychology at Bar-Ilan University in Ramat Gan and his mas- ter’s degree in clinical psychology at Tel Aviv University. He served as the head of the research branch in the Mental Health Department of the Israel Defense Forces. He is currently an associate professor at the Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences and the Music Department at Bar-Ilan University and an active clinical and medical psychologist. His research is currently focused on ageism and ageing and dying perceptions and on emotional complexity and emotion recognition and regu- lation through music in adulthood and in old age. His studies in the field of gerontol- ogy provide evidence for the intricate connections between age, ageing and death perceptions, emotion regulation and mental health aspects. Wilco P. H. Bosems earned his MSc in psychology and bachelor in applied geron- tology at Fontys University of Applied Sciences in Eindhoven. He works as a lec- turer at the same university and coordinates the project “Seniors in Class” that facilitates several departments in participation of older people in relevant bachelor programmes and the minor “Healthcare and Technology”. Christopher Bratt Ph.D., is Honorary Research Fellow at the School of Psychology, University of Kent. His research focuses on various aspects of inter- group relations, with a particular interest for predictors of social discrimination and mental health in an intergroup context. Sandra C. Buttigieg MD (University of Malta), PhD (Aston University, Birmingham, UK), FFPH (UK), MSc (University of Malta), MBA (University of Malta), is associate professor and head of the Department of Health Services Management, Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Malta. She is also a consultant in public health medicine at Mater Dei Hospital, Malta. Prior to this post, Prof. Buttigieg also held the position of medical superintendent of a 1000-bed geri- atric hospital in Malta. She lectures in health services management, public health, family medicine and management. Her research is mainly in health management in the areas of performance management, organisational behaviour, operations man- agement and research and public health. She is currently on the Editorial Boards of Frontiers in Public Health , the International Journal of Human Resource Management , Journal of Health Organization and Management and the Journal of About the Authors xiv Geriatrics and Gerontology Research . She is currently a national delegate for Malta in a COST Action on ageism (IS1402). José M. S. de Sao Jose has PhD in sociology. He is currently an assistant professor in the Faculty of Economics at the University of Algarve (Portugal) and a researcher in the Research Centre for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics (University of Algarve). He has researched on social care for older people, exploring themes such as reconciliation between work and care and experiences of providing family care and preserving dignity in later life. His research has been funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and by the European Commission. He is currently interested in the following research topics: ageism, active and healthy age- ing and sexuality in later life. He is currently a national delegate in a COST Action on ageism (IS1402) and a member of the Iberoamerican Research Network on Ageing and Society (Red Iberoamericana Interdisciplinar de Investigación en Envejecimiento y Sociedad). He is also a member of the Observatory of Families and Family Policies (Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lisbon). Wouter De Tavernier PhD, is a postdoctoral researcher at the Centre for Comparative Welfare Studies, Aalborg University. He works on issues of social policy and social gerontology, particularly on issues of older workers, retirement, pensions and eldercare. His PhD, awarded by Aalborg University, particularly focused on the role of the family in social policy for older individuals. Before, he was a research assistant at the Centre for Sociological Research, University of Leuven, researching pension protection in Belgium. He also holds an MA in sociol- ogy and an MSc in social policy analysis from the University of Leuven. Pnina Dolberg PhD, is a researcher in the fields of immigration and older age. She obtained her PhD in social work at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and was a postdoctoral fellow at Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work at Bar-Ilan University. Her published work concerns phenomenology of middle-aged and older immigrants, mental health among immigrants, policy concerning older immigrants and phenomenology of middle age. Israel (Issi) Doron LLB (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel), LLM (Washington College of Law, Washington DC, USA), PhD (Osgoode Hall Law School, Toronto, ON., Canada), is the head of the Center for Research and Study of Aging at the University of Haifa and the past president of the Israeli Gerontological Society. He specialises in the fields of law and ageing, social policy and ageing, human rights and ageism. Professor Doron has written extensively on topics such as law and ageing and human rights of older persons (e.g. Doron, I. & Apter, I. (2010): The Debate Around the Need for an International Convention on the Rights of Older Persons. The Gerontologist, 50(5), 586–593) and is the editor of key books in the field such as Theories on Law and Ageing: The Jurisprudence of Elder Law (Springer, 2009) and Beyond Elder Law: New Directions in Law and Aging (Springer, 2012; with Ann Soden). Finally, Prof. Doron is also the founder of an About the Authors xv Israeli NGO, “The Law in the Service of the Elderly”, which was involved in key strategic litigation regarding rights of older persons in Israel. Margita Dr ž ai ć MPharm, univ. mag. phar. of clinical pharmacy, attained her mas- ter’s degree in pharmacy at the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia. In 2017 she has finished postgraduate specialist study in clinical pharmacy at the same faculty. Currently, she is working as a community pharmacist at Zagreb City Pharmacies, Zagreb, Croatia. She is a member of Croatian Chamber of Pharmacists and an active member of Croatian Pharmaceutical Society (Executive Committee member of Section for Community Pharmacy). Also, she is mentor for trainees and students accredited by the Croatian Chamber of Pharmacists. She cooperates with the Centre for Applied Pharmacy at the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, on the project “Development of Community Pharmacists’ Competencies”. Her professional and scientific interests are in the field of clinical pharmacy, development of pharmacists’ competencies and medica- tion use safety, especially in the use of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) in older adults. Hadas Erel PhD, is a research associate at the Communication, Aging and Neuropsychology lab (CANlab) at the Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology in the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya. Dr. Erel completed her PhD in cognitive psychology at Ben-Gurion University. Her research interests include the influence of the quality of sensory information on cognitive performance, fluid intelligence training in ageing and visual attention and ageing. Simon Chester Evans PhD, is a principal research fellow and head of research with the Association for Dementia Studies at the University of Worcester, UK. Simon has developed a substantial portfolio of research projects and publications that span a wide range of topics including housing, health, social care, the arts, assistive tech- nology, care homes and communities. His role includes applying for research fund- ing, managing a team of researchers and ensuring that research findings are disseminated to key audiences. Recent research projects include an international evaluation of the Meeting Centres Support Programme for people with dementia and family carers and an exploration of the ability of extra care housing to respond to changing care needs. Simon is part of TanDEm, a Doctoral Training Centre run in partnership with the Centre for Dementia, University of Nottingham, and funded by the Alzheimer’s Society. He is a fellow of the National Institute for Health Research School for Social Care Research and a member of the British Society of Gerontology and the ESRC Peer Review College. Daniela Fialová received her PharmD and PhD degrees from Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy (2006), and the Ward Certification in Clinical Pharmacy at the Institute for Postgraduate Training in Healthcare, Prague, Czech Republic (2001). She has been the head of the University Educational Centre in Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University (since 2014), and researcher and About the Authors xvi academician at the Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, First Faculty of Medicine and Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University (since 2003). As an expert in medication safety and inappropri- ate prescribing in older patients, she participated in EU projects, ADHOC (AgeD in Home Care, 5th FP, 2001–2005) and SHELTER (Services and Health in the Elderly in Long-Term Care, 7th FP, 2009–2014), and now is involved in the EU project EUROAGEISM (2017–2021, MCSF-INT, Horizon 2020). She is an invited fellow of the interRAI research corporation; chair of the scientific subgroup “Aging and Changes in the Therapeutic Value of Medications in the Aged” that develops research works in inappropriate prescribing in older patients in Eastern and Central Europe; chair of the WG1b subgroup “Healthy Clinical Strategies for Healthy Ageing” of the EU COST Action IS1402; board member of the Section of Clinical Pharmacy, Czech Pharmaceutical Society and Czech Medical Association J.E. Purkyn ě ; and board member of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy Research Committee. Her professional interests include clinical pharmacy in geri- atrics, evaluation of the medication efficacy and safety in older patients, changes (pharmacological, physiological) accompanying ageing, risk management in phar- macotherapy and analyses of polypharmacy and inappropriate prescribing in the old age. She received several awards for her professional work, e.g. French Award in Pharmacy, Scientific Award of the Czech Medical Society J.E. Purkyn ě and Scientific Award of Dr. Paul Janssen for Pharmacoeconomics and Drug Policy. Anne Fleming has PhD in nursing and was qualified as an occupational therapist in 1983 from Queen Margaret College, Edinburgh. While working in the NHS, she completed her master’s degree in inclusive environments at the University of Reading. Her doctoral dissertation explored stakeholder perceptions of homeliness in care homes for older people at the University of the West of Scotland. She is interested in two strands of research: project work in which the end user of services or products is involved in the creation, evaluation or redesign of the service or prod- uct and projects designed to improve practice and service delivery. Sue Gardner has MPhil in clinical psychology and undertook a first degree in psychology in London and completed her clinical training in Glasgow. She has worked, taught and supervised in clinical services for 40 years as a practitioner psychologist and as a service manager. She held various positions in the British Psychological Society from 1985 to 2011 including chairing the Division of Clinical Psychology, the Professional Practice Board and the Ethics Committee and was president in 2009/2010. She worked as clinical manager for Specialist Psychological Services for Adults and Older Adults in Oxfordshire prior to her retirement. Her clinical specialisms as a consultant clinical psychologist were addictions, complex needs, the impact of organisational change on service users and staff and the provi- sion of care. She now works as an independent consultant and lecturer. About the Authors xvii Nena Georgantzi has MA in human rights and European social protection. She is a trained lawyer specialising in human rights (Université de Strasbourg, France) and social protection (KU Leuven, Belgium). Nena Georgantzi has been working since 2010 for AGE Platform Europe (AGE), the European network of organisations that represent over 40 million older people in the continent. Since 2014, Nena has been also doing a PhD on human rights of older persons at the National University of Ireland in Galway. Her professional experience includes policy analysis, project coordination and strategic implementation in the NGO sector. She is currently in charge of the organisation’s policy and advocacy work in relation to non-discrimi- nation and human rights of older persons. She has previously been involved in a large number of EU research projects in the field of ageing and contributed with legal expertise to various EU dossiers. She participated in the Council of Europe drafting group, which finalised in 2013 a recommendation on older people’s rights. She has spoken on various occasions on the rights of older people, including in the frame of the UN Open-Ended Working Group on Ageing. She has represented AGE in the Fundamental Rights Platform, the Global Alliance for the Rights of Older People and various expert groups on the rights of older people. Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan MSW, is a PhD candidate in the School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, and was awarded a Full Presidential Scholarship for excellence for her dissertation. Her dissertation focused on sexual and relationship satisfaction among community couples. Currently, Ateret is a member of The Aging Research Lab (headed by Prof. Liat Ayalon) where she is involved in research projects regard- ing sexuality and romantic relationships in later life. In clinical practice, Ateret spe- cialises as a sex therapist in the Sex and Couples Therapy Unit in Meir Medical Center. Trish Hafford-Letchfield EdD, MA, is professor of social care at the School of Health and Education, Middlesex University, London, UK. Trish is a qualified nurse and social worker and had a long career in social work (1985–2003) including 10 years of managing statutory social care and supported housing for older people. Her research interests are very diverse. She has a long history of pedagogical research in interprofessional learning where she has led many local and national initiatives which co-produce learning with older people and students. Trish engages with the arts and humanities to enrich her teaching, practice and research. Her main research interests are in educational gerontology and the quality of social care, leadership and management and organisational development and LGBTQI issues in ageing and social work. Trish is co-chair and founder member of an international network of professionals interested in sexuality and social work. Recent research includes a national study on mental health hate crime, transgender students in higher educa- tion, the experiences of care workers in relation to older people’s self-harm and suicide and organisational responses to disabled employees in the National Health Service. About the Authors xviii Moritz Hess has PhD in sociology. He is a researcher and project coordinator at the Institute of Gerontology at the TU Dortmund University. He received his PhD at Mannheim University and his MA in sociology from the Free University Berlin. He furthermore holds an MSc in gerontology from the Free University Amsterdam. His research foci are comparative welfare state analysis, the generational conflict and pension policies. His work has been published in several journal articles and book chapters. In addition, he edited a book on the policy shift towards active ageing. He has won research awards from the German Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics, the UN and the Intergenerational Foundation. Astrid de Hontheim Ph.D. in Anthropology (2007), was at fieldworks in West Papua, remote Oceania, SE Asia, and central Africa. She is currently lecturing in Belgium, formerly in Canada (UOttawa). Her research is focused on traditional healers (Papua, Uganda, Belgium), missionaries strategies among forest people, invisible content of the Oceanic artifact, rituals related to disasters and misfortune, and Western chamanism (drum, ayahuasca) with self-involvement. She is also a yoga instructor focused on energy (prânâ) channeling. Stefania Ilinca PhD, is researcher and policy analyst in the Health and Care Unit of the European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research (UN affiliated) where she is primarily working on projects related to chronic diseases, long-term care and equity in access to care. She holds a PhD in health economics, with a spe- cialisation in frailty and multimorbidity in older age and care integration in devel- oped health systems. She has extensive experience working in large international research projects with comparative and interdisciplinary focus as well as with both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Her publications include numerous peer-reviewed book sections and policy-oriented contributions on topics in the fields of health economics, health and long-term care policy and public health. Loredana Ivan has PhD in sociology. She is associate professor at the National University of Political Studies and Public Administration (SNSPA), Communication Department, Bucharest, Romania. She is teaching topics related to interpersonal communication and interpersonal communication mediated by technologies. She is part of the Ageing Communication Technologies project (http://actproject.ca/) based in Canada and co-applicant of ACT project research grant. She is also part of the COST Action IS1402 “Ageism: A Multinational, Interdisciplinary Perspective”. Loredana Ivan was a Marie Curie scholar (2003–2004) at the University of Groningen, Interuniversity Center for Methodology (ICS), and a visiting researcher at Humboldt University from Berlin, Department of Social and Organizational Psychology (2012–2013). She is the author of Cele mai importante 20 de secunde ( The Most Important 20 Seconds , 2009) and coeditor of two other books in nonver- bal communication area. About the Authors xix Jeanne Jackson has PhD in occupational science. She is professor at University College Cork where she holds the positions of head of the School of Clinical Therapies and head of the Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy. Previously, she was an associate professor at the University of Southern California where she co-authored the Well Elderly Lifestyle Redesign® Program and was involved in various nationally funded research studies addressing health and wellness among older adults. Her current research interests include understand- ing how diverse groups of people or individuals who may not fit within the particu- lar social, historical and political constraints of their communities create meaningful lives. Specifically, she focuses on the challenges that heterosexism, disablism and ageism play in people’s daily lives. She is a fellow of the American Occupational Therapy Association and on the editorial board of Journal of Occupational Science Håkan Jönson PhD, is professor at the School of Social Work, Lund University, where he is also the director of studies at the PhD programme. He heads the Lund- based research group “Care for Older People: Conditions and Everyday Realities” and the “The National Network for Social Science Research on Ageing and Eldercare”. His research has focused on images of ageing and older people, pen- sioners’ organisations, crime and abuse as social problems for older people and nursing home scandals. He has published extensively on different aspects of ageism and has during later years devoted his main interest to different aspects of eldercare. He is currently responsible for the research project “Improving Everyday Conditions by Reconceptualising Elder Care Through the Lens of Disability Policies” that is funded by the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare. Clary Krekula has PhD in sociology. She is an associate professor in sociology at Karlstad University. Krekula’s thesis from 2006 problematised embodied perspec- tives on women’s ageing. In her subsequent research, she has looked at gendered ageing, age and gender in work organisations, age discrimination and dance among older adults, which has resulted in a number of books, chapters and articles. In sev- eral nationally and internationally funded research projects, she has emphasised issues of extended working life, and work and entrepreneurship in later life, and has shed light upon temporal sociological perspectives on age and ageing. She runs AgeS, the Swedish research network on age, where she focuses on developing criti- cal age studies. She is a board member of COST Action 1409 on extended working life. Ingrid Kummer univ. mag. phar. of clinical pharmacy, works as a community pharmacist at Zagreb City Pharmacies, Zagreb, Croatia. She received her degree in 2016. She is a member of Croatian Pharmaceutical Society, Executive Committee of Section for Community Pharmacy. She cooperates with the Centre for Applied Pharmacy at the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, on the project “Development of Pharmacist’ Competencies that Are Necessary in Daily Work in Public and Hospital Pharmacy”, research in progress. Her interest focuses on potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults, pharmacy competencies and improving pharmacy services in community pharmacy. About the Authors xx Angela Kydd has PhD in nursing. She is an associate professor in gerontology. Her clinical background involved nursing older people in acute care and working as a care home manager. Her interest is the oldest old. Her PhD was focused on the experiences of older people living in a care setting. She has written and taught on gerontology and dementia courses from workshops to leading a nurse specialist programme in gerontological nursing and a master’s course in later life. She also teaches internationally and has led and partnered several Erasmus Intensive P