Great Journeys across the Pamir Mountains The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bial Brill’s Inner Asian Library Edited by Michael R. Drompp Devin DeWeese Mark C. Elliott Volume 37 Professor Zhang Guangda Great Journeys across the Pamir Mountains A Festschrift in Honor of Zhang Guangda on his Eighty-Fifth Birthday Edited by Huaiyu Chen Xinjiang Rong LEIDEN | BOSTON Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Chen, Huaiyu, 1974– editor. | Rong, Xinjiang, 1960– editor. | Zhang, Guangda, 1931– honouree. Title: Great journeys across the Pamir Mountains : a festschrift in honor of Zhang Guangda on his eighty-fifth birthday / edited by Huaiyu Chen, Xinjiang Rong. Other titles: Festschrift in honor of Zhang Guangda on his eighty-fifth birthday Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2018] | Series: Brill’s inner Asian library ; volume 37 | Series: Gilson studies | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017057948 (print) | LCCN 2018016467 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004362253 (E-book) | ISBN 9789004362222 (hardback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Asia, Central—Civilization. | Silk Road—History. | Manuscripts—China. | Asia, Central—History. Classification: LCC DS329.4 (ebook) | LCC DS329.4 .G74 2018 (print) | DDC 958—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017057948 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1566-7162 isbn 978-90-04-36222-2 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-36225-3 (e-book) Copyright 2018 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. 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Contents A Note from the Editors vii List of Illustrations viii Abbreviations ix List of Editors and Contributors xii A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda xiv 1 On the Word ṣau Found in the Kuchean Secular Documents 1 Ching Chao-jung 2 Dunhuang and Two Revolutions in the History of the Chinese Book 20 Jean-Pierre Drège 3 Two Fragments of Tocharian B laissez-passer s Kept in the Berlin Collection 33 Ogihara Hirotoshi 4 Possible Adaptation of the Book of the Giants in the Manichaean Traité 46 Ma Xiaohe 5 The Rouran Qaghanate and the Western Regions during the Second Half of the Fifth Century based on a Chinese Document Newly Found in Turfan 59 Rong Xinjiang 6 A Sogdian Fragment from Niya 83 Nicholas Sims-Williams and Bi Bo 7 On the Chinese Name for the Syr Darya in Xuanzang’s Account of Western Regions 105 Takata Tokio 8 A New Study on Mouyu Qaghan’s Conversion to Manichaeism 111 Wang Xiaofu vi Contents 9 Beyond Deciphering: An Overview of Tocharian Studies over the Past Thirty Years 128 Xu Wenkan 10 Historical Background of the Sevrey Inscription in Mongolia 140 Yoshida Yutaka 11 “The Annals of the Noble Land Khotan”: A New Translation of a Chapter of rGya bod yig tshang chen mo 146 Zhu Lishuang 12 Kaniṣka in the Old Turkic Tradition 176 Peter Zieme Bibliography 187 Index 215 A Note from the Editors Professor Zhang is one of the most distinguished Chinese scholars who have witnessed the history of China in more than half a century. Papers gathered in this volume come from Professor Zhang Guangda’s students, friends, and col- leagues across the world in honor of his eighty-fifth birthday. Professor Zhang was born to an intellectual family in 1931 when China faced civil and interna- tional challenges. His father Zhang Xitong taught at Yenching University. He went to Yenching University and then Peking University for college education in 1949–1953. Along with numerous intellectuals, his intellectual life suffered a number of political campaigns since 1957. He endured incredible hardship and continued his study of history and various languages in turbulent 1960s and 1970s. After the Cultural Revolution, Professor Zhang enjoyed a normal intellectu- al life and started publishing a series of articles on Chinese and Central Asian history. He also worked with several leading Chinese scholars to train a new generation of Chinese scholars for the study of manuscripts from Dunhuang and Central Asia. Since then his publications have appeared in both domes- tic and international venues in Chinese, English, French, and Japanese. In ten years, he not only published a number of crucial contributions but also con- tributed to international collaborations between Chinese scholars and their international colleagues. In June, 1989 for his support of Chinese democracy movement, he had to leave Beijing for Paris. He has taught and trained numer- ous students at many academic institutions in France, the United States, Hong Kong and Taiwan. He was elected by the Société Asiatique as an honorary member in 1989. In 2003, he received honorary doctorate from École Pratique des Hautes Études in Paris. And in 2008, he was elected as an Academician of Academia Sinica in Taipei. For various reasons and difficulties, this volume has been delayed. We would like to extend our sincere apology to Professor Zhang Guangda and our con- tributors. We want to also extend our gratitude to our contributors for their im- mediate response to our invitation and their patience for waiting such a long time for the publication of this volume. Many individuals have contributed to the final completion of this volume. Paul Amato, Mike Ashby, Jenny Liu, and Clippard Seth have helped improve the style. Cynthia Col’s meticulous copy- editing is tremendously helpful. Patricia Radder from Brill has patiently and kindly helped us go through each step for producing this volume. We would like to thank them for their invaluable help. The editors List of Illustrations 1.1 Tocharian B fragment THT2852_seite1 2 1.2 Tocharian B fragment THT2692_seite1 7 3.1 Tocharian B fragment THT1555_seite1 35 3.2 Tocharian B fragment THT1586_seite1 35 5.1 Map for Rong Xinjiang’s paper 82 6.1 Paper pouch when found, courtesy of the Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology 84 6.2 Sogdian fragment, courtesy of the Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology 84 6.3 Floor plan of site 93A27 (N.XXXVII), Niya Report II (Chinese version), 69 88 9.1 A Japanese manuscript of Xuanzang’s biography in 1210 108 12.1 The joined fragments Ch/U 6090 + Ch/U 6859 182 Abbreviations AM Asia Major AOH Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae APAW Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften BEFEO Bulletin de l’École française d’Extrême-Orient BSOAS Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies BSOS Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies BT XIII P. Zieme, Buddhistische Stabreimdichtungen der Uiguren . Berlin 1985 (Berliner Turfantexte XIII) BT XX P. Zieme, Vimalakīrtinirdeśasūtra. Edition alttürkischer Übersetzungen nach Handschriftfragmenten von Berlin und Kyoto . Turnhout 2000 (Berliner Turfantexte XX) BT XXI J. Wilkens, Die drei Körper des Buddha (trikāya). Das dritte Kapitel der uigurischen Fassung des Goldglanz-Sūtras (Altun Yaruk Sudur) Turnhout 2001 (Berliner Turfantexte XXI) CAJ Central Asiatic Journal CEDTT Beijing daxue Zhongguo zhonggu shi yanjiu zhongxin 北京大學中國 中古史研究中心 ed. Dunhuang Tulufan wenxian yanjiu lunji 敦煌吐 魯番文獻研究論集 [ Collected Essays on Dunhuang and Turfan Texts ]. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju DMT Dictionary of Manichaean Texts. Turnhout: Brepols; NSW, Australia: Ancient History Documentary Research Centre, Macquarie University, c1998–<c2006> (Corpus fontium manichaeorum, Subsidia 2) vol. 1. Texts from the Roman Empire: Texts in Syriac, Greek, Coptic, and Latin / compiled by Sarah Clackson, Erica Hunter, and Samuel N. C. Lieu; in association with Mark Vermes—vol. 2. Texts from Iraq and Iran: Texts in Syriac, Arabic, Persian and Zoroastrian Middle Persian / edited by François de Blois and Nicholas Sims-Williams; compiled by François de Blois, Erica C. D. Hunter, Dieter Taillieu—vol. 3. Texts from Central Asia and China / edited by Nicholas Sims-Williams. pt. 1. Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian / by Desmond Durkin- Meisterernst—pt. 4. Dictionary of Manichaean Texts in Chinese / by Gunner B. Mikkelsen ECHC I–III Zhongguo dabaike quanshu zong bianji weiyuanhui Zhongguo lishi bi- anji weiyuanhui 中國大百科全書總編輯委員會《中國歷史》編輯委 員會 ed., Zhongguo dabaike quanshu. Zhongguo lishi I–III 中國大百科 全書 · 中國歷史 I–III. Beijing: ECPH, 1992 x Abbreviations ECSTW Tang Zhangru 唐長孺 ed., Zhongguo dabaike quanshu. Zhongguo lishi: Sui Tang Wudai shi 中國大百科全書 · 中國歷史 · 隋唐五代史 Beijing: ECPH, 1988 ED G. Clauson, An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972 ETŞ R. R. Arat, Eski Türk Şiiri . Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1965 GOT M. Erdal, A Grammar of Old Turkic , Leiden/Boston 2004 HTON Ş. Tekin, Buddhistische Uigurica aus der Yüan-Zeit , Budapest 1980 IIJ Indo-Iranian Journal JA Journal asiatique JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JASB Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal JDTS Dunhuang Tulufan yanjiu 敦煌吐魯番研究 JIAAA Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology JRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society JTS Tang yanjiu 唐研究 KB Kutadgu Bilig Maitr.Hami I–IV Geng Shimin, H.-J. Klimkeit, Das Zusammentreffen mit Maitreya, Die ersten fünf Kapitel der Hami-Version der Maitrisimit , I–II, Wiesbaden, 1988 MRDTB Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko NIYA REPORT Zhongri gongtong Niya yiji xueshu diaocha baogaoshu 中日 · 日中共同 尼雅遺跡学術調査報告書 . Vols. II–III, (Chinese and Japanese ver- sions), Kyoto: Bukkyō Daigaku Niya Iseki Gakujutsu Kenkyū Kikō; Xinjiang: Weiwuer Zizhiqu wen wu ju 維吾爾自治區文物局 SFF Sitanyin disanci Zhongya kaogu suohuo Hanwen wenxian ( fei fojing bufen) 斯坦因第三次中亞考古所獲漢文文獻 ( 非佛經部份 ), edited by 沙知 Sha Zhi and 吳芳思 Wu Fangsi. Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2005 SH W. E. Soothill and L. Hodous, A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms , London, 1937 SPAW Sitzungsberichte der Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften StII Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik TCW Tulufan chutu wenshu 吐魯番出土文書 (4 vols.), edited by 中國文 物研究所 Zhongguo wenwu yanjiusuo, 新疆維吾爾自治區博物館 Xinjiang Weiwuer Zizhiqu bowuguan and 武漢大學歷史系 History Department of Wuhan University. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe, 1992–1996 xi Abbreviations TITUS Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien, Tocharian Manuscripts from the Berlin Turfan Collection, digitized images and texts. See http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/tocharic/tht.htm THT Catalogue numbers of the Tocharische Handschriften der Turfansammlung , see TITUS TTD Tunhuang and Turfan Documents Concerning Social and Economic History (4 vol. + supplement). Tokyo: Toyo Bunko, 1980–2001 UW Klaus Röhrborn, Uigurisches Wörterbuch: Sprachmaterial der vorislamisch- en türkischen Texte aus Zentralasien, Lief. 1–6 , Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1977–1998 ZDMG Zeitschriften der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft List of Editors and Contributors Bi Bo Associate Professor, Remin University of China, Beijing, China. Chen Huaiyu Associate Professor, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA. Ching Chao-jung Postdoctoral research fellow, Centre de recherche sur les civilisations de l’Asie orientale, UMR-8155, CNRS. Jean-Pierre Drège Directeur d’études, École pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, France. Ogihara Hirotoshi Associate Professor, The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University. Ma Xiaohe Chinese Librarian, Harvard-Yenching Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA. Nicholas Sims-Williams Research Professor, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, London, England. Rong Xinjiang Professor, Center for the Study of Ancient Chinese History, Peking University, Beijing, China. Takata Tokio Professor Emeritus, Institute for Research in Humanities, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Wang Xiaofu Professor, Center for the Study of Ancient Chinese History, Peking University, Beijing, China. xiii List of Editors and Contributors Xu Wenkan Senior Editor Emeritus, Hanyu Da Cidian editorial offices, Shanghai, China. Yoshida Yutaka Professor, Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Zhu Lishuang Librarian, International Academy for China Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China. Peter Zieme Professor Emeritus, Berlin-Brandenburg Academy, Berlin, Germany. A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda Note: The articles marked with A, B, C, and D have been reprinted in following books. A Wenshu, dianji yu Xiyu shidi 文書、典籍與西域史地 [ Manuscripts, Documents, and the History and Geography of the Western Regions ]. B Wenben, tuxiang yu wenhua liuchuan 文本、圖像與文化流傳 [ Texts, Iconographis and Cultural Transmission ]. C Shijia, shixue yu xiandai xueshu 史家、史學與現代學術 [ Historians, Historiography and Modern Humanities ]. D Yutian shi congkao 于闐史叢考 [ Collected Papers on the History of Khotan ]. 1955 Co-trans. with Zhang Xitong 張錫彤 Yuanshi wenhua shigang 原始文化史綱 , by M. O. Kosven. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe. 1956 Trans. Kaoguxue tonglun 考古學通論 , by A. V. Artsikhovsky, chapters 11 & 12. Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 197–241. 1957 Co-trans. Lun Xihan shidai (gongyuan qian san shiji dao yi shiji) Zhongguo de shehui jingji zhidu 論西漢時代（公元前三世紀到一世紀）中國的社會經 濟制度 , by L. I. Duman. Beijing: Gaodeng jiaoyu chubanshe. 1963 Trans. Falanxi neizhan 法蘭西內戰 ( 草稿、初稿、二稿及片斷 ), by Karl Marx. In: Zhonggong zhongyang Makesi Engesi Lienin Sidalin zhuzuo bianyiju 中共中央馬克思恩格斯列寧斯大林著作編譯局 compiled, Makesi Engesi quanji 馬克思恩格斯全集 , vol. 17. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 533–662. xv A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda Trans. “Gei Wei Yi Chasuliqi (Vera Ivanovna Zasulich) de fuxin caogao 給維 · 伊 · 查蘇利奇的復信草稿 ( 初稿、二稿、三稿 ),” by Karl Marx. In: Makesi Engesi quanji , vol. 19. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 430–452. 1973 Trans. Sate Alabo 沙特阿拉伯 ( Saudi Arabia ), by N. I. Proshin. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe. 1978 Co-trans. with Xu Tingyun 徐庭雲 . “Sha’e zhengfu Zhongya shi pianduan 沙俄征服中亞史片斷 ,” by A. Popov. In: Jilin shifan daxue lishixi fanyizu 吉林師範大學歷史系翻譯組 compiled, Eluosi diguozhuyi: cong Yifan dadi dao geming qian 俄羅斯帝國主義：從伊凡大帝到革命前 . Beijing: Sanlian shudian, 425–504. “Sha’e qin Zang kaolüe 沙俄侵藏考略 .” Zhongyang minzu xueyuan xuebao 中央民族學院學報 , 1: 21–50. “Guanyu Mahemu Kashigeli (Maḥmūd al-Kashgharī) de Tuqueyu cihui ( Diwān al-lugāt al-turk ) yu jianyu cishu de yuanxing ditu 關於馬合木 · 喀什噶里的 《突厥語詞匯》與見於此書的圓形地圖 .” Zhongyang minzu xueyuan xue- bao , 2: 29–42 + 1 plate inside back cover. (A: 46–66). “Cong ‘Pulisangqian’ qiao tanqi 從「普里桑乾」橋談起 .” Renmin ribao 人民日報 , Sep. 4: 6. 1979 “Ping Daiwei Maikenqi zhu Tashigan zhi shi: Mi Ge Qie’erniyayefu (1828–1898) jiangjun de shengping ” 評戴维 · 麥肯齊著《塔什干之獅：米 · 格 · 切爾尼亞 耶夫 (1828–1898) 將軍的生平 [Review of Lion of Tashkent: The Career of General M. G. Cherniaev (1828–1898) , by David MacKenzie], Zhong’e guanxi yanjiuhui tongxun 中俄關係研究會通訊 , 3: 1–5. “Suiye cheng jindi kao 碎葉城今地考 [Where is Sūyāb, the Site of an Ancient City in Central Asia?].” Beijing daxue xuebao 北京大學學報 , 5: 70–82. (A: 1–22). “Taiwansheng jinnian de Songshi yanjiu qingkuang 臺灣省近年的宋史研究 情況 .” Zhongguoshi yanjiu dongtai 中國史研究動態 , 10: 9–11. xvi A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda “Oumei jinnian yanjiu Songshi jiankuang 歐美近年研究宋史簡況 .” Zhong- guoshi yanjiu dongtai , 10: 12–16. “Fuhebo (Herbert Franke) zhuchi de ‘Jinshi jihua’ jinzhang qingkuang 福赫伯 主持的「金史計畫」進展情況 .” Zhongguoshi yanjiu dongtai , 10: 32. “Guanyu Yuanren zhuanji suoyin de bianzuan qingkuang 關於元人傳記資料 索引的編纂情況 .” Zhongguoshi yanjiu dongtai , 11: 33–34. “Guowai jinnian dui Dunhuang xieben de bianmu gongzuo 國外近年對敦煌寫 本的編目工作 .” Zhongguoshi yanjiu dongtai , 12: 12–19. “Yibu zhide zhuyi de xinbian Mengguxue shumu 一部值得注意的新編蒙古 學書目 .” Zhongguoshi yanjiu dongtai , 12: 33. Shahuang Eguo qinlüe kuozhang shi (shang) 沙皇俄國侵略擴張史 ( 上 ). Chapter 2. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 36–57. 1980 Shahuang Eguo qinlüe kuozhang shi (xia) 沙皇俄國侵略擴張史 ( 下 ). Chapters 18, 19 and 28. Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, 97–128, 129–150, 404–425. Co-authored with Chen Jiarong 陳佳榮 . “Cong shijie dindaishi kan fanfengjian douzheng de changqixing he jianjuxing 從世界近代史看反封建鬥爭的長 期性和艱巨性 .” Tantao 探討 , Trial Issue 1: 56–64. Co-authored with Geng Shimin 耿世民 . “Suolimi kao” 唆里迷考 [Where is Sulmida, the Site of an Ancient City in Xinjiang?], Lishi yanjiu 歷史研究 , 2: 147–159. (A: 25–41). 1981 Co-authored with Zhang Xintong. “Shilun Eguo Dongfang xuejia Wa Fo Batuo’erde dui Menggushi de yanjiu jiqi Tuquesitan yishu 試論俄國東 方學家瓦 · 弗 · 巴托爾德對蒙古史的研究及其《突厥斯坦》一書 .” Minzu yanjiu tongxun 民族研究通訊 [ Newsletter for Ethnic Research ] 1981.2: 1–12. (C: 176–195). “Tangdai chanzong de chuanru Tubo jiqi youguan de Dunhuang wenshu 唐代 禪宗的傳入吐蕃及有關的敦煌文書 .” In: Zhonghua shuju bianjibu 中華書 局編輯部 ed. Xuelin manlu 學林漫錄 , 3. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 5: 36–58. (A: 242–262). xvii A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda 1982 “Tubo feiniaoshi yu Tubo yichuan zhidu: jianlun Dunhuang xingren buluo 吐蕃飛鳥使與吐蕃驛傳制度 : 兼論敦煌行人部落 [mChi’i byi’u pha and the Postal System in Tibetan Empire with Reference to Nyan rna’s sde in Dunhuang].” In: CEDIT , 167–178. (A: 215–225). Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang 榮新江 . “Guanyu Tangmo Songchu Yutianguo de guohao nianhao jiqi wangjia shixi wenti 關於唐末宋初于闐國的國號年 號及其王家世系問題 .” In: CEDIT , 179–209. (D: 15–37). 1983 “Yanjiu Zhongya shidi de rumenshu he cankaoshu (shang, xia) 研究中亞史 地的入門書和參考書 ( 上，下 ).” Xinjiang daxue xuebao, 3: 76–88; and 4: 78–86. Co-authored with Huang Zhenhua 黃振華 . “Sulian de Wusun kaogu qingkuang jianshu 蘇聯的烏孫考古情況簡述 .” In: Wang Mingzhe 王明哲 and Wang Binghua 王炳華 ed. Wusun Yanjiu 烏孫研究 . Urumqi: Xinjiang renmin chu- banshe, 185–200. Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Hetian, Duhuang faxian de zhonggu Yutian shiliao gaishu 和田、敦煌發現的中古于闐史料概述 .” Xinjiang shehui kexue 新疆社會科學 , 4: 78–88. (D: 1–14). 1984 “Chutu wenxian yu Musilin dili zhuzuo duiyu yanjiu Zhongya lishi dili de yiyi (shang, xia)” 出土文獻與穆斯林地理著作對於研究中亞歷史地理的意義 ( 上，下 ).” Xinjiang daxue xuebao , 1: 57–64; and 2: 55–63. “Jinnian Xifang xuezhe dui Zhongguo zhongshiji shijia dazu de yanjiu 近年 西方學者對中國中世紀世家大族的研究 .” Zhongguoshi yanjiu dongtai , 12: 29–31. (C: 263–266). Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Les noms du royaume de Khotan: Les noms d’ère et la lignée royale de la fin des Tang au début des Song.” Contributions aux é tudes de Touen-houang III , sous la direction de Michel Soymié. Paris: Ecole française d’Extrême-Orient, 23–46 + plates I–IV. Co-authored with Wang Xiaofu 王小甫 . “Zhongya lishi yanjiu shumu jie- shao (zhiyi, zhi’er, zhisan) 中亞歷史研究書目介紹 ( 之一，之二，之三 ).” Zhongya yanjiu ziliao 中亞研究資料 , 3: 70–73; 4: 76–81; and 1985, 1: 64–68. xviii A Chronological Bibliography of Professor Zhang Guangda 1985 Collaborated with Ji Xianlin 季羡林 et al. Datang Xiyuji jiaozhu 大唐西域記校 注 . Beijing: Zhonghua shuju. Collaborated with Ji Xianlin et al. Datang Xiyuji jinyi 大唐西域記今譯 . Xi’an: Shaanxi renmin chubanshe. “Lun Sui Tang shiqi Zhongyuan yu Xiyu wenhua jiaoliu de jige wenti 論隋唐時 期中原與西域文化交流的幾個問題 .” Beijing daxue xuebao , 4: 1–13. (B: 1–22). “Gudai Ouya de neilu jiaotong: jianlun shanmai, shamo, lüzhou dui dongxi wenhua jiaoliu de yingxiang 古代歐亞的內陸交通 : 兼論山脈、沙漠、綠洲 對東西文化交流的影響 .” In: Zhongguo shixuehui 中國史學會 ed. Di shiliu jie guoji lishi kexue dahui Zhongguo xuezhe lunwenji 第十六屆國際歷史科學 大會中國學者論文集 . Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 253–270. (B: 117–130). “Zhongguo shi 中國史 .” In: Guojia jiaoyu weiyuanhui gaojiao yisi 國家教育委 員會高教一司 ed. Zhexue shehui kexue yanjiu xianzhuang he fazhan: gaox- iao “qiwu” keyan guihua zixun baogao 哲學社會科學研究現狀和發展 : 高校 “ 七五 ” 科研規劃諮詢報告 . Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe, 319–330. “Bijiao he duizhao: Xifang xuezhe yanjiu Zhongguo de changyong fangfa 比較 和對照 : 西方學者研究中國的常用方法 .” Wenshi zhishi 文史知識 , 10: 86–92. “Zhenhai 鎮海 [Čingqai].” In: Han rulin 韓儒林 ed. Zhongguo dabaike quanshi. Zhongguo lishi: Yuanshi 中國大百科全書 · 中國歷史 · 元史 . Beijing: Zhongguo dabaike quanshu chubanshe, 1985, pp. 157–158. Reprinted in Zhongguo dabaike quanshu. Zhongguo lishi III, 1521–1522. 1986 “Tangdai Liuhuzhou dengdi de Zhaowu jiuxing 唐代六胡州等地的昭武九姓 .” Beijing daxue xuebao , 2: 71–82, 128. (B: 75–96). “Dangdai shixue yanjiu de qushi: canjia di shiliu jie guoji lishi kexue dahui de guanggan 當代史學研究的趨勢 : 參加第十六屆國際歷史科學大會的觀感 .” Beijing shehui kexue 北京社會科學 , 2: 153–156. Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Dunhuang ‘ruixiangji’, ruixiangtu jiqi fany- ing de Yutian 敦煌 ‘ 瑞像記 ’ 、瑞像圖及其反映的于闐 .” In: CEDTT , III, 69– 147 + plates 20–34. (D: 166–223). “Tangdai de Zhongwai wenhua huiju he Wanqing de Zhongxi wenhua chongtu 唐代的中外文化彙聚和晚清的中西文化衝突 .” Zhongguo shehui kexue 中國 社會科學 , 3: 37–51. (B: 97–116). Co-authored with Rong Xinjiang. “Yutian fosi zhi 于闐佛寺志 .” Shijie zongjiao yanjiu 世界宗教研究 , 3: 140–149. (D: 224–239).